Figure - available from: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Source publication
Homogenous (poly (6,6′-(2-hydroxy-5-(phenyldiazenyl)-1,3-phenylene) bis (methylene) bis (2-ethylphenol)) (PHPP) film has been properly deposited using the spin coating method. In this paper, the polymer film was characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), histogram characterization, intensity distribution of the film, and scan of the microscopi...
Citations
... The transmission is symmetrical at the focusing point, where it reaches a minimum value at z = 0, showing the absorbing effect dependent on the intensity. The value of the non-linear optical absorption factor can be estimated from the adjustment curve obtained from the open-aperture experimental data using the following equation [53][54][55]. ...
Abstract
The compound polyaniline (Poly-ANI) with different concentrations of (H2SO4) sulfuric acid has been synthesized by the chemical polymerization method. The prepared compounds have been characterized using number of techniques including FTIR, FE-SEM, EDS and DSC. Additionally, UV–Vis spectroscopy employed for studying the linear optical properties of polymer with different acid concentrations. Third order optical nonlinearity was characterized using Z-scan at 532 nm. The results showed that the nonlinear refractive index has a negative sign. It was observed that the nonlinear refractive index changes in different ratios of H2SO4.The high value of nonlinear refractive index ( n2 ) obtained along Z-axis is 74.62 × 10−7cm2/W, and the corresponding 3 is 21.5 × 10−5 esu. Also, the Poly-ANI film shows the response to NH3 gas sensing in the range 20 ppm-250 ppm and can be used for NH3 sensing application.
... This creates a temperature gradient, which in turn creates a spatial gradient in the refractive index [54][55][56]. It is noted that the type of thermal lens relies on the sign of thermal-optical coefficient, which negative coefficient material can only provide concave lens, and positive coefficient material can only provide convex lens [57,58]. The signal from the TL was reported as the percentage of relative power change. ...
This article is devoted to the study of various dielectric and optoelectrical parameters nonlinear optic behaviors, thermal lens and self-diffraction parameters of Fluorescein (FLs) doped polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films. The films were prepared with 60 mM. These studies are based on the calculated values of refractive, absorption coefficient, energy gap, extinction coefficient and nonlinear Refraction index \((n_{2} )\). The polymer films were prepared using the casting technique. All samples were previously investigated by UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometric measurements and Optical microscopy SEM and ATM. Utilizing thermal lens spectrometry, an investigation of the thermo-optical characteristics as well as the nonlinear refractive index was carried out. In this method, a pump beam and a probe beam were brought into collinear alignment with one another. To determination the nonlinear Refraction index \((n_{2} )\). High values of nonlinear refractive index predict a bright future for materials in optical applications. These results indicate that the new dye is a promising candidate for applications in nonlinear optical devices. Investigations were carried out on organic photovoltaic devices in addition to devices consisting of active layers with conducting polymer of PHPP:P3HT film and PHPP:P3HT/Fls. The methods of polymer and dyes synthesis are presented and their physical properties are given.
... The characterization of the surface topography or the so-called topography of the surface is very important in the manufacture of optical devices [21,22]. In general, from the observation of figures 2 and .3, that the spread of the surface increases with the average roughness, as the roughness variables are among the important variables in linear and nonlinear optical applications [23,24], such as the linear photoelectric effect [25][26][27], optical filters [28][29][30], thermal lens technique [31][32][33][34], optical limiting device [35][36][37],self diffraction ring [38][39][40][41][42][43] and optical storage devices [44]. Figure 3. Surface graph of 10 μm and 13.5 μm ZnS films The topography of the surface morphology of one ZnS polymer film is clear and understandable when processing the microscopic of the films. ...
The ZnS/polymer films have been successfully prepared by casting technique with different thickness (10,12,13.5 and 14 ) and to carry out a comprehensive study of their gas detection performance. All the different ZnS polymer films thickness demonstrates excellent selectivity and accuracy and stability. ZnS- doped PMMA films show higher sensitivity to ethanol vapors. Further, the films show fast response and recovery to methanol and methanol vapors at higher operating temperatures. The methanol-ethanol sensing mechanism of the film has been explained.
... Figure 3 shows the relationship between increased concentration and the number of rings. the diffraction rings for concentrations 4 mM and12 mM is shown in Fig. 4. Increasing the concentration means an increase in the number of molecules inside the solvent and their distribution more densely within the space occupied by the solvent [49] also the absorbance of the incident laser rays increases and this leads to an increase in the number of molecules that radiate energy with a frequency equal to the frequency of the laser light used, and this leads to an increase in the area at which interference occurs which leads to diffraction rings [50]. This clearly means that increasing the number of diffraction rings and the size of the highest ring with increasing concentration results from the increased aggregation of dye molecules at the point of development at higher concentrations. ...
Experimental evolution of the diffraction pattern of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Congo Red (COGR) Solutions, by diffraction ring technique under CW laser illumination is present. The two azo dyes, COGR dye and COGR dye, were studied for their absorbance spectra, as well as the diffraction rings experimental. The measurement rings were performed when the incident beam propagates through a quartz cell containing dye. Many diffraction rings were observed on the sensitive screen. Among the results we obtained are the diffraction rings at 0.07mM concentration, where the number of rings was 4 at the power of the 50 mW laser beam for the Bromocresol dye and three rings in the congo red dye. The nonlinear refractive index for the Bromocresol dye and congo red dye are found to be in the order of 0.11×10 ⁻⁸ cm ² /Watt, 3.093×10 ⁻⁸ cm ² /Watt, respectively.The efficiency of the ring pattern was found to depend on the concentration of the dye and the power of the laser.
... Nonlinear refraction [2] and nonlinear absorption [3] are the essential third-order nonlinear optical parameters of Ethidium bromide or Nano-composite films for optoelectronic [4], photonic devices [5], limiter devices [6], all optical switching [7,8] , thermal lens [9][10][11], dosimetry [12][13][14], shielding [15,16], nuclear detector [17] and labeling of biological molecules [18]. All this requires searching for materials that exhibit nonlinear properties, such as organic dye [19,20], azo dye [21,22], Schiff-base dye [23], organic compound [24], conducting polymer [25], polymer film [26][27][28], polymer solution [29], biopolymer [30,31], nanoparticle [32], Nanocompouse [33,34] and liquid crystal [35]. In recent decades, various technologies of optical limiters have been affected by the widely used applications of laser technology [36]. ...
The effects of deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) on full brightness, and color matching functions of Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were studied. Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by the deep casting method. The variation of CIE chromaticity coordinates for PVP/DNA films with increasing Ethidium bromide dye concentration values are determined. The CIE 1931 color space move to the magenta region. The results indicate that Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films have potential promising material for optical device applications and candidates used for LEDs pumped by UV chips and applied in many advanced technologies.
... where S is defined as the linear transmittance of aperture (S = 1-exp (-2r a 2 /w a 2 ) [40]), r a is the radius of the aperture (r a = 2.5 mm) ,and w a is the radius of the beam at the aperture and found to be x a ¼ 2:45mm . The nonlinear refractive index (n 2 ) can be determined from the following relation [41,42]: ...
The structural characterization of a new organic compound (3, 5-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-Pyrazole) was analyzed experimentally by 1HNMR and FTIR spectroscopic technique. The analysis of HOMO–LUMO and natural bond orbital are investigated to study the charge transfer interactions leading to the properties of nonlinear behavior. Linear optical properties of a new organic compound/Poly (O- Methoxyaniline) (POMA) film were studied using Wemble and Didomenico (WD) technique to estimate the refractive index n and other optical constants such as the oscillation energy E0, the dispersion energy Ed, and the lattice dielectric constant \(\varepsilon_{\infty }\). Measurements of the thermally induced optical nonlinearity of novel organic compound (3, 5-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4, 5-dihydro-1H- Pyrazole) in an organic solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) NMP)) were studied through an excitation source (continuous-wave diode laser at the wavelength of 473 nm) in the case of the solution and a conducting polymer film. The Z-scan technique was used to measure the nonlinear refractive index(\(n_{2}\)) to obtain the optical response of the prepared material. The prepared sample illustrated negative and large \(n_{2}\) values in the order of 10−7 cm2/W and reverse saturable absorption(RSA) with large values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient in the order of 10−3 cm/W. The nonlinear refractive index was determined and varied as a response to different concentrations. The determination of the figure of merit (W) and nonlinear coefficients indicate that the compound is a promising candidate for applications in the nonlinear optics field.
... Pure experemental data.where S is defined as the linear transmittance of aperture (S=1-exp (-2ra 2 /wa 2 )[40] ) ,ra is the radius of the aperture (ra= 2.5 mm) and wa is the radius of the beam at the aperture and found to be refractive index ( 2 n ) can be determined from the following relation[41,42]:is the laser beam wavelength, I0 is the intensity of the laser beam at the focal point (Z= 0), 45]. a and t are the absorbance and the sample thickness respectively. The nonlinear absorption coefficient β can be determined from the open aperture (OA) Zscan data as shown in the following relation [46-48]:- is represent the difference transmission of one-valley. ...
The structural characterization of a new organic compound (3, 5-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 H -Pyrazole) was analyzed experimentally by ¹ HNMR and FT-IR spectroscopic technique. The analysis of HOMO-LUMO and natural bond orbital are investigated to study the charge transfer interactions which is leading to the properties of nonlinear behavior. linear optical properties of anew organic compound / Poly (O- Methoxyaniline) (POMA) film was studied using Wemble and Didomenico (WD) technique to estimate the refractive index n and other optical constant such as the oscillation energy E 0 , the dispersion energy E d , and the lattice dielectric constant. Measurements of the thermally induced optical nonlinearity of novel organic compound (3, 5-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4, 5-dihydro-1 H - Pyrazole) in an organic solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) NMP)) was studied through an excitation source (continuous wave diode laser at the wavelength of 473 nm) in the case of the solution and a conducting polymer film. The Z-scan technique was used to measure the nonlinear refractive index )) to obtain the optical response of prepared material. The prepared sample illustrated negative and large values in the order of 10 − 7 cm ² /W and reverse saturable absorption )RSA) with large values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient in the order of 10 − 3 cm/W. The nonlinear refractive index was determined and varied as a response to different concentrations. The determination of the figure of merit (W) and nonlinear coefficients indicate that the compound is a promising candidate for applications in the nonlinear optics field.
... The characterization of the surface topography or the so-called topography of the surface is very important in the manufacture of optical devices [21,22]. In general, from the observation of figures 2 and .3, that the spread of the surface increases with the average roughness, as the roughness variables are among the important variables in linear and nonlinear optical applications [23,24], such as the linear photoelectric effect [25][26][27], optical filters [28][29][30], thermal lens technique [31][32][33][34], optical limiting device [35][36][37],self diffraction ring [38][39][40][41][42][43] and optical storage devices [44]. Figure 3. Surface graph of 10 μm and 13.5 μm ZnS films The topography of the surface morphology of one ZnS polymer film is clear and understandable when processing the microscopic of the films. ...
... Figure 3 shows the relationship between increased concentration and the number of rings. the diffraction rings for concentrations 4 mM and12 mM is shown in Fig. 4. Increasing the concentration means an increase in the number of molecules inside the solvent and their distribution more densely within the space occupied by the solvent [49] also the absorbance of the incident laser rays increases and this leads to an increase in the number of molecules that radiate energy with a frequency equal to the frequency of the laser light used, and this leads to an increase in the area at which interference occurs which leads to diffraction rings [50]. This clearly means that increasing the number of diffraction rings and the size of the highest ring with increasing concentration results from the increased aggregation of dye molecules at the point of development at higher concentrations. ...
Experimental evolution of the diffraction pattern of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Congo Red (COGR) Solutions, by diffraction ring technique under CW laser illumination is present. The two azo dyes, COGR dye and COGR dye, were studied for their absorbance spectra, as well as the diffraction rings experimental. The measurement rings were performed when the incident beam propagates through a quartz cell containing dye. Many diffraction rings were observed on the sensitive screen. Among the results we obtained are the diffraction rings at 0.07mM concentration, where the number of rings was 4 at the power of the 50 mW laser beam for the Bromocresol dye and three rings in the congo red dye. The nonlinear refractive index for the Bromocresol dye and congo red dye are found to be in the order of 0.11×10-8 cm 2 /Watt, 3.093×10-8 cm 2 /Watt, respectively.The efficiency of the ring pattern was found to depend on the concentration of the dye and the power of the laser.
