Characteristics of the beam pattern of the SVLA for three different frequencies (300, 1500, and 3750 Hz) sources. The deviation angle ∆∆ (°) and ∆∆ (dB) are shown in the upper and lower plots, respectively.

Characteristics of the beam pattern of the SVLA for three different frequencies (300, 1500, and 3750 Hz) sources. The deviation angle ∆∆ (°) and ∆∆ (dB) are shown in the upper and lower plots, respectively.

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It was observed that when the short vertical line array (SVLA) is located in the deeper part of the water column, where sound velocity is lower, a groove always exists in the receiving array response in the horizontal direction for distant sound sources in the shallower part of the water column, where the sound velocity is higher. Normal mode model...

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... total length of the SVLA for the lowest and highest frequency signals were 50 and 4 m, respectively. Figure 6 shows the characteristics of receiving array response of the SVLA at different depths with the distant sound source depth covering the whole water column. The deviation angle ∆∆ and ∆∆ are shown in the ...

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