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Background and Objective: In cephalometry, parameters like the head length, head width and cephalic index are
very important in the description of human morphology, variation in different gender and races of human
population and making comparison between healthy individuals and clinical patients. Furthermore, they can
also be used to categorize hum...
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... This finding of brachycephalization with age is similar to the finding among Igbos of 11 to 25 years living in Benin as reported by Omotoso et al., 2019 [13]. The adult Igbos ended up having a head that is predominantly brachycephalic in contrast with mesocephalic head of the young Igbo children [13,14]. ...
Background: The cephalic index and head circumference are important anthropometric parameters that can provide insights into the physical characteristics and growth patterns of populations. There is dearth of data on Cephalic Index and Head circumference of Igbo Children and Adolescents. Method: This study examined 725 Igbo children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria, using a cross-sectional approach. Results: The majority of participants exhibited mesocephalic head shape (43.2%), with brachycephalic and dolichocephalic shapes observed in 32.7% and 14.2% of the population, respectively. Mean head circumference increased with age in both sexes. Cephalic indices in boys under 12 and girls under 15 were below 80 but increased above these ages. Changes in head shape, potentially towards brachycephalization, were noted as children grew. Significant correlations were found between head circumference and cephalic index with age, height, weight, and body mass index, suggesting their relevance in forensic and anthropological investigations. Conclusion: Our results indicate diversity in head shapes and sizes, with mesocephalic heads being most common. As age increases, head circumference also tends to increase, and changes in head shape towards brachycephalization was observed. These findings underscore the importance of understanding anthropometric variations in different populations and suggest avenues for further research, particularly longitudinal studies, to explore the factors influencing these patterns.
... The application of cephalometry has been indicated in forensic and medical diagnostic procedures especially orthodontics, reconstructive surgeries and forensic science 4,5 . Generally, variations in physical identity of different population can be primarily linked to their variable cephalometric morphologies 6 . The major determinants of these variations in human physical morphologies within or across different tribes or population include gender, tribe, age and geographical location [7][8][9] . ...
Introduction: the nasal morphometry is an integral part of cephalometry which has been described as second most reliable indicator of sexual differences after pelvimetry. Other applications include reconstructive surgery and ergonomics. This study was aimed to assess the nasal morphometry of the Bini and Ibibio tribes in Southern Nigeria and its significance. Methods: this study involved 300 adult Bini and 300 adult Ibibio tribes of Southern Nigeria. The nasal length and width of subjects were evaluated using appropriate anatomical landmarks. The nasal index was calculated as the percentage ratio of nasal width to the nasal length and the nasal morphological distribution was assessed among the study population. results: the mean nasal length of male Binis (47.10 ± 4.63) and Ibibios (44.35 ± 7.84) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than female Binis (42.45 ± 5.75) and Ibibios (39.77 ± 5.93) respectively. Similarly, the mean nasal width of the male Binis (42.14 ± 6.35) and Ibibios (39.53 ± 6.56) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the female Binis (37.53 ± 5.68) and Ibibios (34.62 ± 5.45) respectively. The nasal indices of the male Binis (90.55 ± 5.66) and Ibibios (88.95 ± 4.22) and female Binis (87.95 ± 4.13) and Ibibios (86.17 ± 4.57) respectively showed the dominance of platyrrhine nasal morphology among the study population. Conclusion: aside the applications of nasal morphometry in the forensic identification and reconstructive surgeries among the study population, it would serve as a source of crucial anthropometric parameters in ergonomic design and production of face or medical masks and respirators.
... [1][2][3] Typically, human body morphometrics are influenced by variety of factors such as age, sex, geographical location and racial affiliation. [4][5][6] In essence, anthropometric studies are conducted to evaluate body morphometrics that can be used to assess sexual variation, in a given age categorization or with increasing age, within the same or across different populations. 7,8 Among the major body structures involved in anthropometric studies are the bony components which include long bones such as the humerus. ...
Background: This study was carried out to evaluate humeral length among children in Southern Nigeria and to describe its sexual dimorphism among study population. Methods: This study involved 450 children (230 males and 220 females) between 3-14 years old in Southern Nigerian. The humeral length was measured as distance between lateral epicondyle distally palpated when elbow was flexed to 90 degrees and acromion proximally palpated lateral end of clavicle. Definitive right and left humeral lengths (RHL and LHL) were derived by subtracting 2.5 mm from measured length. Average values of RHL and LHL were evaluated as morphological humeral length (MHL) for each subject. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 20 and statistical comparisons done using t-test with p < 0.05 regarded as level of significant difference. Results: In all age groups, non-significant bilateral variation was observed with the RHL higher than the LHL among both male and female subjects. In addition, the results showed significant (p<0.05) sexual dimorphism in all age groups with mean±SEM of MHL among 3-6 years old higher in females (19.45±0.81) than in males (18.63±0.83). However, the reverse was observed among higher age groups with mean±SEM of MHL in 7-10- and 11-14-years old males (24.43±0.95 and 28.75±0.94) significantly higher than in 7-10 years old and 11-14 years old females (22.85±0.91 and 26.73±0.84) respectively. Conclusions: Based on findings of this study, humeral morphometrics particularly the humeral length can be applied as a significant indicator of sexual dimorphism among the study population.
