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Chemical structure of quercetin and mechanism of action of quercetin through different molecular targets resulting in apoptosis or stopping proliferation.
Source publication
Liposome-based delivery systems have been studied and used more frequently in recent years due to their advantages, such as low toxicity, specificity, and the ability to protect the encapsulated substance from environmental factors, which could otherwise degrade the active compound and reduce its effectiveness. Given these benefits, many researcher...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... most recent investigation reported that QC could inhibit the growth of different types of cancer cells, including colorectal, prostate, liver, pancreatic, breast, kidney, lung, and ovarian, via modulation of various cellular processes ( Figure 5). In addition, QC can exhibit selective cytotoxic activity toward cancer cells without producing adverse effects on normal cells [77]. ...
Similar publications
Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with numerous health benefits attributed to the phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN) that exerts antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, among other bioactive compounds. Broccoli sprouts, rich in SFN precursor glucoraphanin (GRN), have been investigated in numerous clinical trials. Broccoli microgreen...
Citations
... The implication is that sufficiently high dietary intake of these phytochemicals may affect the infection rate, course and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 more strongly than the other factors. Their efficacy against COVID-19 when consumed with the diet was independent of low bioavailability (79,80), environmental factors and enzymatic activity in the gastrointestinal tract, which are indicated as factors that potentially reduce the concentration of polyphenols and even cause partial or complete loss of their bioactivity (79). Thus, it appears that the pharmacological and molecular effects of dietary phytochemicals may be quite different from those of single compounds, due to complex complementary, additive or synergistic interactions between polyphenols and/or other classes of phytochemicals. ...
... The implication is that sufficiently high dietary intake of these phytochemicals may affect the infection rate, course and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 more strongly than the other factors. Their efficacy against COVID-19 when consumed with the diet was independent of low bioavailability (79,80), environmental factors and enzymatic activity in the gastrointestinal tract, which are indicated as factors that potentially reduce the concentration of polyphenols and even cause partial or complete loss of their bioactivity (79). Thus, it appears that the pharmacological and molecular effects of dietary phytochemicals may be quite different from those of single compounds, due to complex complementary, additive or synergistic interactions between polyphenols and/or other classes of phytochemicals. ...
Objectives
Devastating consequences of COVID-19 disease enhanced the role of promoting prevention-focused practices. Among targeted efforts, diet is regarded as one of the potential factors which can affect immune function and optimal nutrition is postulated as the method of augmentation of people’s viral resistance. As epidemiological evidence is scarce, the present study aimed to explore the association between dietary intake of total polyphenols, lignans and plant sterols and the abundance of immunomodulatory gut microbiota such as Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli and the risk of developing COVID-19 disease.
Methods
Demographic data, dietary habits, physical activity as well as the composition of body and gut microbiota were analyzed in a sample of 95 young healthy individuals. Dietary polyphenol, lignan and plant sterol intakes have been retrieved based on the amount of food consumed by the participants, the phytochemical content was assessed in laboratory analysis and using available databases.
Results
For all investigated polyphenols and phytosterols, except campesterol, every unit increase in the tertile of intake category was associated with a decrease in the odds of contracting COVID-19. The risk reduction ranged from several dozen percent to 70 %, depending on the individual plant-based chemical, and after controlling for basic covariates it was statistically significant for secoisolariciresinol (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.61), total phytosterols (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–0.95) and for stigmasterols (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.72). We found an inverse association between increased β-sitosterol intake and phytosterols in total and the occurrence of Escherichia coli in stool samples outside reference values, with 72% (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08–0.86) and 66% (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.10–1.08) reduced odds of abnormal level of bacteria for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of phytochemical consumption. Additionally, there was a trend of more frequent presence of Enterococcus spp. at relevant level in people with a higher intake of lariciresinol.
Conclusion
The beneficial effects of polyphenols and phytosterols should be emphasized and these plant-based compounds should be regarded in the context of their utility as antiviral agents preventing influenza-type infections.
... Liposomes are spherical vesicles made up of one or more concentric lipid bilayers and contain an aqueous space [45] . These phospholipid structures have the ability to encapsulate and protect hydrophilic substances, making them ideal for encapsulating anthocyanins. ...
... Caffeic acid (3,4-hydroxycinnamic acid) belongs to the phenolic acids, an essential polyphenols class [56][57][58]. Among the many properties of caffeic acid, in addition to its antibacterial activity, other important biological activities include antioxidant, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory [59][60][61][62]. Caffeic acid is also a well-known chelating agent that can improve the membrane adsorption capacity [63,64]. ...
Since the water pollution problem still affects the environmental system and human health, the need to develop innovative membranes has become imperious. Lately, researchers have focused on developing novel materials to help diminish the contamination problem. The aim of present research was to obtain innovative adsorbent composite membranes based on a biodegradable polymer, alginate, to remove toxic pollutants. Of all pollutants, lead was chosen due to its high toxicity. The composite membranes were successfully obtained through a direct casting method. The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and caffeic acid (CA) from the composite membranes were kept at low concentrations, which proved enough to bestow antimicrobial activity to the alginate membrane. The obtained composite membranes were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DSC). Swelling behaviour, lead ion (Pb2+) removal capacity, regeneration and reusability were also determined. Further, the antimicrobial activity was tested against selected pathogenic strains (S. aureus, E. faecalis sp., P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans). The presence of Ag NPs and CA improves the antimicrobial activity of the newly developed membranes. Overall, the composite membranes are suitable for complex water treatment (removal of heavy metal ions and antimicrobial treatment).
... The aforementioned results clearly prove that RT strongly interacts with DMPC liposomes, leading to the formation of an RT-liposome hybrid nanosystem. It is well known that liposomes can be widely used as nanocarriers of drugs [45,46], as well as different types of natural plant compounds, e.g., resveratrol, quercetin, fisetin, sylimarin [47], ulvan (polysaccharide from green seaweeds) [48], and curcumin [39]. Tannins are plant polyphenols that present strong antibacterial activity [49,50]. ...
Tannins are natural plant origin polyphenols that are promising compounds for pharmacological applications due to their strong and different biological activities, including antibacterial activity. Our previous studies demonstrated that sumac tannin, i.e., 3,6-bis-O-di-O-galloyl-1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (isolated from Rhus typhina L.), possesses strong antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains. One of the crucial factors of the pharmacological activity of tannins is their ability to interact with biomembranes, which may result in the penetration of these compounds into cells or the realization of their activity on the surface. The aim of the current work was to study the interactions of sumac tannin with liposomes as a simple model of the cellular membrane, which is widely used in studies focused on the explanation of the physicochemical nature of molecule–membrane interactions. Additionally, these lipid nanovesicles are very often investigated as nanocarriers for different types of biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics. In the frame of our study, using differential scanning calorimetry, zeta-potential, and fluorescence analysis, we have shown that 3,6-bis-O-di-O-galloyl-1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose interacts strongly with liposomes and can be encapsulated inside them. A formulated sumac–liposome hybrid nanocomplex demonstrated much stronger antibacterial activity in comparison with pure tannin. Overall, by using the high affinity of sumac tannin to liposomes, new, functional nanobiomaterials with strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains, such as S. aureus, S. epidermitis, and B. cereus, can be formulated.
... Liposomes are biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, targeted, and easily functionalized [17]. Liposomes, despite all "their" good properties, had low stability and are easily effected by environmental conditions due to fast hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids [18]. The coating of liposomes provides a solution to their low stability problem and preserves the physical and chemical properties of liposomes and can change charge, size, and morphology [19]. ...
Galangin is a natural flavonol with high antioxidant properties and has a wide range characteristics of biological activity spectrum. Galangin has low solubility, permeability, and bioavailability, limiting its therapeutic use like many flavonoids. In this study, nano-sized polyelectrolyte liposomes were developed and characterized to overcome the properties that limit the use of galangin. The various parameters (phospholipid/solvent ratio, cholesterol/solvent ratio, time and galangin/solvent ratio) were optimized with a response surface methodology-central composite design to develop liposomes with maximum encapsulation efficiency using the thin-film hydration method. An optimum liposome formulation was developed with 93.77 ± 0.05% encapsulation efficiency, a spherical large unilamellar vesicle with a size of 485.5 ± 128.41 nm, and a zeta potential of − 48 ± 7 mV. The optimum liposome formulation was coated with polyelectrolyte biopolymer chitosan (CH) and gum arabic (GUA) using the layer-by-layer deposition method to improve its stability and drug release profile. The CH-liposome has a size of 208.05 ± 73.04 nm and a zeta potential of + 40 ± 5 mV. The GUA-CH-liposome has a size of 266.60 ± 8.49 nm and a zeta potential of − 6 mV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that galangin was encapsulated without disturbing the liposome structure and the polyelectrolyte coated the surface with electrostatic interaction. At the end of the in vitro release study, GUA-CH-liposome released 23.84% of galangin. Regarding stability, drug loading capacity of GUA-CH-liposome, which was 93.77 ± 0.05% on day 0, changed to 92.72 ± 0.51% at + 4 °C, 93.09 ± 0.01% at room temperature and 93.15 ± 0.01% at − 24 °C on day 28.
... Furthermore, bioactivity is decreased in vivo in the gastrointestinal tract by enzymes or low pH [134]. Various methodologies have been evaluated in order to maintain stability, bioactivity, and bioavailability of active ingredients, of which encapsulation technologies at the micro-and nanoscales have been reported highly efficient [135,136]. Encapsulation of the polyphenols has a beneficial influence on their shelf life and bioaccessibility. Different matrices have been utilized to protect the polyphenols from digestion, and these matrices also have the benefits of contributing to controlled release properties, which might lead to improved bioavailability [136]. ...
Polyphenols are plant-based compounds famous for their positive impact on both human health and the quality of food products. The benefits of polyphenols are related to reducing cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol management, cancers, and neurological disorders in humans and increasing the shelf life, management of oxidation, and anti-microbial activity in food products. The bioavailability and bio-accessibility of polyphenols are of the highest importance to secure their impact on human and food health. This paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art approaches on how polyphenols can be made more accessible in food products to contribute to human health. For example, by using food processing methods including various technologies, such as chemical and biotechnological treatments. Food matrix design and simulation procedures, in combination with encapsulation of fractionated polyphenols utilizing enzymatic and fermentation methodology, may be the future technologies to tailor specific food products with the ability to ensure polyphenol release and availability in the most suitable parts of the human body (bowl, intestine, etc.). The development of such new procedures for utilizing polyphenols, combining novel methodologies with traditional food processing technologies, has the potential to contribute enormous benefits to the food industry and health sector, not only reducing food waste and food-borne illnesses but also to sustain human health.
... Furthermore, bioactivity is decreased in vivo in the gastrointestinal tract by enzymes or low pH [134]. Various methodologies have been evaluated in order to maintain stability, bioactivity, and bioavailability of active ingredients, of which encapsulation technologies at the micro-and nanoscales have been reported highly efficient [135,136]. Encapsulation of the polyphenols has a beneficial influence on their shelf life and bioaccessibility. Different matrices have been utilized to protect the polyphenols from digestion, and these matrices also have the benefits of contributing to controlled release properties, which might lead to improved bioavailability [136]. ...
... 7 Besides their antioxidant properties, polyphenols possess antiinflammatory, antitumor, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity activities. 8 They have also been shown to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and DNA damage, and to have antithrombotic and antimicrobial effects. 7 Other activities include the modulation of cholesterol levels, anti-epileptic effects, inhibition of adipogenesis, and effects on glutamate metabolism. ...
Introduction
Herbal products have been widely used for the treatment of diseases throughout the ages. In this research, we investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of five ethnomedicinally important plants; namely, Alnus nepalensis, Dryopteris sparsa, Artocarpus lacucha, Litsea monopetala, and Lyonia ovalifolia.
Methods
We investigated the DPPH free radical scavenging potential, sensitivity of selected bacterial strains towards the extracts using a disc diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW-264.7 cells, and anti-adipogenic activity by the ORO assay in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
Results and discussion
The extract of A. nepalensis showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50=4.838 µg/mL), followed by A. lacucha, L. monopetala, and L. ovalifolia, exhibiting comparable IC50 values to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=5.063 µg/mL). Alnus nepalensis also showed good antibacterial activity in disc diffusion methods, with remarkable zones of inhibition in A. baumannii (14.66 mm) and P. mirabilis (15.50 mm) bacterial species. In addition, A. nepalensis was found to increase adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, evidenced by increased lipid deposition in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. A similar pattern of increased adipogenesis was observed on treatment with L. ovalifolia extracts. On the other hand, A. lacucha effectively reduced lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 cells at 100 µg/mL (75.18±6.42%) by inhibiting adipogenesis, showing its potential use in the management of obesity. Furthermore, A. lacucha 100 µg/mL (15.91±0.277 µM) and L. monopetala 75 µg/mL (12.52±0.05 µM) and 100 µg/mL (11.77±0.33 µM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, A. nepalensis and L. ovalifolia inhibited NO production significantly, endorsing their anti-inflammatory potential.
Conclusion
The findings from these in-vitro studies suggest that the selected five plants possess remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study opens the door to conduct further advanced in-vivo experiments to find possible lead compounds for the development of valuable therapeutic agents for common health problems.
... Several strategies have been developed over the years in order to improve the polyphenols' pharmacokinetic profile. These include the preparation of new analogs and drug delivery systems such as emulsions and liposomes that could improve their solubility and prolong their residence time in plasma [78][79][80]. ...
Various literature data show how a diet rich in vegetables could reduce the incidence of several cancers due to the contribution of the natural polyphenols contained in them. Polyphenols are attributed multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, cardioprotective and even anti-tumor properties. The multiple mechanisms involved in their anti-tumor action include signaling pathways modulation associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell death. Since the dysregulation of death processes is involved in cancer etiopathology, the natural compounds able to kill cancer cells could be used as new anticancer agents. Apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death, is the most potent defense against cancer and the main mechanism used by both chemotherapy agents and polyphenols. The aim of this review is to provide an update of literature data on the apoptotic molecular mechanisms induced by some representative polyphenol family members in cancer cells. This aspect is particularly important because it may be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies against cancer involving the polyphenols as adjuvants.
... The literature makes available a substantial amount of recent works using liposomes and its derivatives as polyphenols carriers, both for general anticancer approaches [154,155] and for melanoma adjuvant therapy [156,157]. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been applied to increase the physicochemical stability of both incorporated polyphenols and particulate systems for transcutaneous delivery. Comparing to liposomes, these lipid nanocarriers provide better protection of encapsulated polyphenols from enzymatic degradation, while preventing transepidermal water loss and controlling the release profile of polyphenols. ...
