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Optimal treatment of flail chest (FC), a serial and multilocular fracture of three or more adjacent ribs (+/− sternum) is challenged by changes in major trauma profiles. Pneumatic stabilization is the gold standard, while surgical interventions challenge the status quo. A review was performed of 2008–2013 Medline and PubMed data pool. The quality o...
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Clinical suspicion of hemo/pneumothorax: when in doubt, drain the chest. Stable chest trauma with hemo/pneumothorax: drain and wait. Unstable patient with dislocated trachea must be approached with drain in hand and scalpel ready. Massive hemo/pneumothorax may be controlled by drainage alone. The surgeon should not hesitate to open the chest if too much blood drains over a short period. The chest drainage procedure does not end with the last stitch; the second half of the match is still ahead. The drained patient is in need of physiotherapy and proper pain relief with an extended pleural space: control the suction system.