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![Chemical structure of some triterpenoic acids from Canarium schweinfurthii Compared to many other medicinal plant species of pharmacological relevance like Noronhia divaricata ) [29], Ocimum gratissimum [30], Callistemon viminalis, Meulaleuca bracteata var. Revolution Gold Syzygium guineense and Syzygium cordatum [31], Canarium schweinfurthii also contain antisickling phytomarkers such as phenolic and triterpenoic acids and merit more attention for a bio-prospecting program. Thus, this plant could serve according to chemo-taxonomical approach as promising source of antisickling new lead compounds.](profile/Koto-Te-Nyiwa-Ngbolua/publication/283462137/figure/fig1/AS:291766231810055@1446573898979/Chemical-structure-of-some-triterpenoic-acids-from-Canarium-schweinfurthii-Compared-to.png)
Chemical structure of some triterpenoic acids from Canarium schweinfurthii Compared to many other medicinal plant species of pharmacological relevance like Noronhia divaricata ) [29], Ocimum gratissimum [30], Callistemon viminalis, Meulaleuca bracteata var. Revolution Gold Syzygium guineense and Syzygium cordatum [31], Canarium schweinfurthii also contain antisickling phytomarkers such as phenolic and triterpenoic acids and merit more attention for a bio-prospecting program. Thus, this plant could serve according to chemo-taxonomical approach as promising source of antisickling new lead compounds.
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The aim of the study was to collect data obtained from various studies carried out by different authors concerning the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Canarium schweinfurthii. This review has been compiled using references from major databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect and Google scholars Databases. An extensive survey of lit...
Citations
... Albeit fragmented, these remains were easily identifiable and reflect the local use of C. schweinfurthii during the middle and late Holocene as a food and/or medicinal resource (cf. Mbida et al. 2000;D'Andrea et al. 2006;Ngbolua et al. 2015;Kuete 2017). In fact, canarium is present in the area today and continues to be used by many of the local villagers as a source of oil, food and medicine. ...
Limited excavations at Nangara-Komba Shelter along the northern margin of the Congo Basin have recovered evidence for intermittent and at times intensive human visits beginning approximately 5100 cal. BC. Numerous rock art panels adorn the shelter’s walls and ceramics appear to have initially been brought to the site between 1050 and 900 cal. BC, if not earlier. Charred Canarium schweinfurthii endocarp fragments were collected in all stratigraphic aggregates and reflect the use of canarium for food, fuel and/or medicinal purposes during the middle and late Holocene. Abundant quartz and quartzite artefacts occur throughout the deposits and mark a continuous and stable microlithic tradition. The site was used only by foraging groups who ultimately interacted with Bantu and later Ubangian farmers and possibly smelters. Nangara-Komba represents a sheltered context where the use of lithic tools appears to have persisted well into the late Holocene and is the only known site in the Central African Republic and Sangha River Interval with episodic occupations spanning the past 7000 years.
... About 50 million people are affected in the world, mainly sub-Saharan Africans and their immigrants, especially to America. Nevertheless, this hemoglobin disease is also found in some parts of India and Saudi Arabia [6][7][8]. In certain African regions, carriers of S hemoglobin can reach 20% of the population with a prevalence of 25-30% in Central Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (RDC). ...
... All antisickling experiments were conducted with freshly collected blood. In order to confirm their SS nature, the aforementioned blood samples were first characterized by hemoglobin electrophoresis on cellulose acetate gel, as previously reported [7,8,14]. ey were found to be SS blood and were then stored at ±4°C in a refrigerator. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients selected in the study. ...
Background. Sickle cell disease or drepanocytosis is the most known hemoglobin abnormality in the world. Recently, many medicinal plants used in the management of sickle cell disease in African traditional medicine have shown in vitro antisickling
activity. Objective. ,is research study aims to document some Congolese plant species used in the management of sickle cell disease in Kikwit city and investigate their pharmacological property in vitro. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was done from
June 2015 to March 2016 among 26 traditional healers in Kikwit city, Democratic Republic of Congo. Emmel test was used to assess in vitro antisickling activity. Habitat, morphological, biological types, phytogeographical distribution, local names, and used
parts of these plant species were also determined. Results. Obtained results show that 23 plant species belonging to 16 families are used. ,e leaves represent the most used part (70%). Antisickling investigation showed that aqueous extracts of 18 plants (78%) exhibit a change in the shape of a sickle cell into a normal one with a normalized rate of at least 70%, confirming the in vivo effect observed by traditional healers when used as herbal medicine traditionally in the management of sickle cell disease. ,e evaluation of perimeter, surface, and radius of untreated and treated sickle red blood cells showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) as modification indicators of the red blood cell shape. Alchornea cordifolia, Alternanthera bettzickiana, Annona senegalensis, Dissotis brazzae, Hypoxis angustifolia, and Justicia secunda presented a very high antisickling activity with normalization >70%. Otherwise, Dissotis brazzae was the most active plant with a minimal concentration of normalization (MCN) of 11 μg/mL and a maximal normalization rate (NRmax) of 86%. Conclusion. Almost 80% of the plants studied showed interesting antisickling activity and justified their use in traditional medicine. ,e isolation of the molecules responsible for the biological activity of the most active plants and the determination of their chemical structures is under investigation.
... About 50 million people are affected in the world, mainly sub-Saharan Africans and their immigrants, especially to America. Nevertheless, this hemoglobin disease is also found in some parts of India and Saudi Arabia [6][7][8]. In certain African regions, carriers of S hemoglobin can reach 20% of the population with a prevalence of 25-30% in Central Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (RDC). ...
... All antisickling experiments were conducted with freshly collected blood. In order to confirm their SS nature, the aforementioned blood samples were first characterized by hemoglobin electrophoresis on cellulose acetate gel, as previously reported [7,8,14]. ey were found to be SS blood and were then stored at ±4°C in a refrigerator. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients selected in the study. ...
Background:
Sickle cell disease or drepanocytosis is the most known hemoglobin abnormality in the world. Recently, many medicinal plants used in the management of sickle cell disease in African traditional medicine have shown in vitro antisickling activity.
Objective:
This research study aims to document some Congolese plant species used in the management of sickle cell disease in Kikwit city and investigate their pharmacological property in vitro.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was done from June 2015 to March 2016 among 26 traditional healers in Kikwit city, Democratic Republic of Congo. Emmel test was used to assess in vitro antisickling activity. Habitat, morphological, biological types, phytogeographical distribution, local names, and used parts of these plant species were also determined.
Results:
Obtained results show that 23 plant species belonging to 16 families are used. The leaves represent the most used part (70%). Antisickling investigation showed that aqueous extracts of 18 plants (78%) exhibit a change in the shape of a sickle cell into a normal one with a normalized rate of at least 70%, confirming the in vivo effect observed by traditional healers when used as herbal medicine traditionally in the management of sickle cell disease. The evaluation of perimeter, surface, and radius of untreated and treated sickle red blood cells showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) as modification indicators of the red blood cell shape. Alchornea cordifolia, Alternanthera bettzickiana, Annona senegalensis, Dissotis brazzae, Hypoxis angustifolia, and Justicia secunda presented a very high antisickling activity with normalization >70%. Otherwise, Dissotis brazzae was the most active plant with a minimal concentration of normalization (MCN) of 11 μg/mL and a maximal normalization rate (NRmax) of 86%.
Conclusion:
Almost 80% of the plants studied showed interesting antisickling activity and justified their use in traditional medicine. The isolation of the molecules responsible for the biological activity of the most active plants and the determination of their chemical structures is under investigation.
... The wood has a density of 0.60 g/cm 3 , average Modulus of Elasticity of 6378 Nmm −2 , Modulus of rapture of 119 Nmm −2 and basic density of 458 kgm −3 (Brown 1997, Zziwa et al. 2012. Canarium schweinfurthii is a large forest tree growing up to 50 m high, 4.5 m in girth and its crown reaching the upper canopy of the forest, with a long clean (Ngbolua et al. 2015). At 12% moisture content, wood has a density of 0.40 g/cm 3 , average modulus of rapture of 77.5-109 Nmm −2 , modulus of elasticity of 7370-14,630 Nmm −2 , compression parallel to grain 38-60.5 Nmm −2 , compression perpendicular to grain 8-9.5 Nmm −2 , shear 13-14 Nmm −2 , (Brown 1997, Kochummen et al. 2018. ...
Wood is a biological material that is readily degraded by bacteria, fungi, and insects, as a result, enormous economic losses are incurred annually. The potentials of perishable wood species would be dependent on their treatability to increase their service life. This study reports on the treatability of wood by testing the hydraulic conductances as estimated by Hagen Poiseuille equation on four perishable wood species (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Canarium schweinfurthii, Pycanthus angolensis and Treculia Africana) commonly grown in the Southeastern Nigeria using five preservatives chemicals (No-pest® Strip2, solignium, DD-force, spent-oil from petrol engine and spent-oil from diesel engine). The vessel lumen radius of P. angolensis was significantly (P < 0.05) wider as compared to those of A. heterophyllus and T. Africana, while C. schweinfurthii had the longest vessel- members with an average radius of 0.390 ± 0.019 mm. Water-based preservatives (No-pest® Strip2 and DD-Force) and Solignium were less viscous and showed higher penetrating ability. P. angolensis was highly responsive to treatments with less viscous preservatives, however, A. heterophyllus and C. schweinfurthii were also found to be moderately responsive to treatments, therefore, appear promising for protective treatment and could be used as a substitute to highly priced commercial timber species.
... C. schweinfurthii is used traditionally for managing chest pains, pulmonary affections, coughs, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, asthma and gastritis; a decoction of the leaves, stem bark and rhizome is usually drunk [35,36]. ...
... The essential oil and leaf extracts showed strong antimycobacterium and antimicrobial properties generally [35,38]. The anti-inflammatory effects of the plant extracts and oil combined with the strong effect of the natural antimicrobials seem to be of value in the management of respiratory disorders. ...
... Ainsi, les plantes comestibles sauvages peuvent servir de sources d'alicaments pour la prise en charge de la drépanocytose (Adansonia digitata, Afromomum alboviolaceum, Alchornea cordifolia, Annona senegalensis, Bridelia ferruginea, Canarium schweinfurthii, Dacryodes edulis, Gnetum africanum, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Syzygium guineense) [52][53][54][55][56][57][58] ou du diabète (Dioscorea bulbifera) [59]. L'une de ces plantes (Scorodophleous zenkeri) est douée des propriétés larvicides in vitro vis-à-vis de Culex quinquefasciatus [60]. ...
... Ainsi, les plantes comestibles sauvages peuvent servir de sources d'alicaments pour la prise en charge de la drépanocytose (Adansonia digitata, Afromomum alboviolaceum, Alchornea cordifolia, Annona senegalensis, Bridelia ferruginea, Canarium schweinfurthii, Dacryodes edulis, Gnetum africanum, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Syzygium guineense) [52][53][54][55][56][57][58] ou du diabète (Dioscorea bulbifera) [59]. L'une de ces plantes (Scorodophleous zenkeri) est douée des propriétés larvicides in vitro vis-à-vis de Culex quinquefasciatus [60]. ...
Preliminary inventory of wild edible no-timber forest products (NTFP) used for their tubers, fruits, seeds, roots, leaves buds, barks, by the Ambuila population, in the northeast of Angola, revealed the existence of 59 species of plants distributed in 43 genera and 31 botanical families among them Apocynaceae , Zingiberaceae and Arecaceae are the most represented, respectively with 5, 5 and 4 species. The inventoried edible wild plants are found in both forest and savanna but with predominance in the forest. Furthermore, the analysis of biological type performed on all harvested plant revealed the presence of trees, shrubs, herbaceous and lianas (66.09%), but we noticed that woody species predominate on herbaceous with 33, 30%. According to their importance, the most demanded organs of plants are: fruits, almonds and seeds (45.00%), leaves (32.50%), stems, bark and buds (16.25%) and roots and tubers with 6.25%. By descending the classification, the wild NTFP consumed by the Ambuila rural population are: fruits, almonds and seeds (34.67%), vegetables-leaves (22.7%), stimulants (21.33%), spices (10.67%), beverages (6.67%) and tubers represent 4.00%. Most of wild edible forest products at Ambuila are destined to self-consumption, only seven species of the 59 are sold locally, the average unit price is estimated at U$ 0.713. Most of the products are consumed after processed (cooked, grids or boiled), the rest are consumed raw. RÉSUMÉ: Un inventaire préliminaire des produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) comestibles sauvages utilisés pour leurs tubercules, fruits, graines, racines, feuilles, bourgeons, écorces par la population d'Ambuila, au Nord-Est de l'Angola, révèle l'existence de 59 espèces des plantes distribuées en 43 genres et 31 familles botaniques dont, les Apocynaceae et Zingiberaceae et les Arecaceae constituent les familles les mieux représentées, respectivement avec 5, 5 et 4 espèces. Les plantes sauvages comestibles inventoriées se retrouvent tant en forêt qu'en savane, mais avec une prédominance dans le milieu forestier. Par ailleurs, l'analyse de type biologique effectuée sur l'ensemble des plantes récoltées met en évidence la présence des arbustes, arbres, herbacées et lianes. Mais on constate que les espèces ligneuses (66,09%) prédominent sur les herbacées (33,90%). Les organes des plantes les plus prisés sont, par ordre d'importance, les fruits, amandes et graines Monizi Mawunu, Kola Bongo, Afonso Eduardo, Makonzo M. Za Vua, Luyindula Ndiku, Pius T. Mpiana, and Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua (45,00 %), les feuilles (32,50%), les tiges, les écorces et les bourgeons (16,25%), et les racines et tubercules avec 6,25%. Par ordre décroissant, les PFNL sauvages consommés par la population rurale d'Ambuila sont: les fruits, amandes et graines (34,67%), les légumes-feuilles (22,67%), stimulants (21,33%), épices (10,67%), boissons (6,67%) et les tubercules représentent 4,00%. Les PFNL sauvages comestibles exploités à Ambuila sont plus destinés à l'autoconsommation, seulement sept espèces sur les 59 sont commercialisées localement, dont le prix unitaire moyen est évalué à 0,713 U$. L'essentiel des produits consommés sont transformés (cuits, grillés ou bouillis), et le reste sont consommés crus.
... (family Burseraceae) is traditionally used in African Traditional Medicine as insecticide or against dysentery, gonorrhea, coughs, chest pains, pulmonary affections/Mycobacterium tuberculosis, stomach complaints, food poisoning, purgative and emetic, roundworm infections and other intestinal parasites, emollient, stimulant, diuretic, skin-affections, eczema, leprosy, ulcers; diabetes mellitus; colic, stomach pains, pains after child birth, gale; fever, constipation, malaria, sexually transmitted infection and rheumatism. [11,12] A recent extensive survey of literature revealed that C. schweinfurthii is a good source of health promoting secondary metabolites such as phenolic and terpenoic acids Among others that could have many wonderful applications [13] . The plant is also belongs to the great apes (GAs) feeding and is potentially non-toxic to man and could provide new sources of anti-sickle cell hemolytic compounds. ...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Chemical composition and bioactivity of Canarium schweinfurthii stem bark extracts against Sickle cell disease and associated bacteria. The antisickling and antibacterial activities were carried out using Emmel and micro-dilution methods respectively. The results revealed that the stem bark of Canarium schweinfurthii contains various secondary metabolites such as the anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and leuco-anthocyanins. The n-hexane (non-polar solvent) extract displayed poor yield than the extracts obtained in the polar solvents which have a high yield. Flavonoids were most concentrated in the methanol solvent whereas the anthocyanins were concentrated in acidified methanol while the tannins were concentrated in n-hexane (condensed tannins). The extraction yield of organic/triterpenoic acids (betulinic acid rich extract) was 0.75%. All tested extracts displayed antisickling activity. Organic acid extract was the most interesting with an ED50 equal to 12.5 µg/mL. While, the antibacterial activity of different plant extracts tested was weak toward tested bacterial strains (CMI>250 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity can be improved by bio-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate or methanol soluble fraction. This study provides for the first time a scientific basis for the in vitro antisickling activity of C. schweinfurthii.
... The analgesic effect of resin essential oil of C. schweinfurthii oil has also been reported [10]. C. schweinfurthii have also been implicated to have a measure of anti-sickling [11] and anti-diabetic [12][13][14] activities. This research is aimed at testing the anti-hyperglycemic effect of Canarium schwenfurthii fruit oil on STZ-induced diabetic wistar rats. ...
Aim: The effect of oil got from the fruit pulp of Canarium schweinfurthii on normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats was evaluated. Methodology: Twenty four rats were divided into six groups of four each. Group 1 (normal rats) received 5 ml of distilled water, group 2 diabetic rats received STZ + 5 ml / kg b.w glibenclamide; groups 3,4 and 5 STZ-induced diabetic rats received 5 ml, 10 ml and 20 ml per b.w of C.s oil respectively while group 6 STZ-induced diabetic rats received no treatment. All treatments were orally administered using an oral-gastric tube for two weeks. Changes in blood glucose concentration were compared to positive (STZ + glibenclamide) and negative (STZ only) controls. Results: The oil showed positive effect against STZ-induced diabetic rats after 2 hrs at all dose levels tested. Daily administration of 10 ml / b.w of C.s oil showed similar activities as the reference drug (glibenclamide) and glucose reduction compared to STZ only. At 20 ml / b.w daily administration of C.s oil, mortality was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, Canarium schweinfurthii fruit oil may be considered as a remedy for diabetes mellitus when administered at low doses (10 ml / bw and below) for long-term use. Further research is recommended.
The plant-based traditional knowledge of many Cameroonian populations concerning beauty and skin care is still poorly documented, yet they are real resources of innovation and economic development. The aim of this study is to document the indigenous knowledge of Choa Arab and Kotoko ethnic group in Kousséri (Far North Region of Cameroon) about plants used for cosmetics. Ethnobotanical data collected among key informants revealed a total of 13 plants species belonging to 12 families used by local people. Canarium schweinfurthii Engl and Santalum album L. obtained the highest frequency of citation. Trees are the most abundant life forms, while barks and seeds are the most frequently used parts. More than 40% of recorded plants are used for skin care. The cosmetic allegations of recorded plants include: dermatology, anti-cancers, antioxidant agent, perfume, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wounds healing activity, skin lightening, dental caries, astringent and hair care. They all contain various phytochemicals that are of interest in cosmetics. Despite the strong relationship between the Choa Arab and Kotoko people and herbal cosmetic ingredients, these plants are still less investigated for their cosmetic application. The authors urge for the development of sustainable supply chain for plants with potentials as cosmetics, involving local communities in the planning, implementation and monitoring process, following principles of Nagoya protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing.
