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Characteristics peaks for amaranth, indigo carmine, quinoline yellow, sunset yellow, and tartrazine dyes
Source publication
Synthetic dyes are established colorants in the pharmaceutical industries for the coating and coloration of tablets, capsules, etc. to mark the specific formulation and dosage, improve the stability, and esthetic value. The pharmaceuticals manufacturing process releases large volumes of dye-containing wastewaters, contributing to eco-toxic concerns...
Citations
... Furthermore, the degradation efficiency was determined by ecotoxicity assessment. (Poddar et al., 2023a) along with 1 g/L concentration of diclofenac sodium supplementation and 5% collected wastewater sample as inoculum incubated for 7 days at 30 • C, 130 rpm. In stage II of enrichment, the diclofenac tolerant strains from stage I were further inoculated in the Basal Salt Medium (BSM) [g/L: 0.5 K 2 HPO 4 , 0.5 NaCl, 0.007 CaCl 2 .2H 2 O, 0.2 MgCl 2 , 0.5 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , pH 7-7.2] in presence of 0.5 g/L concentration of diclofenac sodium supplementation for 10 days at 30 • C, 130 rpm (Stylianou et al., 2018). ...
... Nine different virulence characterization tests were performed. The production of enzymes like protease, lipase, lecithinase, Shiga toxin, hemolysin, DNase, and coagulase were tested (Poddar et al., 2023a). The ability to utilize haem proteins of blood by the bacterial cells was also tested by the hemoglobin utilization test. ...
... The ability to utilize haem proteins of blood by the bacterial cells was also tested by the hemoglobin utilization test. The Coomassie brilliant blue dye was used to test the presence of A-layer cell surface proteins (Poddar et al., 2023a). Strains producing negative results in all the tests were considered for further study. ...
Significant concentrations of emerging xenobiotics, like diclofenac (DCF), possessing severe irreversible eco-
toxicological threats, has been detected in aquatic systems worldwide, raising the concerns. This present investi-
gation is intended to explore an efficient solution to support the existing wastewater treatment policies to handle
DCF contamination by bacteria-mediated biotransformation. DCF-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from
pharmaceutical wastewater and selected based on their non-virulence nature and degradation ability. Among
those, Pseudomonas sp. DCα4 was found to be the most dominant DCF degrader exhibiting 99.82% removal of
DCF confirmed by HPLC after optimization of temperature at 30.02 °C, pH at 6.9, inoculum of 4.94%, and time
68.02 h. The degradation kinetics exhibited the process of DCF degradation followed a first-order kinetics with k
of 0.108/h and specific degradation rate of 0.013/h. Moreover, the enzyme activity study indicated predominant
hydrolase activity in the DCF treatment broth of DCα4, implying hydrolysis as the main force behind DCF bio-
transformation. HRMS analysis confirmed the presence of 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 1,3-dichloro,2-amino, 5-
hydroxybenzene, and benzylacetic acid as major intermediates of DCF biodegradation indicating non-specific hy-
drolysis of DCF. Whole genome analysis of most related strains which were confirmed by near full 16S rRNA gene
sequence homology study, predicted involvement of different N–C bond hydrolase producing genes like puud,
atzF, astB, nit1, and nylB. The ecotoxicological study using Aliivibrio fischeri exhibited 47.51% bioluminescence
inhibition by DCF-containing broth which was comparable to the same caused by 1 mg/mL of K2Cr2O7 whereas
remediated broth exhibited only 0.51% inhibition implying reduction of the ecotoxic load caused by DCF conta-
mination. Cost analysis revealed that possible integration of the process with existing ones would increase per
litre expense by $0.45. These results indicated that the described process of DCF biodegradation using the super-
degrader DCα4 would be an advancement of existing pharmaceutical wastewater treatment processes for DCF
bioremediation.
... Five consortia of different Klebsiella sp. From 19 strains, decolourised amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow, indigo carmine, and quinoline yellow with an efficiency of 96.5% (Poddar et al., 2023). Some microbes showing decolorisation properties have been listed in Table 5. ...
Industrial wastewater causes water and soil pollution, leading to life-threatening issues. Wastewater comprises several dyes, detergents, phenols, chemical salts, and heavy metals which enhance temperature, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) load, total suspended solids, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chlorides, sulfate, and nitrate of affected sites. Dye effluent is highly toxic and leads to mutagenic and carcinogenic outcomes on living beings. Environmental laws are being passed more frequently to control mostly azo-based dyes in the environment. The effluent must be treated before being discarded directly into the ecological ecosystem so that it can be reutilised and recycled for domestic purposes. In the present scenario, using a physicochemical-based approach is inefficient for eliminating contaminants as the process is expensive, and a secondary pollutant, sludge, is produced after the treatment. Being cheap and eco-friendly, the therapy of dye-laden water using microorganisms is a trend. The authors of the current review study have tried to bridge the gap in the bioremediation of dye wastewater. The review imparts an overview of the textile industry, the generation of wastewater by it, the environmental pollution caused, and its impact on the ecosystem. The discussion mainly focuses on the detailed analysis of the last few decades on the decolorisation efficiencies of numerous bioremediation techniques involved in treating textile dye effluent. Additionally, the authors have tried to include the most recent developments in this area. By using eco-friendly methods, this study will undoubtedly help dyestuff companies and researchers.
... The DNase-producing ability was examined in DNase agar media added with methyl green and toluidine blue. The surface A-layer proteins were primarily detected by Coomassie brilliant blue (R-250) dye-containing MSM agar media (Edberg et al. 1996;Poddar et al. 2022). Positive results obtained in at least three of the nine examinations conducted would only regard a strain as virulent. ...
The production and consumption of paracetamol (4-acetaminophen), a common analgesic and antipyretic drug, had been increased substantially in recent years, elevating the risk of environmental exposure. As an emerging pollutant, this may affect different trophic levels irreversibly and persistently. In this current study, multiple bacterial strains were isolated from pharmaceutical industrial effluents based on paracetamol resistance and primarily screened by non-virulence. Strains PrS3 and PrS14 showed maximum bacterial growth using paracetamol as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. On the contrary, the highest %organic carbon removal efficiency was exhibited by PrS10. The isolates were identified as non-identical and related to the Pseudomonas genus by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The spectrometric assay indicated PrS10 with the highest paracetamol degradation potential (96.37% removal in 7 days), whereas the GC-MS study confirmed 92.35% paracetamol degradation efficiency. The influence of different carbohydrates on paracetamol degradation indicated a competition between monosaccharide and paracetamol as an energy source for PrS10 and reduced degradation efficiency. Further, HR-MS analysis indicated both cell surface absorption as well as the internalization of paracetamol by PrS10. This study explored a probable biodegradation and bioremediation technique for paracetamol contaminants which could be integrated with the effluent treatment of paracetamol production.
... Exposure to various xenobiotics, which is a significant risk factor for many illnesses, has been viewed as a significant public health concern [4]. Foreign chemicals include environmental pollutants, toxicants, food additives, colorants in the pharmaceutical industries, and drugs, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, doxorubicin and aminoglycosides [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Such chemicals and drugs often accumulate within the body and cause metabolic alkalosis, brain dysfunctions, cardiac arrhythmias, and hepatorenotoxicities [12,13]. ...
Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (NAPAP), is a traditional antipyretic and analgesic that is used extensively around the world to treat colds and fevers. However, a NAPAP excess causes rapid, severe liver and kidney damage. The goal of the study was to examine the protective effects and determine the mechanisms of action of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin in NAPAP-induced hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received a 0.5 g/kg oral supplement of NAPAP every other day for a period of four weeks. During the same period of NAPAP supplementation, MPHE (50 mg/kg), quercetin (20 mg/kg), and hesperidin (20 mg/kg) were administered to rats receiving NAPAP. MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin treatments significantly improved liver function in NAPAP-supplemented rats. The high serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase as well as total bilirubin were significantly reduced, while the levels of suppressed serum albumin were significantly increased, demonstrating this improvement. Treatments utilizing these natural substances significantly enhanced kidney function as seen by a considerable decline in the increased blood levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Additionally, the injection of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin resulted in a decrease in the quantity of lipid peroxides while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and kidneys. The treatments markedly abated the NAPAP-induced liver and kidney histological perturbations and reduced the NAPAP-induced serum tumor necrosis factor-α level and liver and kidney proapoptotic protein 53 and caspase 3 expressions. Otherwise, serum interleukin-4 level significantly increased by treatments. The MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin treatments resulted in marked decrease in liver and kidney histopathological scores including inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis, and congestion. In conclusion, the MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin may induce hepatonephropreventive impacts in NAPAP-supplemented rats via enhancing the antioxidant defense system, anti-inflammatory activity, and antiapoptotic action.
... In the present study, eight different virulence tests were used, namely lipase production test, protease production test, DNase test, hemolysin production test, hemoglobin utilization test, lecithinase production test, production of Shiga toxin test and detection of A-layer using Coomassie brilliant blue dye. 19 The observations for the various virulence tests are provided in Table 1. ...
... A zone of growth inhibition was observed for all antibiotics. 19 Carbohydrate utilization profile Strains were tested for the utilization of various carbohydrates as the sole carbon source using a standard testing kit (207900011, Microxpress, Goa, India). In the current study, eight different carbohydrates, namely glucose, lactose, arabinose, sucrose, mannitol, rhamnose, sorbitol and adonitol, were used. ...
Background
Synthetic plastic pollution has increased tremendously over the past few decades. Supplanting synthetic plastics with a biodegradable alternative could save the biosphere from the drastic effects of plastic pollution. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have been identified with the potential to become a feasible option.
Results
A bacterial strain isolated from pavement soil was investigated for its PHA production ability. The isolated strain was found to be non‐virulent, and susceptible to various antibiotics, especially cefalexin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. The carbohydrate utilization profile revealed that isolated bacteria can utilize different carbohydrates with a variable rate of consumption. The 16S rRNA identification revealed that the strain was related to the Bacillus genus. The produced PHA was predicted to be polyhydroxybutyrate as suggested by differential scanning calorimetry and NMR, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Moreover, the hydrophobic nature of the PHA produced was confirmed by contact angle measurement. The growth, production and substrate utilization kinetics revealed the specific growth rate of Bacillus sp. PhNs9 was 0.07 h⁻¹, specific biomass productivity was 0.06 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹ and specific PHA productivity was 0.05 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. The yield of PHA from biomass was found to be 0.67 g per gram of biomass.
Conclusions
The yield of PHA from the isolated strain was found to be higher than that of most earlier reports. Hence the findings of this study could catalyze the progress to completely move away from the use of synthetic plastics and replace them with an economical and sustainable solution. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The WGS of Klebsiella sp. SWET4 revealed a genome of 5,665,821 bp by assembling 78 scaffolds with N50 and
L50 values of 371571 and 5, respectively. BUSCO and ortholog analysis indicated the completeness of the
genome and familiarity with Klebsiella variicola. Annotation result confirmed the presence of 5 major cellulose
metabolizing genes (bcsZ, bglC, bglA, celA, chbA), besides 4 key xylan degrading genes (xynB, xynT, xylA, xylB)
and 4 principal ethanol fermentation (nifJ, adhE, acs, adh1) genes. The lignolytic potential of SWET4 was evident
in the kinetic study and the presence of yfeX/efeB, katG, katE, etc. genes were confirmed. Expression study with
qPCR indicated overexpression of cellulolytic genes (268.73-fold of bglA, 122.78-fold of bglC, and 45.88-fold of
bcsZ) in cellulose broth when compared to glucose. However, less activity was observed for xylanolytic genes
(9.19-fold of xylA, 4.29-fold of xylB, and 2.89-fold of xynB) in xylan broth. Additionally, the kinetic study
revealed that Ks was significantly lower for cellulose (7.79 and 0.09 g/L) compared to xylan (193.78 and 3.95 g/
L) for primary and secondary growth phases, respectively which confirmed the higher preference of cellulose by
SWET4. Further, ethanol estimation by HPLC exhibited an increase in ethanol concentration in banana peel
fermentation broth from 0.1 g/L (30 h) to 0.35 g/L (56 h). The adh1 gene expression was also found to increase
by 84.45-fold, whereas adhE increased by 1.62-fold confirming their influence on ethanol production. This study
confirmed the lignocellulolytic and ethanologenic properties of SWET4 enabling the direct biotransformation of
cellulosic biomass to ethanol.
Recently, growing concern has been paid to the toxicity of additives in food. The present study investigated the interaction of two commonly used food colorants, quinoline yellow (QY) and sunset yellow (SY), with catalase and trypsin under physiological conditions by fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ultraviolet-vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence techniques as well as molecular docking. Based on the fluorescence spectra and ITC data, both QY and SY could significantly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of catalase or trypsin spontaneously to form a moderate complex driven by different forces. Additionally, the thermodynamics results demonstrated QY bind more tightly to both catalase and trypsin than SY, suggesting QY poses more of a threat to two enzymes than SY. Furthermore, the binding of two colorants could not only lead to the conformational and microenvironmental alterations of both catalase and trypsin, but also inhibit the activity of two enzymes. This study provides an important reference for understanding the biological transportation of synthetic food colorants in vivo, and enhancing their risk assessment on food safety.
