Chemical make-up of: (a) gentamicin; (b) kanamycin; (c) neomycin B; (d) tobramycin; and (e) streptomycin. Shown in red are aminocyclitol rings which are connected to other amino sugars glycosidically in the fundamental structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... the kidneys and ears), which contributes to an escalation in resistance. An aminocyclitol ring is included in most aminoglycoside antibiotics that are glycosidically connected to other amino sugars as their fundamental structure (Figure 3) (Fisher & Mobashery, 2021;Rapini & Marrazza, 2017). Tables 3-7 highlight the most significant facts for the aminoglycosides mentioned aptasensors, comprising sensor type, RSA, LOD, and K D used ( Ball et al., 1978;Becker & Cooper, 2013;Parmar et al., 2000). ...

Context 2

... is a wide-ranging antibiotic that works as a bactericide against a diverse set of Gram-positive/negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli (Figure 3a). It was first identified in 1963. ...

Context 3

... kanamyceticus produces kanamycin, a bactericidal antibiotic that kills Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria alike (Figure 3b). A lot of research is focused on kanamycin aptamer-based sensors because selective and sensitive techniques to detect kanamycin residues for clinical diagnosis and safety of food are of considerable importance ( Tang et al., 2018). ...

Context 4

... majority of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Shigella and Salmonella, are susceptible to neomycin (Figure 3c) (Nikolaus & Strehlitz, 2014). ...

Context 5

... antibiotics (e.g., tobramycin) are semisynthetic and have a long half-life (Figure 3d). Numerous Gram-negative pathogens, including Shigella, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, and E. coli, as well as Grampositive Enterococci and Staphylococci, are included in its spectrum of activity ( Luan et al., 2020). ...

Context 6

... Waksman's Streptomycin's discovery (Figure 3e) in 1943 enabled the TB pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis to be cured for the first time ( Li et al., 2015). Today, however, alternative antibiotics are commonly employed due to streptomycin's renal and ear-harming characteristics. ...