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Although a number of pharmacological properties have been linked to Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf essential oil and extracts, the biological attributes of the lipophilic fraction remain unknown. Moreover, only a limited number of active compounds have so far been identified. This work aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative, anti-aggregation, and c...
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Context 1
... evaluation of the phenolic and flavonoid content of the sample revealed that Lipo-Eucam revealed a total phenolic content of 112.18 mg GAE/g DW and total flavonoid content of 34.56 mg QE/d DW (Table 3) when prepared using ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. The authors also noted that when water was used as extractant under boiling, maceration, or sonication, the total phenolic content was less than 32 mg/g DW. 20 Similarly, Elansary et al. found that methanol extracts of E. camaldulensis, E. camaldulensis var obtusa, and Eucalyptus gamphocephala leaves displayed TPC of about 14−34 mg GAE/g DW. 5 Similarly, A ́ lvarez et al., in their recent study on the effect of six solvents on the phytochemical composition of leaves extract of six Eucalyptus spp including E. camaldulensis confirmed that the total phenolic content was greatly influenced by the solvent and extraction conditions, with the hexane extract of Ectropis obliqua presenting the lowest (1.57 ...Citations
... EOs are highly concentrated hydrophobic liquids composed of volatile terpenes, which are present in different amounts and encompass a wide array of chemical structures [6]. Pharmaceutical formulations commonly integrate EOs or utilize them in aromatherapy due to their diverse health benefits, which include antibacterial [7], antiviral [8], antibacterial [9], antioxidant [9], anticancer [9], anti-inflammatory [10], insecticidal [11], and immunomodulatory properties [12]. Recent studies have focused on the synergistic and antagonistic activity of particular EOs and their major and minor constituents in preventing or inducing cancer cell death via several signalling pathways [13]. ...
The primary aim of this investigation was to determine the anticancer and antimicrobial properties of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves of Aloysia citriodora Palau, which were procured from four separate locations in Palestine, in addition to analyzing their chemical composition. These areas include Jericho, which has the distinction of being the lowest location on Earth, at 260 m below sea level. The EOs were acquired by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was examined utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOs was assessed against six bacterial strains and one fungal species using 96-well microtiter plates. The primary components found in these oils are geranial (26.32–37.22%), neral (18.38–29.00%), and α-curcumene (7.76–16.91%) in three regions. α-Curcumene (26.94%), spathulenol (13.69%), geranial (10.79%), caryophyllene oxide (8.66%), and neral (7.59%) were found to be the most common of the 32 chemical components in the EO from Jericho. The EOs exhibited bactericidal properties, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and showed highly effective fungicidal activity. Nevertheless, the antifungal efficacy of the EO was found to surpass its antibacterial activity when administered at lower dosages. The EOs exhibited anticancer activities against melanoma cancer cells, as indicated by their IC50 values, which ranged from 4.65 to 7.96 μg/mL. A. citriodora EO possesses substantial antifungal and anticancer characteristics, rendering it appropriate for utilization in food-related contexts, hence potentially enhancing the sustainability of the food sector.
... The congealed lipophilic precipitate at the bottom of the container was also collected and lyophilized to obtain the lipophilic fraction and named "LSB". The LSB extract was also refrigerated until further use [13][14][15]. ...
... The individual compounds in the BSTR extract were tentatively identified using the QTOF-MS analysis (negative ionization mode) with an accuracy error less than 5 ppm (Table 1). Furthermore, the retention times, detected accurate mass, molecular formula and mass error of each of the tentatively identified compounds provided in Table 1 enhanced the characterization of the compounds [5,6,13]. Terpenoids including diterpenes, diterpene lactones, diterpene glycosides, iridoid glycosides were the prevailing class of compounds putatively identified in BSTR. ...
... The ability of a sample to scavenge free radicals is extensively used in assessing the antioxidant capacity of natural products. Particularly, the DPPH and ABTS radical assays are based on the capability of the pharmacological agent to donate hydrogen atoms/electrons to free radicals, thus stabilizing and halting the reactive chain [13,15]. The MCA and FRAP antioxidant assay reflect the ability of the sample to reduce metal complex and it is associated with cellular antioxidant activity [16]. ...
Background
This study investigated the in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of B. strigosa hydrophilic (BSTR) and lipophilic (LSB) leaves extracts. The phytochemical profile was also performed using UHPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS.
Results
The results indicated that BSTR and LSB showed excellent antioxidant properties in the DPPH scavenging, ABTS scavenging, FRAP and MCA assays. The extracts also demonstrated α-glucosidase (81.56–157.56 µg/mL) and α-amylase (204.44 µg/mL) inhibitory activities. In addition, the extracts showed significant cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against oral squamous carcinoma (CLS-354/WT) cancer cells. Furthermore, the extracts showed excellent antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both extracts exhibited a significant reduction in nitric oxide secretion against activated macrophage cells. The UHPLC–MS analysis revealed that B. strigosa is rich in terpenoids, iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. The plethora of these compounds may be responsible for the observed activities. In addition, the bioactive compounds identified by UHPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS were analyzed using silico molecular docking studies to determine the binding affinity with α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
Conclusions
These results suggest that B. strigosa is an excellent pharmacological active plant and it provides the basis for further studies on the exploration of its potentials in oxidative stress induced disorders.
Graphical Abstract
... Several studies have reported that the whole E. camaldulensis plant is significantly used in the local economy of numerous countries and also as raw materials to create paper and paper-based products, whereas leaves have been reported as major waste during the manufacturing process [14]. Scientifically, E. camaldulensis leaf has been reported for multiple pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory [15], antileishmanial [15], antiproliferative [16], anti-oxidative [17], hepatoprotective [17], antibacterial [14], analgesic [18], wound healing efficacy [19], and in biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles [5,11,20]. ...
... However, the optimized mobile phase could not quantify the quercetin content within digested composite fortified with low content of ECG and ECPY possibly due to the incorporation of low extract content and possible losses during composite fabrication. Several reports revealed that quercetin was one of the potent biomarkers within E. camaldulensis leaf extract [16,21]. ...
Contagious wound infection has become one of the most common challenges concomitants with the wounds, causing severe inflammatory responses, and ultimately delaying skin tissue regeneration. Herein, a phenolic-rich Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf hydrophobic (ECG) and hydrophilic extract (ECY), in varied content was fortified within a hypromellose polymeric matrix was characterized, and further targeted as an effective antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hemostasis dressing. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis of ECG and ECY fortified composite indicated significant hydrogen bonding-based cross-linking, while scanning electron microscopy image showed a porous structure. The chromatography profiling demonstrated 0.022 ± 0.02 and 0.027 ± 0.01 µg/mg of quercetin for the ECG and ECY fortified composite, respectively. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extract incorporated composite was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of control. Biocompatibility results revealed that composites were compatible with > 80% viability of HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. The results of the blood-coagulation and clotting kinetics showed time and dose-dependent hemostasis. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf hydrophilic extract incorporated composite significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the nitrite production against lipopolysaccharides-stimulated macrophage cells. Moreover, the HaCaT cell showed migration of 43.59 ± 1.26 (%) and 48.12 ± 1.85 (%) treated with ECG and ECY incorporated composite after 24 h, respectively. Overall, the hydrophilic extract-incorporated composites showed multifarious biological properties, suggesting their potential for comprehensive wound healing dressing.
A simple and low-cost green synthesis method was optimized to prepare stable silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using aqueous Eucalyptus globulus leaves extract. This green method allows to obtain AgNP with spherical morphology and variable size around 25 nm, and it is dependent of the reaction temperature and concentration of the plant extract. AgNP stability was followed during 3 months by zeta potential measurements and a negative zeta range from − 30.7 to − 33.6 was determined. Biogenic-stabilized AgNP exhibited dual-functional properties as effective in environmental remediation with bacterial growth inhibition and dye photodegradation. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were tested for antibacterial activity, and considerable inhibitory activity was found. High photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye was performed in the presence of the AgNP as catalysts under sunlight irradiation. The degradation efficiency after 2 h of reaction was 37 %, 83 % and 98 % in the presence of UV light, visible light and sunlight irradiation, respectively. The germination of corn kernels test was used to determine the toxicity of the treated IC solutions and the results showed low toxicity after the photo-degradation process.
There has been growing interest in the biological and pharmacological potential of C. odorata in recent times. While a number of reports had highlighted the beneficial attributes of various extracts prepared from C. odorata, the biological properties of the lipophilic extract remained unexplored. This work aimed at examining the anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of C. odorata aerial part lipophilic extract (COLE). The results revealed that COLE possessed potent and selective anticancer properties against human breast and colon cancer cells. The extract presented strong cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 of 9.18 µg/mL), MDA-MB-231 (IC50 of 12.19 µg/mL), HT-29 (IC50 of 19.48 µg/mL), and HCT-116 cells (IC50 of 14.12 µg/mL). Meanwhile, COLE was found to be non-toxic at the concentrations tested against normal (HEK-293 and CCD-841 CoN) cells. In addition, COLE demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against B. cereus (MIC value of 0.157 mg/mL), and moderate activity against L. monocytogenes (MIC value of 0.63 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC value of 1.06 mg/mL). Furthermore, COLE effectively scavenged free radical species, including ABTṠ+ (IC50 of 46.80 µg/mL), DPPḢ (IC50 of 27.78 µg/mL), and superoxide anion (IC50 of 64.07 µg/mL), likely due to the high phenolic (262.48 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoid content (70.20 mg quercetin equivalent/g). UPLC-MS analysis revealed the putative identities of 85 secondary metabolites whereas the GC–MS analysis detected 36 volatile constituents in COLE. Also, it was revealed that terpenes and phenolic compounds were the predominant specialized metabolites present in COLE, and putatively responsible for the remarkable biological properties. Taken together, these results revealed the richness of C. odorata lipophilic extract in terms of its metabolite profile and biological activities. In conclusion, COLE is worthy of further investigation to take advantage of its good anticancer, antioxidative and antimicrobial properties in pharmacological or nutraceutical application.
