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Chemical reactions of lipid peroxidation (Shah et al., 2014).
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Diabetes; is a chronic disease whose prevalence has been increasing day by day in the world. Several mechanisms have been causing the formation of diabetes. One of these mechanisms is the oxidative stress that occurs in cells and tissues. Oxidative damage which is caused by reactive oxygen species; has an important role in the formation of complica...
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Context 1
... (MDA) is the most commonly used oxidative stress biomarker for lipid peroxidation and lipid oxidation. In addition, lipid oxidation can occur in end products such as the resultant 4-hydroxy nonenal (Figure 1). These products, which are the result of lipid oxidation, as a result of reaction with protein and DNA can cause damage. ...
Context 2
... (MDA) is the most commonly used oxidative stress biomarker for lipid peroxidation and lipid oxidation. In addition, lipid oxidation can occur in end products such as the resultant 4-hydroxy nonenal (Figure 1). These products, which are the result of lipid oxidation, as a result of reaction with protein and DNA can cause damage. ...
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Introduction: Since 1956 there have been numerous scientific articles about free radical theory of aging which both confirm and deny the theory. Due to oxygen metabolism, there are relatively high concentrations of molecular oxygen in human cells, especially in mitochondria. Under normal physiological conditions, a small fraction of oxygen is const...
Citations
... 28,36 High levels of protein oxidation can lead to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. 37 Nitrotyrosine, produced by the oxidation of tyrosine amino acids, is an essential biomarker for RNS that can be used to estimate oxidative damage to proteins. 38 Nitrotyrosine is not found in healthy subjects but has been found in T2D patients. ...
Oxidative stress is one of the most important causes of type 2 diabetes; it impairs the functioning of lipids, proteins, and DNA and can disrupt insulin secretion. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in β-cell dysfunction, and a number of pathways, known as the unfolded protein response, are activated to reduce this stress and protect β-cells from death. Increased autophagy provides a preventative mechanism, protecting against oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate regulates insulin levels, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species can disrupt insulin secretion. Inflammation is caused by cell damage and is specified by the invasion of immune cells and the local release of cytokines and chemokines. Tumor necrosis factor-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by adipose tissue during islet inflammation in patients with obesity and insulin resistance, which is associated with lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA. Inflammation plays a role in the development of insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes. There is a connection between vitamin D deficiency, and decreased insulin secretion, and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The oxidative damage is also associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which is reviewed in this article.
... Hence, activation of all the mentioned signaling pathway leads to releaseing of ROS and various pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with inflammation, apoptosis, as well as tissue damage (Oeckinghaus, Hayden, Ghosh, 2011;Wautier, Guillausseau, Wautier, 2017;Ghorbani et al., 2018). Taken together, excessive generation of ROS and oxidative stress during chronic hyperglycemia, leads to the oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, as well as cell apoptosis in various tissues (Tangvarasittichai, 2015;Sugeçti 2018). Moreover, oxidative stress can induce insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in DM conditions (Tangvarasittichai, 2015;Sugeçti 2018). ...
... Taken together, excessive generation of ROS and oxidative stress during chronic hyperglycemia, leads to the oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, as well as cell apoptosis in various tissues (Tangvarasittichai, 2015;Sugeçti 2018). Moreover, oxidative stress can induce insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in DM conditions (Tangvarasittichai, 2015;Sugeçti 2018). Hence, targeting oxidative stress via applying of antioxidant agents is widely considered for DM treatment (Sheweita et al., 2002). ...
Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, is increasing globally, there is no broad-spectrum agent for its holistic treatment. Natural plant-derived products with a wide spectrum of biological activities are currently being explored as alternatives in the management of diseases. Artemisia species are a heterozygous group of plants of the Compositae family that possess several health benefits. Here we highlight their antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidaemic, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties among others. These activities have been linked to the presence of phytochemicals that act on several molecular targets to exert their effects and the species of Artemisia are considered to be relatively safe. Artemisia species offer significant anti-MetS activity and thus are strong therapeutic candidates for the effective management of MetS.
