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In this paper, application of an adsorbent, Eucalyptus leaves, in Methyl Violet (MV) dye removal from aqueous solution was studied in a batch system. The effective parameters on the adsorption such as the amount of adsorbent, pH, adsorbent particles size, dye concentration, contact time and temperature were investigated and optimized. Kinetics data...
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In this study, a simple chemical modification was applied to a sustainable and abundantly available resource, kangkong root (KR), to remove methyl violet 2B (MV) dye. The chemically modified adsorbent (NaOH-KR) was obtained using NaOH solution treatment. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, ionic strength,...
Citations
... The solutions have the least adsorption percentage in RO and negligible change in adsorption percentage with tube well wastewater. A similar analysis has been shown in previously reported work, where eucalyptus leaves are used as adsorbent for removing methyl violet (Nooraee Nia et al., 2017). ...
Chili stalk powder (CS), a non-conventional adsorbent, has been exercised for facile removal of cationic dyes from simulated and wastewater by batch technique. The prepared material has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), powder X-ray diffraction (powder XRD), and pHZPC and tested best with methylene blue and crystal violet under ambient conditions. FTIR denotes the presence of carbonyl and polyphenolic groups, responsible for dye adsorption. BET surface area analysis evaluates the porous nature and specific surface area of the material, and powder XRD confirms its amorphous nature. The porous structure could be ascertained from the FESEM image, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) confirms the elemental composition. The pH above pHzpc shows an increase in removal efficiency. The maximum adsorption capacities are 49.53 and 36.88 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) respectively. Linear as well as non-linear plots for kinetic and isotherm models were studied. Both dye uptake fits the linear plot of Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R² = 0.999 and 0.995) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.998 and 0.999). In the non-linear plot, the adsorption process for both dyes fit Langmuir (R² = 0.999 for MB and R² = 0.983 for CV) as well as Freundlich adsorption (R² = 0.999 for MB and R² = 0.994 for CV). 75.48% crystal violet (CV) and 73.35% methylene blue (MB) regeneration were successful in 1:1 methanol medium and reused for up to three cycles. The uptake mechanism is suggested to be a union of π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction, and weak hydrogen bonding. The material was tested with industrial effluent to prove its application in real wastewater treatment. Moreover, the material shows superior adsorption capacity than contemporary phytosorbents. To conclude, a zero-cost adsorbent using green chili stalk has been demonstrated for wastewater treatment.
... Dye adsorption from contaminated waters [11] Rice straw Delignification for bioethanol production [12] Agro-forestry biomass waste Ethylene glycol production (direct catalytic conversion) [13] Sugarcane bagasse waste Nanocellulose extraction for food-packaging products (biofilms) [14] Olive stones Extrusion pretreatment for sugar production in food sector [15] Orange peel waste Extraction of essential oils, pectin, and bacterial cellulose for the food industry [16,17] Grape Extrusion pretreatment for sugar production in food sector [15] Orange peel waste Extraction of essential oils, pectin, and bacterial cellulose for the food industry [16,17] Grape Agricultural biomass has been used to develop sub-products and applications in several sectors. From 2016-2023, approximately 162 thousand reports used the keywords agro-food, food processing, waste, and application. ...
In recent decades, biomasses from different industrial segments have created new interesting perspectives, including sustainable development. Moreover, reusing waste, such as biomass, also impacts the economy, i.e., the circular economy. The main biomasses and their applications are evident in the energy, food, chemistry, fine chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors. Several questions should be asked regarding the trending topic of the circular economy, including biomass availability and seasonality, energy demand (processes), and the real environmental impact. Thus, this review focuses on biomass collected from non-conventional (unusual technology at the industrial scale) food-processing residues, particularly from 2016 to 2023, to produce biomaterials and/or bioproducts for the food sector.
... The ash was stored in a desiccator until use. The 140 mesh was chosen due to the work of Saghi et al. 23 and Nia et al. 24 The authors worked with adsorption and tested the variation in the size of the adsorbent particles (mesh . It was noticed that as the particle size decreased, the adsorption efficiency increased. ...
Background
In order to propose a destination for the bottom ash generated from biomass burning, its morphology, functional groups and mineral phases were studied. Dipyrone has been extensively used as an antipyretic, increased due to cases of COVID‐19, and due to excretion by urine, incorrect disposal and industrial effluents has been destined to wastewater, being harmful to human and animal life. The present study proposes using biomass ash for the adsorption of dipyrone.
Results
The characterization of biomass ash shows a sufficient surface area size for adsorption, and a mainly amorphous structure with some peaks of quartz, calcite and other mineral phases. The results show that the kinetic model which best describes the adsorption is the pseudo‐first‐order model. The Langmuir model best fits at 25 °C, and the Freundlich model best describes the adsorption at 35 and 45 °C. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process is endothermic with a maximum adsorptive capacity of 65.27 mg g⁻¹. In addition, the adsorption is spontaneous, disordered and chemical. The ionic strength study reveals that the adsorbent is promising for real effluent treatment and there is evidence that electrostatic interaction is not the primary adsorptive mechanism, agreeing with the result obtained from pH testing. The proposed mechanism for dipyrone removal involves hydrogen bonds, π bonds and electron donor–acceptor complex.
Conclusions
The results are promising in comparison with recent literature and solve two environmental problems: biomass bottom ash disposal and pharmaceutical removal in aqueous medium. The ash may be regarded as a low‐cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
... Adsorption science provides the fundamental concepts of isotherm models which explain the interaction of adsorbate and adsorbent. Moreover, these isotherm models determined the adsorption capacity (Rehman et al. 2019;Nooraee Nia et al. 2017). The adsorption process has several key advantages, such as the highest efficiency of adsorption, the lowest operating costs and environmental considerations, since most fluids are used. ...
A smart and novel magnetite graphene oxide-doped superabsorbent hydrogel (MGO-SAH) consisting of magnetite graphene oxide (MGO), acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc), and 2-acrylamido-2-propane sulphonic acid (AMPS) were synthesized through free radical addition polymerization at temperature > 55 °C in oven for one hour. The hydrogel successfully employed for crystal violet (CV) removal from model wastewater. Various characterization techniques such as FT-IR and SEM were used for as synthesized hydrogel. The FT-IR data show the establishment of interaction and distribution of MGO within the 3D network of hydrogels and interaction with CV during removal process. The removal capability of the MGO-SAH superabsorbent hydrogel toward the crystal violet was elucidated while using the batch adsorption mechanism. The removal performance of MGO-SAH hydrogel was investigated by applying various parameters, such as contact time, dye initial concentration, sample dosage and thermos-dynamical approach. The % removal of the CV was monitored from the model solution via UV/Vis 1100 spectrophotometer. The kinetic study was performed by using the pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetic models. It was found that the kinetics of the materials follow pseudo second order kinetic model. The study showed that the % removal increases with increasing the sample dosage which is due to the increase in the number of active sites and diffusion capability of hydrogels. However, the % removal decrease for increasing in the concentration of dyes for constant weight sample (0.1 g) of the as synthesized materials due to insufficient viability of active sites for adsorption process. The adsorption efficiency of MGO-SAH was 88.78 mg g−1 with percent removal value of 97%. In addition, some thermos-dynamical variables such as ∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S° were calculated and the negative value found for ∆G° confirms the spontaneity of the process. A negligible decrease in efficiency was recorded in the recycling performance of the given hydrogel system.
... (Table 2). Adsorbents derived from Eucalyptus leaves (EL) exhibited good adsorptive performance towards a variety of dyes [63][64][65][66][67]. Raw EL was applied to sequestrate the MB dye from aqueous matrix [63]. ...
... Moreover, the positive values of entropy change (DS°) indicated high degree of randomness at the solid/solution interface. Nia et al. [66] found that the removal of MV by EL in a temperature range from 298 K to 313 K, was endothermic. They also found that the equilibrium state and highest adsorption were attained at 10 min and pH 7, respectively. ...
Eucalyptus is the most widely planted type of hardwood trees. It considers as a cheap, renewable, and ecofriendly biomass source for the production of high value materials. In this context, Eucalyptus-based adsorbents in raw, modified, and carbonaceous forms have been efficiently applied to remove a variety of toxic and carcinogenic aquatic pollutants. This article provides a comprehensive review on the application of Eucalyptus-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal and dye pollutants from waste(water). The use of Eucalyptus residues such as bark, leaves, wood or sawdust, and seeds to prepare adsorbents is considered. The performance of Eucalyptus-based adsorbents towards the tested pollutants, as well as their reuse after regeneration is discussed. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms are also considered. Finally, the findings and future prospects for the Eucalyptus- based materials and their use as adsorbents for water treatment are presented.
... According to Nia et al. (2017), isothermal simulations are essential theories of the dye removal process that describe the adsorbate-adsorbent interface. Linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich models were engaged to fit the adsorption statistics (Table S7 and Figs. ...
The syntheses and characterization of fish scale biochar magnetic composites (FSB@Fe3O4) and their applications in the removal of indigo carmine dye from effluents are described. Preparation of the fish scale biochar magnetic composites, FSB@400 °C-Fe3O4, FSB@600 °C-Fe3O4, and FSB@800 °C-Fe3O4, was done following the chemical co-precipitation method. The adsorbents were characterized using peak optical absorbance, functional groups, magnetic strength, surface morphology, particle size, elemental compositions, surface charge, surface area, thermal stability, and crystalline phase, using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis spec), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), point of zero charge pH (pHpzc), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques, correspondingly. The potential of magnetic composites for the abstraction of indigo carmine dye from wastewater was determined as a function of the initial concentration of indigo carmine dye, contact time, dye solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and solution temperature. The results demonstrated that the quantity (q) of indigo carmine dye adsorbed onto magnetic composites improved with a rise in initial dye concentration, adsorbent load, and solution temperature. Conversely, lower quantities of adsorbed dye were recorded at higher pH levels. The data fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit (Langmuir>Freundlich>Redlich-Peterson>Toth>Hill>Sips>Temkin) suggesting a uniformly monolayer adsorption. Adsorption of environmental wastewater samples revealed that all the adsorbents can be used to effectively treat industrial wastewaters. The recycling data established that the adsorbents could be used for five consecutive cycles without significant loss of adsorption capacities.
... Methylene violet, commonly called as Crystal Violet (CV), is an azo dye that causes health problems in humans in contact with it, due to its corrosively and toxicity, the most common problems are severe damage to eyes, inhalation difficulty and skin irritation (Lu et al., 2020). However, CV has been used in many applications, particularly in textiles, paints and print inks (Nooraee Nia et al., 2017), medical applications where it is used as active ingredient in bacteria classification (Ehyaee et al., 2017). In chemistry as indicator in many reactions (Pak et al., 2017). ...
In the present work, the reuse of activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) is suggested to remove the cationic methyl violet, commonly called as Crystal Violet (CV), dye present in a synthetic solution. The morphological structure of the ACFF was analyzed by High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM). The dye removal processes were carried out in batch experiments at room temperature and pH of 10, by reusing the FFCA up to 10 times. After each removal process, the ACFF was thermally treated by calcination that allowed to transform the adsorbed dye into CO and CO2 wherewith its useful lifetime was extended.
The results show that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm with pseudo-first order kinetics, which suggests that a chemisorption was carried out by the covalent attraction between the carbonyl groups of the ACFF and the cationic species of
the dye. The novelty of the work focuses on the reuse of the ACFF for up to 10 removal cycles with a high removal rate, which can lead to a reduction in the acquisition costs of the adsorbent material
... According to Nia et al. (2017), isothermal simulations are essential theories of the dye removal process that describe the adsorbate-adsorbent interface. Linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich models were engaged to fit the adsorption statistics (Table S7 and Figs. ...
The syntheses and characterization of fish scale biochar magnetic composites (FSB@Fe3O4) and their applications in the removal of indigo carmine dye from effluents are described. Preparation of the fish scale biochar magnetic composites, FSB@400 °C-Fe3O4, FSB@600 °C-Fe3O4, and FSB@800 °C-Fe3O4, was done following the chemical co-precipitation method. The adsorbents were characterized using peak optical absorbance, functional groups, magnetic strength, surface morphology, particle size, elemental compositions, surface charge, surface area, thermal stability, and crystalline phase, using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis spec), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), point of zero charge pH (pHpzc), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques, correspondingly. The potential of magnetic composites for the abstraction of indigo carmine dye from wastewater was determined as a function of the initial concentration of indigo carmine dye, contact time, dye solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and solution temperature. The results demonstrated that the quantity (q) of indigo carmine dye adsorbed onto magnetic composites improved with a rise in initial dye concentration, adsorbent load, and solution temperature. Conversely, lower quantities of adsorbed dye were recorded at higher pH levels. The data fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit (Langmuir>Freundlich>Redlich-Peterson>Toth>Hill>Sips>Temkin) suggesting a uniformly monolayer adsorption. Adsorption of environmental wastewater samples revealed that all the adsorbents can be used to effectively treat industrial wastewaters. The recycling data established that the adsorbents could be used for five consecutive cycles without significant loss of adsorption capacities.
... MV finds its applications in textiles, paints, print inks and also used as a biological stain, but can cause severe damage to skin, eyes, irritation in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract if inhaled and absorbed through the skin. [49] Even a small quantity of this dye in waste effluents can be toxic and its removal is environmentally important. The adsorption/degradation and kinetics of MV under sunlight irradiation is presented in Figure 7c-f and the corresponding time-dependent UV-vis spectra are provided in Figure S5 (refer Supporting information). ...
In this work, an attempt has been made to strategically and systematically design novel and multifunctional nanocomposite photocatalysts by coupling mesocrystals of CaTiO3 with edge‐sulfur‐atoms‐enriched MoS2 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. A remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic activity could be evidenced with an optimized content (20 %) of MoS2−RGO nanosheets coupled with CaTiO3 mesocrystals. This nanocomposite showed a 33‐fold enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in comparison to bare CaTiO3, with apparent quantum efficiencies of 5.4 %, 3.0 % and 17.7 % at 365, 420 and 600 nm monochromatic wavelengths. In addition, the excellent adsorptive degradation of different organic pollutants was also achieved with these photocatalysts, which revealed their multifunctional behavior. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be accredited mainly to following factors: (i) Intimate contact between constituent materials and efficient charge transfer across the ternary heterojunction, which suppresses photogenerated charge recombination; (ii) The high surface area provides abundant sites for reactant adsorption and further reaction; (iii) Defect‐rich MoS2 with sulfur atoms on the exposed edges provide sticky sites for H⁺ ions and hence enhance the hydrogen generation. The design strategy employed in this work can be adopted to improve the properties and performance of other mesocrystals, which can lead to the fabrication of low‐cost and multifunctional catalysts for diverse applications.
... Consequently, they are not available in sufficient bulk to be commercialized for full-scale application. Because of these drawbacks, many researchers tried to find cost-effective adsorbents to eliminate dyes [14,15]. Natural sands contain active components that can strongly adsorb positively charged organic material from an aqueous solution. ...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of simultaneous optimization and removal of dyes, Malachite green (MG), Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cresol Red (CR) from aqueous solutions by using Sistan sand as an extremely low cost adsorbent. Factors affecting adsorption of the analytes on the sorbent were investigated experimentally and by using Taguchi and Plackett–Burman experimental design methods. In most cases, the results of these two models were in agreement with each other and with experimental data obtained. Taguchi method was capable to predict results with accuracies better than 97.89%, 95.43%, and 97.79% for MG, RhB, and CR, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the sorbent could remove simultaneously more than 83% of the dyes with the amount of adsorbed dyes of 0.132, 0.109, and 0.120 mg g−1 for MG, RhB and CR on sand, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that pseudo second order is the best model of adsorption for all analytes. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that this process is spontaneous and endothermic.
