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Recently, there has been increased interest in the development of novel antimicrobial compounds for utilization in a variety of sectors, including pharmaceutical , biomedical, textile, and food. The use, overuse, and misuse of synthetic compounds or derivatives have led to an increase of pathogenic microorganisms gaining resistance to the tradition...
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... Similarly, Gomes et al. (2022) stated that seaweed includes a diverse range of natural bioactive components and notable antibacterial activity with favorable effects against fish infection; they increased different humoral immune responses to prevent O. niloticus from bacterial infection. Moreover, Srinivasan et al. (2017) showed that dietary supplementation with magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles improved the survival and growth of the freshwater prawn macrobrachium. ...
... Structural characterization is an essential aspect of drug development. Techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, vibrational spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy are employed to determine the chemical structures of the bioactive compounds [114,115]. This characterization provides valuable insights into the molecular properties, functional groups, and potential biological activities of the compounds, aiding in their further evaluation and potential application in drug manufacturing [116]. ...
... For instance, seaweed polysaccharides have demonstrated immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, making them potential candidates for antiviral drug development [117,118]. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide found in brown seaweeds, has shown promise as an anticancer agent [115]. Other bioactive compounds, such as phlorotannins and peptides, have displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting their potential use in pharmaceutical formulations [115,119]. ...
... Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide found in brown seaweeds, has shown promise as an anticancer agent [115]. Other bioactive compounds, such as phlorotannins and peptides, have displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting their potential use in pharmaceutical formulations [115,119]. ...
The environmental impact of drug manufacturing raises concerns about sustainability in healthcare. To address this, exploring alternative approaches to drug production is crucial. This review focuses on seaweed as a sustainable resource for greening drug manufacturing processes. Seaweed offers advantages such as renewability, abundance, and a positive environmental footprint. The review begins by providing an overview of sustainable drug manufacturing practices and the challenges faced in achieving sustainability. It then discusses seaweed as a sustainable resource, including cultivation techniques and environmental benefits. Seaweed has various applications in drug manufacturing, including extracting and purifying bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic properties. Seaweed’s role in developing green technologies, such as seaweed-based excipients, biodegradable packaging materials, and as a source of sustainable energy for drug manufacturing processes, is highlighted. The environmental and economic implications of incorporating seaweed-based solutions are discussed, emphasizing reduced carbon footprint and cost-effectiveness. Regulatory and industrial perspectives are addressed, examining challenges, and opportunities for implementing seaweed-based drug manufacturing. Collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory bodies is crucial for successful integration. The review presents future directions and opportunities, including emerging trends and innovations in seaweed-based drug manufacturing, areas for further research, policy development, and industry engagement recommendations. Incorporating seaweed into drug production facilitates a reduction in environmental impact, promotes resource efficiency, and contributes to sustainable healthcare. This review showcases seaweed-based solutions as a means to foster a greener future for drug manufacturing, addressing environmental concerns, and promoting sustainability.
... However, knowledge about the antimicrobial activities of certain components of such pigments remains scarce, although seaweeds produce a wide range of pigments. Studies about these pigments have mostly focused on their antioxidant potential [6,[17][18][19][20]. A few studies highlight the antibacterial properties of carotenoids, particularly the action of fucoxanthin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [6,[21][22][23]. ...
... Studies about these pigments have mostly focused on their antioxidant potential [6,[17][18][19][20]. A few studies highlight the antibacterial properties of carotenoids, particularly the action of fucoxanthin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [6,[21][22][23]. It has also been shown that lutein has anti-viral properties against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) [24,25]. ...
... Although considered an important raw source of pigments with various bioactivities, there is no information relative to the antifungal potential of the seaweed pigments [6]. Therefore, this study demonstrates that seaweed pigments and pigment-enriched extracts can be a key to finding new antifungal natural solutions. ...
Seaweeds have been explored as a natural resource of compounds of interest due to their bioactivities. Although many studies report the interest and the application of seaweeds in various areas, from food or human health to the economy, these data mostly focus on raw extracts and not on specific compounds, such as seaweed pigments. Fungal infections of the skin, nails, and hair caused by dermatophytes are the most common fungal infections worldwide. These pathologies require long periods of topical and/or systemic treatment associated with adverse effects and increased antifungal resistance. So, this study had two objectives: the first was to isolate and characterize the pigments of the seaweeds Calliblepharis jubata and Fucus vesiculosus; the second was to assess their antifungal activity. The extraction of pigments was performed using a method of extraction by exhaustion, and the purification was achieved via column chromatography. Three techniques were used to characterize the pigments: thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV–visible spectrophotometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antifungal activity against the three most common dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum canis, was evaluated using a microdilution methodology, following the EUCAST international standards. It was possible to observe that the extracts obtained from the seaweed C. jubata, corresponding to the purified pigment phycobiliprotein, and the crude extract (an enriched extract) showed antifungal activity against the three fungal agents of human skin infection.
... Monostroma spp. contain several bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and levoglucosan (Gordillo et al. 2006;Seedevi et al. 2015;Tsubaki et al. 2016;Liu et al. 2018a;Saco et al. 2018;Song et al. 2021;Gomes et al. 2022;Kaur et al. 2023). The amount of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b found in Monostroma is comparable to that found in terrestrial plants (Choudhary et al. 2021) and is responsible for their specific green colour. ...
... Monostroma latissimum contained RS, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and flavonoids Kumar et al. 2014;Wang et al. 2014;Tsubaki et al. 2016;Saco et al. 2018). Additionally, M. oxyspermum contained sulfated polysaccharides (Seedevi et al. 2015) and M. grevillei contained polyphenols (Gomes et al. 2022). ...
Green seaweeds, particularly species of the genus Monostroma, have gained recognition for their health-promoting potential, attributed to their rich content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins, and macro- and micronutrients, all of which show a wide range of bioactive properties. This review encompasses a total of 72 articles, selected in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The compounds present in Monostroma spp., in addition to their nutritional and chemical compounds, are associated with a number of health-promoting activities. However, it is notable that among the literature reviewed for bio-functionalities, a considerable proportion of studies were conducted in vitro (66%), followed by in vivo studies (29%), with clinical trials accounting for a much smaller fraction (5%). The mechanisms underlying the health-beneficial effects in biological systems require further in-depth exploration and characterization to facilitate future translational research leading to clinical trials. These clinical trials are an essential step in advancing seaweed-based functional food ingredients into the industrial realm. As of now, research focusing on bioactive compounds derived from Monostroma is relatively scarce. This review serves as a resource, offering insights into the nutritional and functional properties of Monostroma species. It can be a valuable tool for food scientists and engineers as they embark on future research involving Monostroma and the development of seaweed-based food and nutraceutical products.
... Recently, there is an increasing interest in natural antioxidants due to the safety and toxicity problems of synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) that are commonly used in lipidcontaining food (Lourenco et al., 2019). It was identified that antioxidants in seaweeds are due to the presence of some pigments such as fucoxantin, astaxantin, carotenoid and etc., and polyphenols such as phenolic acid, flavonoid, tannins, etc. (Gomes et al., 2022). In this study, three different types of seaweeds were studied for their antioxidant properties by subjecting them to total phenolic content (TPC), diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assay. ...
Sabah is the main seaweed producer in Malaysia especially red seaweeds which are commercially cultivated for the production of food gum known as carrageenan. Seaweeds are also high in phytochemical such as antioxidant compounds. Three seaweeds species from the Semporna Seawater, Sabah, namely Kappaphycus alvarezii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum were chosen for this study for the analysis of their antioxidant activities. K. alvarezii species is commercially cultivated whereas the other two (C. lentillifera and S. polycystum) are wild species. All seaweeds species underwent drying process in a cabinet dryer prior to the analyses. Six types of solvents which were water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane were used for the extraction process. Every concentrated, extracted solutions were then measured for their antioxidant activities based on total phenolic content (TPC), diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Results showed that TPC of S. polycystum was significantly higher (p<0.05) than K. alvarezii but not significantly different (P>0.05) from C. lentillifera. Even though the extraction yield of water was the highest, but the greatest antioxidant activity values were seen in methanolic extraction in comparison to the other solvents in TPC, DPPH and FRAP. This indicated that most of the antioxidant compounds in all the three seaweed samples are polar. However, high antioxidant activity in terms of β-carotene bleaching assay were seen in other solvent extractions, which were chloroform, hexane and ethyl acetate. This indicated that seaweed also contain non-polar antioxidant compounds such as β-carotene. Overall, the best extraction method of antioxidant compounds in seaweed samples was using methanol as the extractant.
... In addition to stimulating cell migration and proliferation, these nutrients might directly induce antiinflammatory effects. Moreover, phenols are a covalent constituent and a secondary metabolite [43]. Depending on the number of substituents, phenolic compounds can be covalently integrated into basic phenolic compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phlorotannins, and bromophenols [44]. ...
The immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (carrageenan, xylan) from Chondrus crispus (CC), Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis (AD), Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii (SG) and Palmaria palmata (PP) algal species were studied. Using RAW264.7 macrophages, we investigated the proliferation and migration capacity of different extracts along with their immunomodulatory activities, including nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Polysaccharides from C. crispus and S. gaudichaudii effectively mitigated inflammation and improved scratch-wound healing. Polysaccharide fractions extracted under cold conditions (25 °C), including CC-1A, SG-1A and SG-1B stimulated cell proliferation, while fractions extracted under hot conditions (95 °C), including CC-3A, CC-2B and A. devoniensis (AD-3A), inhibited cell proliferation after 48 h. Furthermore, RAW264.7 cells treated with the fractions CC-3A, AD-1A, and SG-2A significantly reduced LPS-stimulated NO secretion over 24 h. Phagocytosis was significantly improved by treatment with C. crispus (CC-2B, CC-3B) and A. devoniensis (AD-3A) fractions. RAW264.7 cells treated with the CC-2A and SG-1A fractions showed elevated TGF-β1 expression without affecting TNF-α expression at 24 h. Polysaccharide fractions of A. devoniensis (ι/κ hybrid carrageenan; AD-2A, AD-3A) showed the highest anti-coagulation activity. CC-2A and SG-1A fractions enhanced various bioactivities, suggesting they are candidates for skin-health applications. The carrageenan fractions (CC-3A: λ-, μ-carrageenan, SG-2A: ν-, ι-carrageenan) tested herein showed great potential for developing anti-inflammatory and upscaled skin-health applications.
... α-Carotene is mainly found in Rhodophyta, while it is almost absent in Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta [37]. β-Carotene is found in all groups (Table 1) but is the most abundant in Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta, whereas it is found in smaller concentrations in Rhodophyta [39]. ...
... Phycobilins, also called phycobiliproteins (PBPs), are accessory photosynthetic pigments [44], highly colored and water-soluble proteins [35,38]. PBPs have been widely used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical sectors due to their characteristics, such as antioxidant capabilities and free-radical activities [39]. Another application of extracted phycobilins concerns nutraceutical potentials, which have been described as having anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, and liver-protecting properties [33,45]. ...
Seaweed are organisms rich in many bioactive compounds such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, fibers, essential
amino acids, pigments, and fatty acids, which give them extraordinary antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. Seaweed could potentially
contribute to future global security in functional foods and nutraceuticals and could be an important compound
in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries in drug development, among other uses. This review focuses
on the gastronomic point of view and discusses the compositional and nutritional characteristics, topics
related to consumption, current applications and technologies, limitations and challenges in production, and
market developments in this rising market.
... In fact, textile surfaces such as curtains and upholstery have been found to be contaminated over time in healthcare settings and host pathogens for up to 90 days [9]. To mitigate these risks, textiles utilizing new biocidal treatments are developed by many researchers, utilizing, for example, metallic nanoparticles, plasma treatments [10], new organic biocidal substances [11], and their combinations with inorganic nanoparticles [12]. However, new biocides have to comply with relevant regulations [13]; thus, their application in the near future is limited to prototypes. ...
In this work, an in situ study is presented of the impact of textile materials used in healthcare facilities on microbial colonization of textile surfaces. The available literature describes antimicrobial active textiles and their effectiveness in laboratory conditions. However, the quantification of the impact on the microbiome of healthcare facilities has not been investigated so far. Polypropylene yarns doped with silver phosphate glass and zinc pyrithione were prepared and used for the production of bed sheets and clothing for healthcare personnel. Subsequently, measurements of airborne particles and viable microorganisms on given textiles were conducted in a private surgery clinic for 3 weeks, comparing the counts of viable microorganisms before and after replacing staff clothing and bedding on examination and the surgical bed with said polypropylene cloth. A significant reduction in airborne particles and viable microorganisms was expected based on previous studies on the use of polypropylene textiles in operating rooms. In this study, a significant reduction in viable airborne fungi and viable microorganisms on monitored textiles was observed by multiple methods. However, the effect on airborne microorganisms seems insignificant in areas with frequent patient traffic. The textile described here represents a new additional way of protecting patients and medical personnel from healthcare-associated infections while using a modification of proven production procedures and commercially usable materials without legislative restrictions.
... The seaweeds can be divided into three phyla and the principal characteristic responsible to that division are the different pigments that they possess (Table 1). Chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids and phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are the three main categories of pigments [5][6][7][8][9]. Calliblepharis jubata is a benthic seaweed, which belongs to phylum Rhodophyta, class Florideophyceae, genus Calliblepharis Kützing, species Calliblepharis jubata (Goodenough & Woodward) Kützing [11]. ...
... However, knowledge about the antimicrobial activities of certain components of such pigments remain scarce, although seaweeds produce a wide range of pigments. Studies about these pigments have mostly focused on their 3 antioxidant potential [6,[17][18][19][20]. A few studies highlight the antibacterial properties of carotenoids particularly the action of fucoxanthin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [6,[21][22][23]. ...
... Studies about these pigments have mostly focused on their 3 antioxidant potential [6,[17][18][19][20]. A few studies highlight the antibacterial properties of carotenoids particularly the action of fucoxanthin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [6,[21][22][23]. It has also been shown that lutein has antiviral properties against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) [24,25]. ...
Seaweeds have been the target of much attention due to the known bioactivities of some of their compounds. Although many studies about the application of seaweeds in various areas are available, these data are mostly about the raw extracts and not about specific compounds, such as seaweeds pigments.
Moreover, the fungal infections of the skin, nails and hair caused by dermatophytes, are the most common fungal infections in humans. These pathologies require long periods of topical and/or systemic treatment that are associated with adverse effects and contraindications. This study had two objectives, the first was to
evaluate the possibility of isolating and characterizing the pigments of Calliblepharis jubata and Fucus vesiculosus;
the second was to assess their antifungal activity. The extraction of pigments was performed using a method of extraction by exhaustion; the purification was carried out by column chromatography. Three techniques were used to characterize the pigments, thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV-visible spectrophotometry and
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution method, following the EUCAST international standards, on three dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. It was possible to observe that the extract obtained from the seaweed C. jubata and F. vesiculosus, corresponding to the purified pigment phycobiliprotein, and the crude extract, an enriched extract, obtained from the seaweed C. jubata showed antifungal activity against the three fungal agents of human skin infection.
... In certain aquatic ecosystems, algae act as primary producers, as they synthesize organic material and oxygen for the metabolism of consumer organisms [38]. As they are species that live in extreme environments and with variations in the different factors, they need a rapid readaptation to the changes that occur, producing primary metabolites (proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides and fatty acids) that act as stress deterrents, and secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds, pigments, vitamins and other bioactive compounds) as a response to the changes that occur in the environment [39]. ...
The number of people with gluten-related illnesses has been increasing and the available treatments include the introduction of a gluten-free diet. In the bakery industry, there are problems with gluten-free products, namely the important characteristics that this component gives to doughs and the low nutritional value they present. A disease that has also increased in recent years is diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by a lack of insulin and the effectiveness of its action (type 1 diabetes) or tissue insensitivity to the hormone (type 2 diabetes). In terms of treatments, there are several approaches: inhibition of digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) or techniques based on mechanisms of action (stimulation of insulin production and release, insulin transport and decreased glucose absorption). Hyperglycemia is also associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to cell apoptosis. On the other hand, there was also an association with high levels of cholesterol in the body, which contributed to the development of other types of diseases. In this sense, macroalgae have been studied as a source of natural compounds and used as food supplements, due to their protein, amino acid and mineral content, and the anti-diabetic effect in controlling the glycemic index, oxidative stress and cholesterol have already been demonstrated. Seaweed emerges as a promising source of bioactive nutraceuticals for individuals with coeliac disease, diabetes, and hyperglycemia. The rising prevalence of gluten-related illnesses calls for effective treatments, and seaweed's potential in enhancing the nutritional value of gluten-free products is noteworthy. Additionally, its demonstrated anti-diabetic effects, including glycemic index control, oxidative stress reduction, and cholesterol management, make it a valuable dietary supplement. Further research is needed to explore the specific bioactivities of seaweed compounds and their mechanisms of action. Integrating seaweed-based nutraceuticals into diets could complement traditional treatments, offering potential health benefits to those with coeliac disease and diabetes.
