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Chemical structure of ginsenoside F1, F2 and F4. (A) Ginsenoside F1, a protopanaxatriol, isolated from the Korean Red Ginseng. (B) Ginsenoside F2, a protopanaxdiol, isolated from the Korean Red Ginseng. (C) Ginsenoside F4, a protopanaxatriol, isolated from the Korean Red Ginseng. Glc, glucose; Rha, rhamnose
Source publication
![Fig. 3 Inhibitory effects of G-F4 on [Ca 2 + ] i mobilization, influx...](publication/332228536/figure/fig3/AS:744328825667587@1554473229987/nhibitory-effects-of-G-F4-on-Ca-2-i-mobilization-influx-and-IP-3-RI_Q320.jpg)
The root of Panax ginseng is used in ethnomedicine throughout eastern Asia and various recent studies have proved that Panax ginseng has inhibitory effects on cardiovascular disease. Each factor causing cardiovascular disease is known to have a very complex process which is achieved by a diverse number of mechanisms. Among these factors, platelets...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... method. Ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1 are major components of white and red ginseng, while unique ginsenoside constituents such as Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, and F4 are found specifically from red ginseng [12]. Ginsenoside F4 (G-F4) is a protopanaxatriol group which has two sugar residues, glucoserhamnose, connected with the position of carbon-6 ( Fig. 1) [12,13]. It has been reported that G-F4 has an inhibitory effect on human lymphocytoma JK cells by inducing apoptosis [14], and it is able to block cartilage breakdown in rabbit cartilage tissue culture [15]. However, a study for the effect on platelets by G-F4 has yet to be investigated. Therefore, we characterized the modulatory ...
Citations
... The human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was procured from Korean Red Cross Blood Center (Suwon, Korea), and study protocols were approved by the Public Institutional Review Board at the National Institute for Bioethics Policy (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (PIRB-P01-201,812-31-007). The PRP was centrifuged for 10 min at 1300 g, and pellet was washed twice using washing buffer (pH 6.5) and re-suspended them with suspension buffer (pH 6.9) according to the previous research [13]. All procedures were performed at room temperature. ...
Cudrania tricuspidata ( C. tricuspidata ) is widespread throughout Asia and has known to have various physiological activities such as, inflammation, diabetes, obesity and tumor. Cudrania tricuspidata , a rich source of xanthones and flavonoids, have been investigated phytochemically and biologically. However, research of these compounds on platelets is limited. Therefore, we searched for a new substance from various xanthones and flavonoids in C. tricuspidata . We confirmed the results that steppogenin and isoderrone suppress human platelets among the various components isolated from C. tricuspidata , and as a result of analyzing the antiplatelet effect using additional new samples, we found that cudraxanthone B (CXB) has the effect of suppressing human platelets. Therefore, we studied the potential efficacies of CXB on human platelet aggregation and its inhibitory mechanism. Inhibitory effects of CXB on platelet aggregation were assessed using washed platelets, followed by measurement of [Ca ²⁺ ] i mobilization and dense granule release, fibrinogen binding, fibronectin adhesion assay, and clot retraction. Our data showed that CXB suppressed collagen-induced human platelet aggregation, [Ca ²⁺ ] i mobilization, fibrinogen binding, fibronectin adhesion and clot retraction without cytotoxicity. Thus, our results show that inhibitory effects of CXB on human platelet activation and thrombus formation, suggesting its potential use as a natural substance for preventing platelet-induced thrombosis.
... All experiments were approved by the Catholic Kwandong University Institutional Review Board (CKU-20-01-0109). The platelet suspension was adjusted to a concentration of 5 × 10 8 /mL cells/mL according to a previous study [16]. ...
Physiological agonists trigger signaling cascades, called “inside-out signaling”, and activated platelets facilitate adhesion, shape change, granule release, and structural change of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β3). Activated αIIb/β3 interacts with fibrinogen and begins second signaling cascades called “outside-in signaling”. These two signaling pathways can lead to hemostasis or thrombosis. Thrombosis can occur in arterial and venous blood vessels and is a major medical problem. Platelet-mediated thrombosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, controlling platelet activity is important for platelet-mediated thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, focus on Morus Alba Linn, a popular medicinal plant, to inhibit the function of platelets and found the containing component mulberroside C. We examine the effect of mulberroside C on the regulation of phosphoproteins, platelet-activating factors, and binding molecules. Agonist-induced human platelet aggregation is dose-dependently inhibited by mulberroside C without cytotoxicity, and it decreased Ca2+ mobilization and p-selectin expression through the upregulation of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (Ser1756), and downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In addition, mulberroside C inhibited thromboxane A2 production, fibrinogen binding, and clot retraction. Our results show antiplatelet effects and antithrombus formation of mulberroside C in human platelets. Thus, we confirm that mulberroside C could be a potential phytochemical for the prevention of thrombosis-mediated CVDs.
... Center (Suwon, Korea) supplied human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for research, and study protocols were approved by the Public Institutional Review Board at the National Institute for Bioethics Policy (PIRB-P01-201812-31-007, Seoul, Republic of Korea). e platelets in suspension were adjusted to 5 × 10 8 /mL concentration according to the previous research [16,17]. ...
Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata) is widespread throughout East Asia and in China and Korea, and it is widely used as a traditional remedy against eczema, mumps, and tuberculosis. With regard to the aforementioned medical efficacy, various studies are continuously being conducted, and it has been reported that C. tricuspidata extract has various actions against inflammation, diabetes, obesity, and tumors. Therefore, we evaluated antiplatelet effects using derrone in C. tricuspidata. We examined the effect of derrone on the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (IP3RI), and on the dephosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 (p38MAPK), and Akt, which affects platelet function and thrombus formation. Various agonists-induced human platelets were inhibited by derrone without cytotoxicity, and it also decreased the intracellular calcium level through the signaling molecule phosphorylations. In addition, derrone inhibited glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β3) affinity. Thus, in the present study, derrone suppressed human platelet aggregation and thrombin-induced clot formation.
... Korean Red Cross Blood Center (Suwon, Korea) supplied human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for research, and study protocols were approved by the Public Institutional Review Board at the National Institute for Bioethics Policy (PIRB-P01-201812-31-007, Seoul, Republic of Korea). The suspension of platelets was adjusted to 5 × 10 8 /mL concentration according to the previous research [17,18]. ...
Background
The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are becoming a critical threat to our lives in these years. It is now widely accepted that platelets play an important role in cardiovascular disease as they have a fundamental role in thrombosis. Therefore, many drugs or natural substances have been developed to treat CVDs. Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata) is a regional plant containing various flavonoids and xanthones, and various physiological activities have been reported. Therefore, we evaluated antiplatelet effects using artocarpesin isolated from C. tricuspidata.
Methods
The in vitro effects of artocarpesin on platelets was assessed using measurement of calcium mobilization and serotonin release, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation, clot retraction and phosphorylation of signaling molecules.
Results
Artocarpesin inhibited human platelet aggregation, calcium mobilization, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation and thrombin-induced clot retraction through the regulation of associated signaling molecules such as vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (IP3RI), and on the dephosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, JNK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt.
Conclusions
This study highlights that artocarpesin has inhibitory effects on platelet activities and thrombus formation and has potential value for preventing platelet-induced cardiovascular diseases.
... The human platelet-rich plasma was procured from the Korean Red Cross Blood Center (Suwon, Korea), and study protocols were approved by the Public Institutional Review Board at the National Institute for Bioethics Policy (Seoul, Republic of Korea; PIRB-P01-201812-31-007). The platelet-rich plasma was centrifuged for 10 min at 1300×g and the pellet was washed twice using washing buffer (pH 6.5) and re-suspended in suspension buffer (pH 6.9) at room temperature according to the protocol published in a previous study [10]. The platelet suspension concentration was adjusted to 5×10 8 /mL. ...
... Korean Red Cross Blood Source (Suwon, Korea) supplied Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The human washed platelets were prepared according to the previously performed method [15]. To obtain the concentrate platelets, PRP was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1,300× g and washed with buffer (12 mM NaHCO 3 , 2.7 mM KCl, 0.36 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 138 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na 2 EDTA, 5. mM glucose, and pH 6.9). ...
... The Korean Red Cross Blood Center (Suwon, Korea) provided the human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Washed platelets were prepared according to the method performed previously [22]. Platelet was obtained by centrifuging PRP at 1,300× g for 10 minutes, which was then washed two times with a wash buffer (138 mM NaCl, 12 mM NaHCO 3 , 0.36 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 2.7 mM KCl, 5.5 mM glucose and 1 mM Na 2 EDTA, pH 6.9). ...
... Korean Red Cross Blood Center (Suwon, Korea) provided human platelet rich plasma (PRP). Washed platelets were prepared according to the previously published method [14]. PRP was centrifuged for 10 min at 1,300× g to obtain platelets, which were washed twice with wash buffer (138 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 12 mM NaHCO 3 , 0.36 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 5.5 mM glucose, and 1 mM Na 2 EDTA, pH 6.9). ...
Thrombotic disorders, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, are the leading cause of death in the global population and have become a health problem worldwide. Drug therapy is one of the main antithrombotic strategies, but antithrombotic drugs are not completely safe, especially the risk of bleeding at therapeutic doses. Recently, natural products have received widespread interest due to their significant efficacy and high safety, and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated their antithrombotic activity. In this review, articles from databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were filtered and the relevant information was extracted according to predefined criteria. As a result, more than 100 natural products with significant antithrombotic activity were identified, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, quinones, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. These compounds exert antithrombotic effects by inhibiting platelet activation, suppressing the coagulation cascade, and promoting fibrinolysis. In addition, several natural products also inhibit thrombosis by regulating miRNA expression, anti‐inflammatory, and other pathways. This review systematically summarizes the natural products with antithrombotic activity, including their therapeutic effects, mechanisms, and clinical applications, aiming to provide a reference for the development of new antithrombotic drugs.
