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![Chemical Structures of Polyoxyethylene(9 mol) / Polyoxypropylene(2 mol) Dimethyl Ether [EPDME (9/2)], Polyoxyethylene(17 mol) / Polyoxypropylene (4mol) Dimethyl Ether [EPDME (17/4)], Polyoxyethylene (34 mol) / Polyoxypropylene (8 mol) Dimethyl Ether [EPDME (34/8)] and Polyoxy- ethylene(38 mol) / Polyoxypropylene(10 mol) Pentaerythrytol Tetramethyl Ether [PEPTME (38/10)]](profile/Reiji-Miyahara/publication/23789152/figure/fig1/AS:338738501701633@1457772960937/Chemical-Structures-of-Polyoxyethylene9-mol-Polyoxypropylene2-mol-Dimethyl-Ether.png)
Chemical Structures of Polyoxyethylene(9 mol) / Polyoxypropylene(2 mol) Dimethyl Ether [EPDME (9/2)], Polyoxyethylene(17 mol) / Polyoxypropylene (4mol) Dimethyl Ether [EPDME (17/4)], Polyoxyethylene (34 mol) / Polyoxypropylene (8 mol) Dimethyl Ether [EPDME (34/8)] and Polyoxy- ethylene(38 mol) / Polyoxypropylene(10 mol) Pentaerythrytol Tetramethyl Ether [PEPTME (38/10)]
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![Fig. 6 Phase Diagram of Water [70% POE(7) Oleyl Ether 30% EPDME(9/2)]...](profile/Reiji-Miyahara/publication/23789152/figure/fig4/AS:669191233347597@1536559031962/Phase-Diagram-of-Water-70-POE7-Oleyl-Ether-30-EPDME9-2-Liquid-Paraffin-System-at_Q320.jpg)
In this study, the effect of a random copolymer of polyoxyethylene (POE, 38 mol)/polyoxypropylene (POP, 10 mol) pentaerythrytol tetramethyl ether [PEPTME (38/10)], which is unable to form a self-organizing structure on account of its bulkiness, on the microemulsion phase was examined. The phase diagram of the liquid paraffin - nonionic surfactant+P...
Citations
... The number average molecular weight of PEPTME is 2300. A detailed structural analysis of PEPTME is presented elsewhere 12) . POE-GIS and POE/POP-PDMS were purchased from Nikko Chemical Co., and Dow Corning Toray Co. Ltd., Japan, respectively. ...
We have prepared a viscous bicontinuous microemulsion consisting of water / [20 wt% POE-GIS + 30 wt% PEPTME + 47.5 wt% POE/POP-PDMS + 2.5 wt% OA)] / DMPS system. A pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed for the mixture, and the bicontinuous microemulsion phase was characterized by means of rheometry and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM).
Recently, a few studies have been reported on the layer structure of ionic liquids using X-ray and neutron scattering. However, the nanostructural features of ionic liquids remain unclear. Herein, the surface adsorption and bulk properties of polyoxyethylene (EO)–polyoxypropylene (PO) decyl tetradecyl ether-type nonionic surfactants (C10-C12POxranEO24PO13−x, where x represents the length of the PO chain linked to alkyl chains; x = 0, 5, 8, and 13) in quaternary-ammonium-salt-type amphiphilic gemini ionic liquids containing oxygen or nitrogen in the spacer (2C12(Spacer) NTf2, where (Spacer) = (2-O-2), (2-O-2-O-2), (2-N-2), (2/2-N-2), and n represents the alkyl chain length; n = 10, 12, and 14 for the 2-O-2 spacer, and n = 12 for all others) are elucidated by surface tension, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and viscosity measurements. The surface tension of the C10-C12POxranEO24PO13−x surfactants in the gemini ionic liquids containing oxygen in the spacer increased as the surfactant concentration increased, and it became comparable to that of C10-C12POxranEO24PO13−x alone, indicating that the gemini ionic liquid adsorbed at the air–liquid interface was replaced with C10-C12POxranEO24PO13−x following its addition. In the bulk, 2Cn(Spacer) NTf2 and C10-C12POxranEO24PO13−x formed a layered structure, and the layer spacing depended on the alkyl chain length and spacer structure of the gemini ionic liquid and the length of the PO chain linked to the alkyl chains of the surfactants.
The authors designed and developed Polyoxyethylene/Polyoxypropylene Random Copolymer Dimethylether (EPDME) as an oil-soluble humectant that is freely soluble in both water and polaroils, chemically stable, does not dissolve plastics and is free of skin irritancy because it is not a surfactant. In addition, by utilizing special microemulsion formed by EPDME and nonionic surfactants for ultrafine emulsification, the manufacturing process which conventionally requires a large amount of energy and time, can now be changed to the quick and easy procedure of stirring at room temperature. According to the technique described above, it has become possible to encapsulate a polymer compound which could not be achieved conventionally in ultrafine emulsion or to solubilize a hardly soluble compound such as ultraviolet absorber in water. This technology will be outlined below.
Amphiphilic random copolymers, poly(oxyethylene)/poly(oxypropylene) butyl ethers (C4EmPn), have been used as raw materials for cosmetics. This paper reports on the influence of amphiphilic random copolymers on mixtures of n-decane, water, and a nonionic surfactant, hexa(oxyethylene) dodecyl ether (C12E6). Bicontinuous phases are formed from decane/water/C12E6 mixtures at high C12E6 weight fractions (> 70 wt%). Adding C4EmPn to decane/water/C12E6 mixtures brings about the formation of bicontinuous phases and a decrease in the amount of the surfactant required for their formation, indicating efficiency boosting. The bicontinuous phase formation region in the phase diagram of the decane/water/C12E6+C4E5P5 system is largest at a specific C4E5P5 weight fraction in the C12E6/C4E5P5 mixture. When a hydrophobic polymer, in which the poly(ethylene oxide) group in C4EmPn is absent, is added to decane/water/C12E6 mixtures, no efficiency boosting is observed. These results suggest that the adjustment of the hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity balance of C12E6/C4EmPn mixture causes the efficiency boosting.
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of sucrose on the phase behavior of vegetable oil/polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (MOPS, Tween 80) and decaglycerol monolaurilester (DGML)/aqueous solution systems to establish low-energy emulsification methods for preparing nano-emulsions suitable for food uses. Phase diagrams were constructed to elucidate the optimal process for preparing the nano-emulsions. It was found that nano-emulsions were obtained when the composition was altered to either cross the sponge phase (L(3)) or lamellar phase (La) in the vegetable oil/MOPS/aqueous solution system or vegetable oil/DGML/aqueous solution system, respectively. The average droplet sizes in the former and latter emulsions were 0.203 µm and 0.165 µm, respectively. The addition of sucrose changed the hexagonal phase in the vegetable oil/MOPS/aqueous solution system into the sponge phase. As a result, the sponge region in the vegetable oil/MOPS/sucrose aqueous solution system occupied a larger area than that in the vegetable oil/MOPS/water system. In contrast, sucrose had no effect on the area of the La region in the vegetable oil/DGML/aqueous solution system. However, the addition of sucrose decreased the amount of emulsifier required to prepare nano-emulsions in both the vegetable oil/MOPS and DGML/aqueous solution systems. Sucrose was confirmed to facilitate the preparation of nano-emulsions in both systems.
