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Chemical structures of the fl avonoids (1-3) isolated from the aerial parts of Medicago littoralis.
Source publication
Three flavonoids, laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), genistein 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), and biochanin A 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (= sissotrin) (3), were isolated for the first time from the aerial parts of Medicago littoralis Rhode. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by NMR and LCDAD-ESI-MS analyses. The chemosystematic...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... our phytochemical investigation on this species showed also laricitrin 3,5'-di- O-β-glucopyranoside (1), genistein 7-O-β- glucopyranoside (2), and biochanin A 7-O-β -glucopyranoside (= sissotrin) (3) as character- istic compounds (Fig. 1). These fl avonoids were isolated for the fi rst time in Medicago ...
Context 2
... conclusion, this study showed laricitrin 3,5'-di-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), genistein 7-O-β-glu co pyra noside (2), and sissotrin (3) as characteristic fl avonoids of the aerial parts of M. littoralis collected on the sandy dunes during the fl owering period. Therefore, the list of chemo- taxonomic markers of M. littoralis can be add- ed by these fl avonoids (1-3). To evaluate more deeply the fl avonoidic production in this spe- cies, the authors plan to study its phytochemical profi le also during seasonal and growth-phase variations. ...
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Citations
... One of the key metabolite was attributed to flavanone liquiritigenin (Additional file 3). For legumes, up to several tens of different flavonoids were reported [33,34], among them dihydroxyflavanone liquiritigenin was isolated from Glycyrrhizae uralensis Fisch. ex DC e.g. ...
Background
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a short-day plant, is an economically valuable legume crop. Seeds of guar serve as a source of galactomannan polysaccharide, known as guar gum, which is in demand in the gas and oil industries. The rapid and complete maturation of guar seeds depends on the flowering time of a particular genotype. It is known that flowering in guar is controlled by several gene systems. However, no information about the process and mechanisms that trigger flowering in guar on the molecular and biochemical levels was previously reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the metabolic landscape underlying transition to the flowering in guar using GC-MS-metabolomic analysis.
Results
82 diverse guar genotypes (each in 8 replicates) from the VIR collection were grown under experimental conditions of high humidity and long photoperiod. In the stress environment some guar genotypes turned to flowering early (41 ± 1,8 days from the first true leaf appearance) while for others the serious delay of flowering (up to 95 ± 1,7 days) was observed. A total of 244 metabolites were detected by GC-MS analysis on the third true leaves stage of 82 guar genotypes. Among them some molecules were associated with the transition of the guar plants to flowering. Clear discrimination was observed in metabolomic profiles of two groups of «early flowering» and «delayed flowering» plants, with 65 metabolites having a significantly higher abundance in early flowering genotypes. Among them 7 key molecules were identified by S-plot, as potential biomarkers discriminating of «early flowering» and «delayed flowering» guar genotypes.
Conclusions
The metabolomic landscape accompanying transition to flowering in guar was firstly described. The results obtained can be used in subsequent genomic research for identifying metabolite-gene associations and revealing genes responsible for the onset of flowering and photoperiod sensitivity of guar. In addition, the detected key metabolites associated with flowering of guar can be employed as biomarkers allowing rapid screening of breeding material for the potentially early flowering genotypes.
Two previously unreported isoflavonoids, placoisoflavones A and B (1 and 2), along with five known compounds, calopogonium isoflavone B (3), jamaicin (4), 6-methoxycalopogonium isoflavone A (5), vestitol (6), and caviunin (7) have been isolated from the stems of Placolobium vietnamense N.D.Khôi & Yakovlev. The structures of all isolated compounds were fully characterized using spectroscopic data and comparison with the previous literature. The cytotoxicity of all isolated compounds was evaluated against HepG2 cell line, and compound 1 showed the most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 8.0 μM.
Diagnostic signs of morphological and anatomical structure of Medicago falcata L. raw materials Topiciality. Flora of Azerbaijan has a diverse vegetation cover and is rich in choice. However, today these sources of raw materials are not fully used to meet the needs of medicine and national economy. We conducted a resource reconnaissance survey of species of the genus Medicago in Azerbaijan and identified regions of mass growth. New natural habitats are located in different environmental conditions and it is possible to change the diagnostic features of the morphological and anatomical structure of plant materials, as well as the chemical composition. The combination of additional morphological and anatomical features allows a more accurate determination of the authenticity of the raw material. Aim. To study the diagnostic signs of morphological and anatomical structure of Medicago falcata L. raw materials from the flora of Azerbaijan. Materials and methods. Plant samples were fixed in a solution made in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4), containing 2.5 % glutar-aldehyde, 2 % paraformal-aldehyde, 4 % sucrose, and 0.1 % picric acid. The fixed materials have been submitted to the Electron Microscopy Laboratory of the Azerbaijan Medical University for study by electron microscopy. Samples have been postfixed in 1 %-osmium tetraoxide solution prepared in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) within two hours after being left in the same fixer for one day. Araldite-Epon blocks made from materials using general methods adopted in electron microscopy. The semi-thin (1-2 µm) sections from the blocks taken on a EM UC7 (Leica, Germany) ultramicrotome, stained with methylene blue, azure II, and basic fuchsin were observed under microscope Primo Star (Zeiss, Germany) and images of required parts were shot with EOS D650 (Canon, Chine) digital camera. Results and discussion. Multicellular trichome covered on both leaf sides. Adaxial epidermis a sheet plate have sinuous cells, and abaxial epidermis have differed slightly sinuous cells with clear-shaped walls. In leaflet anatomy of plant vascular bundles are of the collateral type. Stomatas are located from both sides of a leaf. Stomata belong to aniso-cytic structure. The epidermis of the stem consists of elongated thick-walled cells with anisocytic stomata. The calyx is densely covered by trichomes. The outer epidermis of cross-section of the keel petals cells is the wing horns cells form. And inner epidermis consists of oval cells. Mesophyll cells inside the leaf consist of loose spongy cells on the underside with several conducting bundles (dorsoventral). Conclusions. Morphological and anatomical studying of raw material Medicago falcata L. has shown, that there are prominent features of a structure:four large conductive bundles are located on the cross section of the stem at the corners of the ribs on two sides. Between angular conductive bundles, there are three conductive bundles, and the other two sides are located along one conductive bundle. Therefore, M. Falcata L. differs from M. Sativa L. The epidermis of the stem consists of elongated thickened-walls cells with anisocytic stomata. The indicated diagnostic morphological and anatomical characters could be used in the compilation of a monograph and in identifying plant materials on the raw material of Medicago falcata L.
Medicago sativa L. (Fam. – Fabaceae) is a perennial plant species, with leaves green and flowers bluish‐violet in color, cultivated as a forage crop in India. This plant species possesses neuroprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiulcer, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, estrogenic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic effects. It is used in the treatment of heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, indigestion, halitosis, constipation, and menopausal disorders in women. The callus was developed by using hypocotyl, cotyledon, stem, petiole, and trifoliate leaves as explants in alfalfa plants. Callus was formed on Blaydes’ growth medium adding with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin. The leaves of M. truncatula showed higher levels of bayogenin, medicagenic acid, and zanhic acid. The enhancement of the production of triterpenic compounds was observed in the leaves of transgenic lines in comparison with the control line.
Legumes, also known as pulses, are important staple foods for human food and animal feed. They have long been a part of the Mediterranean diet, and their health benefits stem from the fact that they are important sources of adequate proportions of different nutrients, such as proteins, minerals, lipids, vitamins, starch, sugars and other non-starch polysaccharides. The recognition of their dietary value has even stimulated their inclusion in a separate section of the Portuguese food guide. Still, for cultural reasons, legume grains have often been regarded as “food for the poor”. This stereotype has been changing, in part because of the latest guidelines recommending a reduction in the intake of animal protein but also because of their intrinsic nutraceutical value, since legume grains have a high content in phytochemicals and phytoestrogens. Legume grains have a multitude of uses, from direct consumption to production of flours that can be used in breads and cakes, substantially increasing their protein content. Clearly, the availability of legume grains and legume-derived foods will always be driven by their demand. Nowadays, they are one of the preferred foods by population groups that, due to ideological reasons, do not eat animal foods and are more aware about possible alternatives. This chapter will present an overview on the history of pulses in the Mediterranean diet, as well as a focused review of their most interesting health benefit properties.
