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Chemical structure of retinol, one of the major forms of Vitamin A
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Vitamin A and its derivative retinoic acid (13-cis RA, 9-cis RA, all-trans RA) and recent tamibarotene have been shown a broad variety of biological actives in human, such as vision, embryonic development, cell growth and cellular differentiation and immune function. These precise functions of RA are mediated by their retinoic acid receptors (RARs)...
Citations
... This oncogenic receptor derivative pml/RARa fusion act as a constitutive repressor of RAR and retinoic acid signaling, inducing differentiation blockade at promyelocytic stage, whereas pharmacologic retinoic acid (ATRA or cis RA) can bind to oncogenic pml/RARa, then relieve the blockage of pml/RARA repression (also derepression), and subsequently oncogenic pml/RARa degradation via autophagy or UPS proteosome system, immature promyelocytes toward maturation. Finally, APL patients obtained complete remission (CR) see the following figure [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Therefore, we cannot say that the drug retinoic acids stimulate (bind to) a pml/RARa oncogene. ...
... This is first described in eukaryotes. Moreover, this oncogenic receptor pml/RARa is locked in its "off" regular mode thereby constitutively repressing transcription of genes or key enzymes (for examples AP-1, PTEN, DAPK2, PU.1) that are critical for differentiation of hematopoietic cells [28][29][30][31][32]. Whether silencing of these RARE-responsive target genes such as myeloid transcription factors such as C/EBPa, PU.1 or other unknown key enzymes that are critical for neutrophil differentiation needs to be further identification and under investigation ( ...
... Thus, pml/RARa represses PAPK2/PU.1 -mediated transcription of myeloid genes in APL,linking a novel autophagy mechanism of pml/ RARA degradation [172]. [12,182]. ...
... An effect is to relieve the blockade of pml/RARa-mediated RA dependent promyelocytic differentiation and retinoic acid (9-cis RA, ATRA, Am80) in APL therapy Zhu G, March 1990-January 1991, revised in 2012). Here, RA can overcome the transcriptional repressor activity of pml/RARa [11,12,156,179,182]. The oncogenic pml/ RARa uncover a pathogenic role in leukemogenesis of APL through blocking promyelocytic differentiation. ...
Background and objective: Anemia is clinical common event. There are many types of anemias, which included stem cell problems, vitamin deficiency, chronic diseases and drug antibody -induced immune hemolytic anemia. In this study, a retrospective purpose was investigated to assess the clinical efficacy of treatment and their outcome. Methods: Total 40 patients with different types of anemias were presented in the second affiliated hospital of central south University, China and my tumor institute during 1989-2019. The therapeutically design among those patients with anemias was setted to the various regimen according to diseases diagnoses. Results and conclusion: Total 23 patients achieved cure or complete remission (CR), with the exception of refractory cancers and uremic anemia. Iron supplement was provided in 5 iron deficiency anemia. One megaloblastic anemia produced an excellent response following the supplement of vitamin B12 and folic acid. 2 aplastic anemia obtained complete remission with the integrated protocol of methyl testosterone, adenine, leucogen, and levamisol. Steroid hormone (e.g. prednisone) mixed traditional medicine were occasionally promising benefit in a nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency. Among 2 cases with drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA), laboratory studies one patient's serum contained paracetamol-dependent antibody that in the presence of paracetamol, agglutinated in-vitro with "O" red cells with or without complement. Drug antibody titer was 1:4 positive. Immune hemolysis was mediated by both the immune complex and uptake of drugs, whereas hemolysis induced by another native herb was caused by absorption of the drug only. In addition, with respect to anemia induced by malignancies, the molecular genomic regulation of retinoic acid in APL has been elucidated (see illustration in full text). Therefore, promoting effective prevention and / or early preventive treatment of anemia is our concern. Peer Review History: Received 5 March 2021; Revised 27 March; Accepted 23 April, Available online 15 May 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Similar Articles: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF HEPCIDIN, IRON STATUS AND MICRO-INFLAMMATION MARKERS AMONG HAEMODIALYSIS
Anemia is clinical common event. In this study,a retrospective study of 36 different types of anemias was place in proper interpretative review for their therapeutical outcome. By using comprehensive treatment regimen according to patients’ condition, 23 patients obtained cure or complete remission (CR), with the exception of refractory cancers and uremic anemia. Iron supplement was provided in 5 iron deficiency anemia. One megaloblastic anemia required the prescription of the supplement of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. 2 aplastic anemia obtained complete remission with the integrated protocol of methyltestosterone,adenine,leucogen,and levamisol. Steroid hormone (e.g. prednisone) mixed traditional medicine were occasionally promising benefit in a nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency. Among 2 cases with dug- induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA), laboratory studies a patient's serum contained paracetamol -dependent antibody that in the presence of paracetamol, agglutinated in vitro with "O" red cells with or without complement. Drug antibody titer was 1:4 positive. The reactive mechanism was attributed to both immune complex type and drug-adsorption, whereas another herba origanum vulgare- induced hemolysis secondary to drug adsorption only. In addition, regarding anemia caused by malignant tumours, the molecular genetic regulation of retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been further illustrated(see figure in full text). Therefore,to strengthen the active prevention and/or early interceptive treatment of anemia is our care.
