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Background Understanding post-earthquake oral health indicators is essential for developing oral health interventions of the victims. Presumably, due to a geographic difficulty, there has been no investigation to reveal the oral health status of individuals after the Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Objective The main objective was to determine the oral...
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Citations
... 8 In the literature, it has been observed that earthquakes have a negative effect on oral/dental health due to disruption of oral hygiene habits. [9][10][11][12] Natural disasters cause many changes in the lives of individuals, especially children. Children may have difficulty in maintaining many habits they acquired before the earthquake (reading, tooth brushing, eating habits, change in sleeping hours, etc.), especially hygiene habits, after the earthquake or they may lose these existing habits. ...
... Although there is limited evidence in studies examining the impact of natural disasters on oral and dental health, it has been suggested that earthquakes, one of the natural disasters, have a negative impact on oral and dental health. [9][10][11][12] In a study conducted 4 months after the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Nepal in 2015, it was reported that people's tooth decay and gum condition was poor and worsened to varying degrees and that 4% of people never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 28.4% rarely brushed their teeth. 12 In this study, it was found that 5.7% of the children never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 50% rarely brushed their teeth. ...
... [9][10][11][12] In a study conducted 4 months after the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Nepal in 2015, it was reported that people's tooth decay and gum condition was poor and worsened to varying degrees and that 4% of people never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 28.4% rarely brushed their teeth. 12 In this study, it was found that 5.7% of the children never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 50% rarely brushed their teeth. At the same time, 24.3% of the children had a decrease in brushing habits after the earthquake. ...
Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the oral hygiene habits of children in the post-earthquake period in Malatya. Material and Methods: Three hundred parents presented to Inonu University Department of Pediatric Dentistry for examination/treatment participated in this study. The survey consists of a total of 18 questions. Descriptive statistical methods were used when evaluating the study data. The Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data. Significance was evaluated at p<0.05 level. Results: 43.3% of the children participating in the study were brushing teeth once a day before the earthquake, 40.3% were brushing teeth rarely, 15% were brushing twice or more a day, and 1.3% were not brushing at all. After the earthquake, the rate of brushing teeth once a day was 31.3%, the rate of brushing teeth twice a day or more was 13%, the rate of rarely brushing teeth was 50%, and the rate of not brushing at all was 5.7%. The decrease in tooth brushing habits of children whose housing changed after the earthquake (30.8%) was statistically significantly higher than that of children whose housing did not change (20%) (p:0.027; p< 0.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was observed that children's oral hygiene habits unfortunately decreased or disappeared as their housing conditions changed. Appropriate living conditions should be provided for children as soon as possible after natural disasters, and oral hygiene habits should be restarted.
... 8 In the literature, it has been observed that earthquakes have a negative effect on oral/dental health due to disruption of oral hygiene habits. [9][10][11][12] Natural disasters cause many changes in the lives of individuals, especially children. Children may have difficulty in maintaining many habits they acquired before the earthquake (reading, tooth brushing, eating habits, change in sleeping hours, etc.), especially hygiene habits, after the earthquake or they may lose these existing habits. ...
... Although there is limited evidence in studies examining the impact of natural disasters on oral and dental health, it has been suggested that earthquakes, one of the natural disasters, have a negative impact on oral and dental health. [9][10][11][12] In a study conducted 4 months after the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Nepal in 2015, it was reported that people's tooth decay and gum condition was poor and worsened to varying degrees and that 4% of people never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 28.4% rarely brushed their teeth. 12 In this study, it was found that 5.7% of the children never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 50% rarely brushed their teeth. ...
... [9][10][11][12] In a study conducted 4 months after the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Nepal in 2015, it was reported that people's tooth decay and gum condition was poor and worsened to varying degrees and that 4% of people never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 28.4% rarely brushed their teeth. 12 In this study, it was found that 5.7% of the children never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 50% rarely brushed their teeth. At the same time, 24.3% of the children had a decrease in brushing habits after the earthquake. ...
Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the oral hygiene habits of children in the post-earthquake period in Malatya. Material and Methods: Three hundred parents presented to Inonu University Department of Pediatric Dentistry for examination/treatment participated in this study. The survey consists of a total of 18 questions. Descriptive statistical methods were used when evaluating the study data. The Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data. Significance was evaluated at p<0.05 level. Results: 43.3% of the children participating in the study were brushing teeth once a day before the earthquake, 40.3% were brushing teeth rarely, 15% were brushing twice or more a day, and 1.3% were not brushing at all. After the earthquake, the rate of brushing teeth once a day was 31.3%, the rate of brushing teeth twice a day or more was 13%, the rate of rarely brushing teeth was 50%, and the rate of not brushing at all was 5.7%. The decrease in tooth brushing habits of children whose housing changed after the earthquake (30.8%) was statistically significantly higher than that of children whose housing did not change (20%) (p:0.027; p< 0.05). Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Malatya ilinde deprem sonrası süreçte çocukların oral hijyen alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya İnönü Üniversitesi Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı'na muayene/ tedavi için başvuran 300 ebeveyn katılmıştır. Anket formları ebeveynlere elden verilmiştir. Anket toplam 18 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma verileri değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metodlar kullanılmıştır. Niteliksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ise Ki-Kare testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık p<0.05 düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların deprem öncesi %43,3'ü günde 1 kez, %40,3'ü nadiren, %15'i günde 2 ve üzeri kez dişlerini fırçalıyorken, %1,3'ü hiç fırçalamıyordu. Deprem sonrası günde 1 kez diş fırçalama oranı %31,3, günde 2 ve üzeri kez fırçalama oranı %13, nadiren fırçalama %50 ve hiç fırçalamama oranı %5,7'di. Deprem sonrası yaşam alanı değişen çocukların deprem sonrası diş fırçalama alışkanlığında azalma görülme oranı (%30,8), yaşam alanı değişmeyen çocuklardan (%20) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur.(p:0,027; p<0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda çocukların yaşam alanları ve koşulları değiştiği için oral hijyen alışkanlıklarının da maalesef azaldığı yada kaybolduğu görülmüştür. Doğal afetlerden sonra en yakın sürede çocuklar için uygun yaşam koşulları sağlanarak oral hijyen alışkanlıkları oluşturmaya tekrar başlanmalıdır.
... 8 In the literature, it has been observed that earthquakes have a negative effect on oral/dental health due to disruption of oral hygiene habits. [9][10][11][12] Natural disasters cause many changes in the lives of individuals, especially children. Children may have difficulty in maintaining many habits they acquired before the earthquake (reading, tooth brushing, eating habits, change in sleeping hours, etc.), especially hygiene habits, after the earthquake or they may lose these existing habits. ...
... Although there is limited evidence in studies examining the impact of natural disasters on oral and dental health, it has been suggested that earthquakes, one of the natural disasters, have a negative impact on oral and dental health. [9][10][11][12] In a study conducted 4 months after the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Nepal in 2015, it was reported that people's tooth decay and gum condition was poor and worsened to varying degrees and that 4% of people never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 28.4% rarely brushed their teeth. 12 In this study, it was found that 5.7% of the children never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 50% rarely brushed their teeth. ...
... [9][10][11][12] In a study conducted 4 months after the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in Nepal in 2015, it was reported that people's tooth decay and gum condition was poor and worsened to varying degrees and that 4% of people never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 28.4% rarely brushed their teeth. 12 In this study, it was found that 5.7% of the children never brushed their teeth after the earthquake and 50% rarely brushed their teeth. At the same time, 24.3% of the children had a decrease in brushing habits after the earthquake. ...
Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the oral hygiene habits of children in the post-earthquake period in Malatya. Material and Methods: Three hundred parents presented to Inonu University Department of Pediatric Dentistry for examination/treatment participated in this study. The survey consists of a total of 18 questions. Descriptive statistical methods were used when evaluating the study data. The Chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data. Significance was evaluated at p<0.05 level. Results: 43.3% of the children participating in the study were brushing teeth once a day before the earthquake, 40.3% were brushing teeth rarely, 15% were brushing twice or more a day, and 1.3% were not brushing at all. After the earthquake, the rate of brushing teeth once a day was 31.3%, the rate of brushing teeth twice a day or more was 13%, the rate of rarely brushing teeth was 50%, and the rate of not brushing at all was 5.7%. The decrease in tooth brushing habits of children whose housing changed after the earthquake (30.8%) was statistically significantly higher than that of children whose housing did not change (20%) (p:0.027; p< 0.05). Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Malatya ilinde deprem sonrası süreçte çocukların oral hijyen alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya İnönü Üniversitesi Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı'na muayene/ tedavi için başvuran 300 ebeveyn katılmıştır. Anket formları ebeveynlere elden verilmiştir. Anket toplam 18 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma verileri değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metodlar kullanılmıştır. Niteliksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ise Ki-Kare testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık p<0.05 düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların deprem öncesi %43,3'ü günde 1 kez, %40,3'ü nadiren, %15'i günde 2 ve üzeri kez dişlerini fırçalıyorken, %1,3'ü hiç fırçalamıyordu. Deprem sonrası günde 1 kez diş fırçalama oranı %31,3, günde 2 ve üzeri kez fırçalama oranı %13, nadiren fırçalama %50 ve hiç fırçalamama oranı %5,7'di. Deprem sonrası yaşam alanı değişen çocukların deprem sonrası diş fırçalama alışkanlığında azalma görülme oranı (%30,8), yaşam alanı değişmeyen çocuklardan (%20) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur.(p:0,027; p<0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda çocukların yaşam alanları ve koşulları değiştiği için oral hijyen alışkanlıklarının da maalesef azaldığı yada kaybolduğu görülmüştür. Doğal afetlerden sonra en yakın sürede çocuklar için uygun yaşam koşulları sağlanarak oral hijyen alışkanlıkları oluşturmaya tekrar başlanmalıdır.
... We conducted a forward and backward citation-chasing strategy, starting from the included studies. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Selection of studies 2 authors (among KS-B, AT, JS-Ch) performed an independent title and abstract screening of the results obtained from the search, solving any discrepancy by consensus. Also, 2 reviewers (among KS-B, AT, JS-Ch) screened studies in full-text, solving any discrepancy by consensus. ...
... Appendix 4 provides the list of the excluded studies with reasons. A total of 19 studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in the scoping review [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] (Figure 1). ...
... Most of the included studies (n = 8) were conducted in Japan. 29 25 as well as 1 in Nepal, 38 and another 1 in Japan and Haiti. 27 The studies were performed in the context of an earthquake (n = 10) or mixed natural disasters (n = 9) (earthquake and tsunami: Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011) ( Table 1). ...
Objectives:
This work aimed to identify, appraise, and summarize existing knowledge about oral health interventions in the context of natural disasters and verify the main research gaps.
Methods:
We searched in PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Maryland, USA), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and Epistemonikos (Epistemonikos Foundation, Santiago, Chile) until 2021 for primary studies and systematic reviews, assessing any oral health intervention in the context of natural disasters. The interventions were classified according to Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) categories, and the type of natural disaster was defined according to the classification by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED).
Results:
We assessed a total of 19 studies (majorly in Japan, n = 8), all performed in the context of an earthquake or mixed natural disasters (earthquake and tsunami). Regarding interventions, 12 studies reported a promotional/ preventive intervention, with oral examination being the most frequent. 7 studies reported therapeutic interventions, mainly related to emergency management of fractures and injuries.
Conclusions:
The evidence accessed in our study was limited, highlighting the need for further research to focus on different oral health care interventions and outcomes in the context of different natural disasters, thus enhancing the formulation and implementation of recommendations and protocols worldwide.
... Furthermore, we excluded 96 studies after screening the titles and abstracts. Finally, after the assessment for eligibility was completed, 8 of 24 studies were included as shown in Table 2. [14,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The critical appraisal step was performed for each study. [22,23] ...
... [14,[24][25][26][27][28]30] All the included studies were related to earthquakes as natural disasters in Japan, Haiti, and Nepal. [14,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Three of the studies included subjects aged 18 years and older, [14,25,26] and the remaining studies included participants of various ages. ...
... The 8 studies included in this review analyzed oral health status using the following assessment methods: questionnaire surveys; examination for fungal infection (Candida species); and analyses of the teeth and assessment of periodontal and oral hygiene condition. [14,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] In 6 studies questionnaire surveys were performed to assess psychological status, lifestyle, medication, living condition, economic condition, and oral health behavior. [14,[25][26][27][28]30] Kishi et al used the General Oral Health Assessment Index scores to assess OHRQoL. ...
Natural disasters may affect oral health as a result of serious damage to social function and public health. However, no article has systematically summarized the impact of natural disasters on oral health. This review aimed to map the existing literature on the impact of natural disasters on oral health. Targeted literature was searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases with the keywords "disaster" and "oral health." Eligibility criteria were established based on the Participant-Concept-Context model, and eligible studies were identified based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 flow diagram. Eight eligible studies related to earthquakes were included in this review. Of these, 7 studies were related to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Oral health status of victims of disaster was analyzed by assessing the following parameters: questionnaire surveys; examination for fungal infection; and analyses of the teeth, periodontal, and oral hygiene condition. Six studies suggested that natural disasters had a negative impact on oral health. Two studies could not determine the impact of natural disasters on oral health. Only 1 study analyzed the impact of disasters on oral health based on pre- and postdisaster surveys. This scoping review found that there was insufficient evidence to suggest a relationship between natural disasters and oral health and that there are biases in geographical areas and types of natural disasters in this research field. Further research is needed to promote evidence-based support by dental professionals during different disaster phases.
... Pandemic disease and disasters have an impact on a country's economy, social life, education, general health, oral health, etc. [10][11][12] Currently, each country has been rapidly developing policy to manage the COVID-19 epidemic taking reference from the WHO but interpreting in different ways. There are various public health challenges in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Nepal. ...
Introduction: Currently, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic and spread globally. In Nepal, the number of COVID-19 is increasing day-by-day. This research was done to find out the impact of COVID-19 on dentists, patients, and dental practice in Nepal.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey from May 10 to17, 2020. A questionnaire was designed and uploaded in Freeonlinesurveys.com. Following ethical approval, the questionnaire was distributed among 500 dentists, and 406 dentists participated in the study. The survey link was dispersed to the Nepali dentists through social media and e-mail, and the results of the responses were received online. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 34 closed-ended questions containing three parts; demographic details, knowledge of dentists on COVID-19, and the impact of COVID-19 on dentists, patients, and dental treatments.
Results: It showed that majority of the participants were females 243 (60%) of the age group 25-29 years with the clinic as the workplace. Patients receive dental treatments only from 40 (10%) of the dentist. A high number of dentists: 284 (70%) were severely affected by the financial burden and were not receiving a salary during this lockdown. About 349(86%) of the dentist think they should do regular dental treatments, but only 101 (25%) think the dentist should do only dental emergency treatments for COVID-19 infected cases.
Conclusions: Dentists, patients, and dental practice are severely affected by the COVID-19.The majority of the dentists have faced financial burdens. The dental treatments should be done with high standards of care and infection control following proper recommendations.
... Previous studies conducted in Nepal have focused on disease prevalence and oral health status in schoolchildren, 13 pregnant women, 14 or people affected by natural disaster. 22 This study is focused on comparing the socioeconomically backward ethnic population with their relatively affluent counterparts. Although the oral health knowledge among participants from both groups was found to be poor, the privileged populations were better in their practices relating to cleaning teeth and oral cavity. ...
... The habit of brushing at least twice daily was two times more common in the privileged compared to under privileged group which is different from the scenario in other communities from developed countries 23,24 and other studies. 25 Studies in other parts of Nepal report that the proportion of people who brush their teeth at least twice daily is as low as 12.4% 22 and frequency of tooth-brushing was reported to be associated with age and educational status. 4 ...
... Similar finding have been reported in other population around the world 25 and in Nepal. 16,22,26 Oral health knowledge, accessibility and availability of health care resources, and individual attitudes play a significant role in acquiring professional dental care. Participants also admitted using bamboo twigs/sticks, cow dung, coconut water, ashes, and many other herbal items to either clean their teeth or relieve pain. ...
Background: Oral health knowledge, attitude and practices are essential components of general human health, and its assessment can serve to identify risk factors and design appropriate behavior modification strategies. However, studies on poor and marginalized people who have a higher proportion of oral health problems are relatively scarce. This study aimed to assess the differences in level of knowledge, attitudes and practices between the underprivileged and the privileged population of a rural location in eastern Nepal.
... 5 In contrast, a study in devastating earthquake-affected region (Nepal), however, had shown 96% prevalence of fluoridated toothpaste users. 8 In the context of study sites, the current location is rural Terai region and sociocultural background might have resulted this discrepancy. The difference was established as lesser odds of using fluoridated toothpaste in Terai dwellers. ...
Background:
Smoking and use of smokeless tobacco affect oral as well as general health. People are reluctant to achieve good oral health in lieu of the avoidance of deleterious habits. The objective of this study was to analyze two contrasting health behaviors; the oral hygiene practices against tobacco use in a sample from eastern Terai.
Methods:
This is questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey carried out in Jhapa district located in eastern Nepal. In this report, practice of toothbrushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, frequency of using tobacco related products (paan, gutkha, chilim, cigarette, bidi, hukkah) was assessed. Association of health behavior to sociodemographic variables were tested with regression analysis at 95% confidence limits.
Results:
A total of 1178 respondents (response rate = 96.8%) completed the interview, among them 80.8% were males. Mean age was 52.21 years (SD = 15.943). Overall 72.6% used fluoridated toothpaste and toothbrush for cleaning teeth, 58.8% consumed tobacco related products. Interdental aids utilization was very less (1.2% using dental floss). Age was significantly related to both toothbrushing and tobacco-consuming. Educational status was related significantly to toothbrushing (p less than 0.05). Other sociodemographic variables (marital status, ethnicity, educational status) were not related to consumption of deleterious products (p>0.05).
Conclusions:
Our results showed that consumption of tobacco related products is moderately high in Terai village and oral health practice was found to be influenced by educational status. More such studies to identify status of oral health and impact of tobacco are recommended.
... Pandemic disease and disasters have an impact on a country's economy, social life, education, general health, oral health, etc. [10][11][12] Currently, each country has been rapidly developing policy to manage the COVID-19 epidemic taking reference from the WHO but interpreting in different ways. There are various public health challenges in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Nepal. ...
... Although some studies have been done regarding 'Gorkha earthquake', but no study studied the overall health status and medical problems of the victims from the earthquake in different parts of Nepal. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Hence, this study revel the health status and medical problems of individuals affected by the devastating earthquake which occurred during April-May, 2015 in Nepal. ...
Understanding the post-earthquake medical problems is essential for improving health interventions of the affected victims. 'Gorkha earthquake' that occurred in April-May, 2015 in Nepal, caused severe problems in people. Although some studies have been done regarding 'Gorkha earthquake', but no study studied the overall health status and medical problems of the victims from the earthquake in different parts of Nepal. The main objective of this study was to study the health status and medical problems of the victims of earthquake that occurred in 2015 in Nepal. The cross-sectional study was done following 6 months' post-earthquake in 500 victims in 5 most affected districts (Sindhupalchok, Kathmandu, Dadhing, Bhaktapur, and Kavre) Nepal from November till April, 2016. Altogether 500 earthquake-affected subjects aged from 16 to 80 years of age living in the transitional shelters were included in this study. Only 10% took meals ≥4 times per day and 90% took meal ≤3 times per day. Regarding smoking habit, 85.40% consumed ≤5 cigarettes per day, 13% consumed 6-10 cigarettes per day, 1% consumed occasionally, and 0.60% never consumed cigarettes. Majority of the participants had musculoskeletal (36.74%) problems followed by respiratory problems (13.02%), neurological and psychological problems (11.62%), and eye problems (11.16%). The general health, habits, nutritional intake of the people have been affected in the earthquake affected areas. It showed high musculoskeletal problems followed by respiratory problems, neurological and psychological problems, and eye problems. Data from this study may be used as basic information for health planning and future steps in health care preventive and therapeutic programs.
