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The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fiber and threonine (Thr) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune responses of broiler chickens. A total of 420 one-day-old mixed sex broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 6 experimental diets and 5 replicates of 14 chicks based on a factorial arrangem...
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Context 1
... to trial commence, SBP and RH were purchased from a commercial supplier, then were ground using a hammer mill (2-mm screen) and analyzed for chemical composition (Table 1). Crude fiber of fibrous materials was measured by sequential extraction with diluted acid and alkali (method 978.10) as indicated by AOAC (2000). ...Citations
... The unique architecture of the villus crypt of the intestinal tract plays a crucial role in intestinal health (Tong et al., 2023). A higher VCR is associated with stronger digestive and absorptive capacities in the intestines (Saadatmand et al., 2019). Our results showed that the jejunal and ileal VCR decreased after LPS challenge, whereas supplementation with CTC or 10-HDA reversed this decline. ...
Introduction
This study aimed to investigated the effects of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) on the growth performance, intestinal barrier, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota of chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Methods
A total of 240 one-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: (1) control group (basal diet + saline); (2) LPS group (basal diet + LPS); (3) Chlortetracycline (CTC) group (basal diet containing 75 mg/kg CTC + LPS); (4) 0.1% 10-HDA group (basal diet containing 1 g/kg 10-HDA + LPS); and (5) 0.5% 10-HDA group (basal diet containing 5 g/kg 10-HDA + LPS). All chickens were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of either LPS or saline at 17, 19, and 21 days of age.
Results
The results showed that dietary 10-HDA supplementation attenuated the loss in growth performance caused by the LPS challenge ( p < 0.05). 10-HDA effectively alleviated LPS-induced intestinal mucosal injury, as evidenced by reduced bleeding, decreased serum diamine oxidase levels ( p < 0.05), and increased villus/crypt ratios of the jejunum and ileum ( p < 0.05). Dietary treatment with 0.1% 10-HDA reduced the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6; p < 0.05), and increased immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG) and antioxidant enzyme levels (CAT, GSH-px, T-SOD) in the serum of LPS-challenged chickens ( p < 0.05). These effects were similar to those observed in the CTC group. Moreover, 0.1% 10-HDA treatment reversed the LPS-induced variations in the mRNA expression of genes related to inflammation, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal tight junctions ( p < 0.05). 16S rRNA analysis revealed that 10-HDA supplementation increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Clostridia_UCG-014 ( p < 0.05). Additionally, it decreased the abundance of Clostridia_vadinBB60_group , Eubacterium_nodatum_group , and UC5-1-2E3 ( p < 0.05). These changes were correlated with reduced inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity in the LPS-challenged chickens.
Conclusion
Collectively, dietary 10-HDA supplementation alleviated LPS-induced intestinal mucosal injury and the loss of growth performance through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota modulation activities in chickens. Moreover, 0.1% 10-HDA supplementation had comparable or even better protection for LPS-challenged chickens than supplementation with antibiotics or 0.5% 10-HDA. 10-HDA has the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotics in protecting the intestinal health and improving the performance of poultry.
... Threonine: Threonine is crucial for the generation of proteins in the body. It is also a necessary constituent of mucin, which is significant for intestinal health, and it takes part in the key metabolic process that results in the formation of uric acid [56]. Following absorption, threonine is utilized to synthesize intestinal proteins and safeguards the gut from infections and anti-nutritional agents [35]. ...
Products produced from waste are a relatively recent innovation. Feather substrates are abundant in keratin content and improper disposal can cause ecosystem contamination. However, these pollutants can be transformed into value-added products for industrial application. Physical, chemical and cutting-edge microbiological methods were utilized for decomposing keratin and aid in the identification and estimation of amino acids from poultry feather wastes. These beneficial approaches are receiving more attention due to their retrieval of harmless and value added byproducts. These keratin-based compounds are used widely in pharmaceutical, livestock feed, fertilizer, and a variety of other industrial sectors. Since keratin is primarily consisting of amino acids, it can be utilized to affirm and estimate the amino acids in these feather substrates. This study primarily highlights the various methodologies employed for the qualitative estimation of amino acids in feather waste samples and the inhibitory activity of keratinase enzyme by EDTA and pepstatin in order to accumulate amino acids for drug delivery purpose and their importance in various pharmaceutical industries. In addition to that, molecular docking studies of cysteine with many standard pharmaceutical drugs like acetaminophen, pethidine, methylphenidate, carbamazepine, cillin and amlodipine were performed using autodock to demonstrate how cysteine greatly reduces conventional drug toxicity and its side effects.
... reported higher levels of total ash, ranging between 7.6 and 9.3% in poultry feed stuffs [40]. Whereas a previous study obtained lower levels (1.65 and 2.38) in starter and finisher broiler diets, respectively [59]. Ash content in animal feed has been reported to be 5-9% and abnormally high levels could be due to contamination with soil which it is not desirable [34]. ...
Background and aims; Assessment of the productivityof exotic strains of broilers should be periodicallycarried out to define their requirements and optimizeproductive efficiency. The growth performance, somecarcass characteristics and blood parameters of Ross308 broiler chickens under traditional rearingconditions in northeastern of Libya were investigated.
Methods: The body weight (BW) and feedconsumption were weekly measured, and averagedaily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG),and gain: feed ratio (FCR) were calculated. At 35days of age the final body weight, carcasscharacteristics and blood parameters of broilers weredetermined.
Results; The results revealed that at 35days of rearing, the chickens reached the mean finalbody weight of 1756.26 g, the eviscerated carcassweight averaged 957.1 g, and the slaughter yield was60.8%. The ADFI, ADG, and FCR were 81.95(g/b/day), 48.62 (g/b/day) and1.68, respectively.Mean internal organ weights were in the rangereported previously for Ross 308 broilers. Of theserum biochemical parameters tested, the mean ALPand AST levels were higher than the values reportedpreviously in literature for Ross 308 broiler chickenswhich could reflect pathological changes in broilersreared under traditional and commercial conditionsin the study area.
Conclusion: Ross 308 chickensexamined under commercial conditions did not attaina final body weight of 2 kg and slaughter yield of 70%as productive performance targets in the broilerproduction system which could reflect improperpractice management applied to the broiler throughthe entire rearing period.
... Rintilla and Apajalahti [43] described the upper gastrointestinal environment as being more aerobic, which favours the multiplication of aerobic bacteria, which is in line with the values observed in the experiment, where the crop was dominated by aerobic bacteria and relative anaerobes in the form of Lactobacillus spp. and several-percent shares of components that are sources of SDF, such as soybean hull, dried beet pulp, and dried citrus pulp [44]. They strengthen the muscle stomach barrier by lowering the pH in order to eliminate pathogenic bacteria already in the upper gastrointestinal tract; this effect is enhanced by the addition of insoluble fibre, which reduces the pH in the upper gastrointestinal tract by the actions of the proventriculus and gizzard as well as the SCFAs that are produced as a result of fermentation in the crop [45,46]. ...
Simple Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of oat hull (0-3%) and high amounts of cereal grains to the diets of broiler chickens in terms of the development of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and individual microbial counts in the crop and ileum, and the effect of dietary fibre fractions on microbial changes from the beak to the ileum. The addition of 3% oat hull increased the weights of the proventriculus and gizzard, thereby improving the gizzard barrier function. The presence of dietary fibre and hemicelluloses in diets increased the total aerobic microbial count and Lactobacillus spp. bulk in the crop. The presence of insoluble dietary fibre in the diet decreased the total aerobic microbial count and increased the E. coli count in the crop. In the ileum, insoluble dietary fibre decreased the E. coli count and soluble dietary fibre decreased the total combined yeast and mould count. Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of oat hull (0-3%) and high amounts of cereal grains to the diet of broiler chickens in terms of the development of the upper gastrointestinal tract, individual microbial counts in the crop and ileum, and the effect of dietary fibre fractions on microbial changes from the beak to the ileum. In the 28 d trial, 162 one-day-old Hubbard Flex male chickens with an average body weight of 44.5 g were randomly allocated to 27 metabolic cages. The experiment consisted of a randomised, one factorial ANCOVA design composed of a covariate with two ANOVA factorial designs containing nine treatments (3 × 3): three sources of cereal grains (maize, wheat, and barley, with a minimum amount of 500 g · kg −1 , each with nine replications) and three levels of oat hull (0, 1, and 3%, each with nine replications). At the end of the study, 81 chickens (9 in each treatment) were slaughtered to determine the weight of the individual organs and characterise the intestinal microbiota. The application of 3% oat hull to the cereal diets increased the weight of the proventriculus and the gizzard (6.3 and 27.3 g, respectively) in comparison to diets without the addition of this structural component (6.0 and 23.7 g). Higher crop counts of total aerobic microbes (6.29 log CFU · g −1) and Lactobacillus spp. (4.05 log CFU · g −1) were observed in diets containing wheat grain compared with maize (4.62 and 3.55 log CFU · g −1 , respectively). The main reason for the microorganism's growth (p < 0.05) was the amount of soluble dietary fibre and hemicelluloses present in the diet: total aerobic microbial count (respectively r = 0.918 and r = 0.816) and Lactobacillus spp. (respectively r = 0.416 and r = 0.442). Barley diets decreased (p < 0.05) E. coli counts in the ileum (2.69 log CFU · g −1) vs. maize and wheat diets (3.41 and 3.45 log CFU · g −1 , respectively), mainly due to the increase in the amount of insoluble dietary fibre in the diet (r = −0.462). Reduced total yeast and mould counts in the ileum were also observed (p < 0.05) in connection with the presence of soluble dietary fibre and hemicelluloses in diets (r = −0.397 and −0.398, respectively). Citation: Wróblewska, P.; Hikawczuk, T.; Sierżant, K.; Wiliczkiewicz, A.; Szuba-Trznadel, A. Effect of Oat Hull as a
... The intestinal lesion severity was clearly relieved by dietary GP supplementation. Micromorphological characteristics of intestinal mucosa, including villus height, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio, are commonly employed to assess nutrient absorptive property in broiler chicken [37]. ...
Garlic powder (GP) has the outstanding antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-parasitic and antioxidant characteristics because of its various contained bioactive components, such as alliin, allicin, and polysaccharide, etc. It has been widely used as a native medicine and shown to prevent a variety of diseases. This research was performed to determine the positive effects of GP on growth and intestinal function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers of similar initial body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 8 replicates per treatment and 15 chicks each replicate. LPS challenge enhanced the weight loss rate, decreased the immunity and antioxidant capability, increased the intestinal permeability in broilers. When compared with LPS group, broilers fed with GP exhibited improved weight loss rate and jejunum villus height, enhanced ileum antioxidant function, and ameliorated intestinal barrier function. The LPS-challenged broilers in GP group had higher immunity than that of broilers in antibiotics group. GP supplementation could act as a natural alternative to antibiotic additive to alleviate the LPS-induced weight loss rate, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress in broilers by improving the immunity and intestinal function.
... Addition of glutamine and arginine enriched intestinal morphology and performance at cold-induced ascitic mortality (Saadatmand, Toghyani, and Gheisari 2019). Similarly, the beneficial preventive impacts of lysine, threonine, arginine, glutamine, tryptophan and GAA on PHS in broiler chickens were evaluated (Abdulkarimi, Shahir, and Daneshyar 2019;Alipanah et al. 2018Alipanah et al. , 2019. ...
Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) refers to the accumulation of non-inflammatory hepatic transudate in the peritoneal cavity of the broiler chicken due to increased pulmonary hypertension, elevated tissue oncotic pressure, hepatic fibrosis and vascular damage. It is a global threat for the broiler industry which progresses through wide ranges of physiological and metabolic changes because of adverse dietary, environmental and hereditary factors. Noticeable changes include generalised oedema, hydro-pericardium, fibrosis of epicardium, hepato-abdominal oedema, distended-flaccid heart, right ventricular hypertrophy, variable hepatic changes, pale comb and elevated blood haematocrits. The aetiology of the disease is complex but usually results because of imbalanced cardiac output and failure of the pulmonary system to adapt elevated blood flow. The condition does not transmit within healthy birds but causes massive economic losses through carcass condemnation and flock mortality. Genetic factors, fast growth, higher elevation, extreme cold, poor ventilation, low blood pH, high-intensity lighting, high nutrient density and pellet diet are the main predisposing factors of PHS. However, selection of suitable genotype, supplementation of desired amino acids, flax oils, L-carnitine, co-enzyme, feed additives, certain vitamins, inorganic salts, restricted feed consumption, regulation of incubation temperature and appropriate veterinary approaches could ameliorate PHS. Designing new parent lines considering balanced muscle-to-heart and lung ratio, better management of breeder flock, optimisation of incubation and post-hatch temperature, humidity, ventilation and recommendation of strain-specific fortified broiler diet may shed new light to the emerging crisis of PHS worldwide.
... Also, the failure of dietary SBH or SBP to increase AID of AAs could be attributed to the fact that large amount of dietary fiber results in increased abrasion of intestinal mucosal cells (Bergner et al. 1975), leading to increased secretion of mucin in intestinal lumen (Hedemann et al. 2006). Mucin is composed of AAs such as serine, threonine, and cysteine (Saadatmand et al. 2019) and constitutes a high proportion of endogenous protein at the terminal ileum (Li et al. 1994). Another acceptable explanation can be that non-starch polysaccharides are substrates for microbial activity that lead to deconjugation of bile acids (Ndou 2018). ...
This study evaluated the effects of including soluble and insoluble dietary fiber sources in soybean oil-containing diet for broiler chickens on coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids, coefficient of apparent retention (AR) of nutrients, and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn). A total of 180 broilers were divided into 30 groups and fed 3 diets from day 14 to 21 of age. The diets were corn–soybean meal containing 6.8% soybean oil without or with soybean hulls (SBH) or sugar beet pulp (SBP) at 8.0% as sources of insoluble and soluble fiber, respectively. The SBH and SBP contained 6.0% and 14.7% of soluble dietary fiber and 60.5% and 37.0% of insoluble dietary fiber, respectively. The AID of indispensable amino acids was decreased (P < 0.05) due to dietary inclusion of SBH, but not of SBP. Dietary SBH and SBP reduced the AR of gross energy (by 14% and 8%, respectively) and AMEn (by 20% and 14%, respectively). Overall, inclusion of SBH or SBP at 8.0% in a corn–soybean meal-based diet for broilers that contains high level of soybean oil might not improve nutrient digestibility. However, SBP has less detrimental effects on nutrient digestibility than SBH.
... This study showed that it had no significant differences in serum D-LA and DAO concentrations, and intestinal mucosal occludin, claudins, ZO-1, and MUC-2 expression levels between the LPS group and antibiotics group, implying that RLS may serve as a good alternative to antibiotics supplementation in the diet of birds to alleviate the harmful consequences of LPS challenge on intestinal mucosal permeability, which is in keeping with the state of intestinal health in broilers. The villus height, crypt depth, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of intestine are the common criteria for evaluating the nutrient absorptive property, and higher villus height means a higher absorptive capacity of the small intestine (34). LPS challenge reduced the villus height and decreased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in broilers. ...
Rhamnolipid (RL) is a glycolipid biosurfactant and exhibits the following outstanding characteristics: strong antibacterial properties, low toxicity, and high biodegradability. The present research was conducted to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of rhamnolipids as an alternative to antibiotics in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-challenged broilers. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for analyzing the cecal microbial composition and serum metabolites. Dietary antibiotics and RLS supplementation decreased the weight loss rate, enhanced serum immunoglobulin levels, reduced serum diamine oxidase and D-lactate acid concentration, and improved the symptoms of intestinal bleeding and villus height, when broilers were challenged with LPS. The addition of RLS in the diet enhanced serum interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 contents and reduced serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in LPS-challenged broilers compared with the antibiotics group. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that RLS may alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory responses through altering the 6-methoxymellein level in broilers. The genus Bacteroides may contribute to the decreased weight loss rate via regulating the serum lysoPC [20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)] secretion. RLS alleviates LPS-induced intestinal injury, enhances the growth and immunity, ameliorates intestinal microflora, and improves serum metabolites in LPS-challenged broilers. RLS exhibited better protective effect than antibiotic supplementation in the diet of LPS-challenged broilers. These findings provide potential regulation strategies and novel insights for RLS enhancing its protective effect in LPS-challenged broilers.
... Los piensos o alimentos integrales por lo general tienen un bajo contenido de fibra. La fibra está presente de forma natural en los alimentos de origen vegetal y es un componente importante en la dieta de animales monocavitarios herbívoros (Saadatmand et al., 2019). Dependiendo de la cantidad, la fibra dietética puede mejorar el funcionamiento de los órganos digestivos y el rendimiento del animal en crecimiento (Kheravii et al., 2017). ...
... La mucina está compuesta por proteínas y algunos aminoácidos como serina, cisteína y treonina (Thr), constituyendo la Thr el 11% de los aminoácidos de la mucina, variando la cantidad y tipo de mucina de acuerdo con la disponibilidad de Thr y fibra en el alimento (Saadatmand et al., 2019), de allí la importancia de la Thr en el mantenimiento de la integridad intestinal (Wang et al., 2010). La síntesis de proteínas corporales, colágeno, elastina y anticuerpos, así como la producción de ácido úrico y enzimas pancreáticas también requieren Thr (Debnath et al., 2019). ...
El experimento tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de cinco niveles dietéticos de treonina (Thr) sobre el rendimiento en engorde, características de la carcasa y el desarrollo del tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) y visceral de cuyes. Se trabajó con 40 cuyes machos mejorados de 30 días de edad distribuidos al azar en 5 tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones en un diseño completamente aleatorio y sacrificados a los 72 días de edad. La dieta consistió en pienso restringido y forraje verde ad libitum. La suplementación de Thr se realizó con L-Treonine 98.5% (L-Thr) en niveles de 0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 g/kg de pienso, para obtener niveles de 0.55, 0.59, 0.63, 0.67 y 0.71% de Thr. Los cuyes con 0.63% de Thr dietético lograron mayores ganancias de peso, mejor conversión alimenticia y mayor rendimiento de carcasa. El TGI con posibles funciones inmunológicas alcanzó un mayor peso relativo con niveles de 0.67 y 0.71% de Thr. El peso relativo del bazo y del corazón no se afectaron por los niveles de Thr, mientras que se observaron diferencias significativas en hígado, pulmones y riñones.
... Ayam broiler yang diberikan kulit kedelai sebanyak 4% memiliki tinggi vili pada jejenum yang hampir sama dengan kelompok kontrol (1320 dan 1312 µm) dan menurun pada penggunaan kulit kedelai dengan kadar 6 da 8% (1117 dan 1222 µm) (Tejeda et al. 2020). Kelompok ayam yang diberikan sisa gula bit dan sekam padi sebanyak 3% memiliki tinggi vili pada ileum 575 dan 593 µm dengan tinggi vili pada kelompok kontrol 545 µm (Saadatmand et al. 2019). Tinggi vili yang lebih baik pada kelompok ayam broiler yang diberikan sumber serat dalam pakan akan menunjang penyerapan nutrien lebih baik sehingga performa produksi dan imunitas yang lebih baik. ...
p>In AGP ban era, addition of a fiber source in broiler feed improves the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to describe the differences in fiber analysis methods and the effect of fiber source addition on growth, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and microbiota profile in the digestive tract of broilers. Oat hulls, sugar beet pulp, rice hulls, pea hulls, sunflower hulls, wheat bran, and wood have been tested as fiber source in broiler feed. The effectiveness of fiber in increasing growth performance and stimulating the development of the gastrointestinal tract were influenced by the physico-chemical properties, level of addition, particle size, and fraction composition of the fiber source. Exploration of local fiber sources from Indonesia, which can have ability to increase growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers is needed to support food security in the future.</p
