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Background:
Endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) are known to be effective in improving anthropometric/body composition and lipid panel indicators, but there is an evident lack of studies on differential effects of these two forms of physical exercise (PE). This study aimed to evaluate the differential effects of 8-week ET and RT a...
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Context 1
... two weeks (3 times over the study course), participants were invited to participate in an additional individual training session where first author of the study tested them on exercises used in circuit-weight-training in order to redefine individual training loads for the upcoming period of two weeks. The general structure of the applied circuit weight training is presented in Table 1. Resistance exercise was performed in groups of 4-6 participants but each participant followed individual guidelines (i.e., specific technique, weight) that were posted at each exercise station. ...Citations
... VO 2 max, maximum aerobic speed, and the strength of the upper and lower extremities also significantly improved (Ramos-Campo et al., 2021). Previous studies reported beneficial effects of circuit training among women of working age and other age groups, as it can improve the cardiorespiratory system and prevent cardiovascular diseases (Ballesta-García et al., 2020;Beqa Ahmeti et al., 2020). In this study, the researchers considered the safety during the training of the samples, who were working-age women with sedentary behavior. ...
Objectives. The study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity circuit exercise program on body composition and physical fitness among overweight women of working age. Materials and methods. Twenty-nine overweight women of working age were divided into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 14) had a normal daily life, and the moderate intensity circuit exercise group (MICE, n = 15) underwent training that included 3 sessions of MICE (40–50 seconds followed by 60 seconds of rest for each exercise and 90 seconds of recovery between sessions at 64–76% of maximum heart rate). The training was conducted for 60 minutes per day, three days per week. Body composition and physical fitness were measured before (2 days prior) and after (2 days post) a 12-week training period. Results. After the 12-week training, the MICE showed a considerable improvement in a number of key health indicators, including body weight, BMI, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue, total energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.65%, -0.73%, -2.16%, 2.53%, -7.12%, 10.85%, 0.71%, -3.13%, and -2.67%, respectively, p < 0.05) when compared to the CG. Similarly, the MICE demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in the sit and reach test, the back extension test, the hand grip strength of the right hand, hand grip strength of the left hand, leg strength, the 60-second chair stand test (also known as sit-to-stand test), and the maximum oxygen consumption (18.98%, 16.53%, 10.69%, 7.68%, 9.97%, 26.25%, and 8.87%) compared to the CG (-4.10%, -1.19%, -0.26%, -1.53%, -1.44%, 0.24%, and -0.70%), respectively. Conclusions. Moderate-intensity circuit exercise has been found to have positive effects on improving body composition and physical fitness in overweight working women. Thus, the implementation of MICE with appropriate sessions, resting, duration, and training periods can achieve maximum benefit.
... VO 2 max, maximum aerobic speed, and the strength of the upper and lower extremities also significantly improved (Ramos-Campo et al., 2021). Previous studies reported beneficial effects of circuit training among women of working age and other age groups, as it can improve the cardiorespiratory system and prevent cardiovascular diseases (Ballesta-García et al., 2020;Beqa Ahmeti et al., 2020). In this study, the researchers considered the safety during the training of the samples, who were working-age women with sedentary behavior. ...
Objectives. The study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity circuit exercise program on body composition and physical fitness among overweight women of working age. Materials and methods. Twenty-nine overweight women of working age were divided into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 14) had a normal daily life, and the moderate intensity circuit exercise group (MICE, n = 15) underwent training that included 3 sessions of MICE (40–50 seconds followed by 60 seconds of rest for each exercise and 90 seconds of recovery between sessions at 64–76% of maximum heart rate). The training was conducted for 60 minutes per day, three days per week. Body composition and physical fitness were measured before (2 days prior) and after (2 days post) a 12-week training period. Results. After the 12-week training, the MICE showed a considerable improvement in a number of key health indicators, including body weight, BMI, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue, total energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.65%, -0.73%, -2.16%, 2.53%, -7.12%, 10.85%, 0.71%, -3.13%, and -2.67%, respectively, p < 0.05) when compared to the CG. Similarly, the MICE demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in the sit and reach test, the back extension test, the hand grip strength of the right hand, hand grip strength of the left hand, leg strength, the 60-second chair stand test (also known as sit-to-stand test), and the maximum oxygen consumption (18.98%, 16.53%, 10.69%, 7.68%, 9.97%, 26.25%, and 8.87%) compared to the CG (-4.10%, -1.19%, -0.26%, -1.53%, -1.44%, 0.24%, and -0.70%), respectively. Conclusions. Moderate-intensity circuit exercise has been found to have positive effects on improving body composition and physical fitness in overweight working women. Thus, the implementation of MICE with appropriate sessions, resting, duration, and training periods can achieve maximum benefit.
... Despite some investigations that didn't indicate effectiveness of TRX or resistance training on body composition indices (18), positive effects of TRX and resistance training on these indices has been extremely mention elsewhere (33,34) (35). TyG Index is also defined as a method requires only simple laboratory parameters, such as triglycerides and glucose, which can be measured without a great financial expense and can be used a predictor of T2D (36) and also a marker in cardiovascular diseases (37) which both are closely related to metabolic syndrome. ...
BACKGROUND: Due to the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic disease caused by obesity, it is necessary to find an effective and useful training method to mitigate the adverse effects of excess adiposity. METHODS: 30 overweight and obese women (BMI=33.24±4.7) with no history of exercise or certain diseases were selected and randomly divided into two groups of TRX training (n=15) and control (n=15). The training protocol was performed three days a week on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks, and each session lasted 60 minutes. Body weight, waist circumferences, BMI, BAI, VAI, TyG, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were measured 48 hours before and after the training period. RESULTS: There were decrease in the weight (P = 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.001), TG (P = 0.001), VAI (P < 0.001), BAI (P < 0.001), TyG (P = 0.004), TyG-BMI (P < 0.001), and TyG-WC (P < 0.001) in the experimental group and HDL (P = 0.013) was improved. No changes observed in FBS (P = 0.165), Insulin (P = 0.084), HOMA-IR (P = 0.97), and HOMA-β cell (P = 0.128). CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric indices and lipid profile are more sensitive to TRX training than blood-related factors. Thus, TRX training is an affective training protocol to control body composition and lipid profile and consequently lower MetS risk factors in overweight and obese women.
... Lipid profile as an illustration of the concentration of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-C) in the blood (Ahmeti et al., 2020), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Albarrati et al., 2018). Lipid profile is also associated with health problems including hypertension (Kannan, 2014), various metabolic disorders, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke (Antunes et al., 2020;Brenachot et al., 2017;Leritz et al., 2016). ...
... Conditions of training, individual physical fitness (Ahmeti et al., 2020), and mood swings during exercise can trigger increased psychological changes that lead to unfavorable stress (Mirizio et al., 2020). However, in our study, the level of physical fitness and level of training of participants were trained people, not athletes. ...
Lifestyle modification based on exercise combined with listening to music is a physiological-therapeutic approach, interesting to study to improve the lipid profile. Considering the lipid profile is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which will have an impact on increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the physiological response of moderate-intensity exercise by listening to music as a modulator of improving lipid profile in young adult men. This study involved 45 young adult men aged 19-21 years, body mass index 19.5-24.0 kg/m ² , and met other criteria that have been determined. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: HIPE (high-intensity exercise, n=15), MIPE (moderate-intensity exercise, n=15), and MIPEM (moderate-intensity exercise + music, n=15). Examination of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-C), which is a picture of the lipid profile using the COBAS MIRA system method, was carried out before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test were used to analyse the data. The results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of LDL, HDL, TG, T-C and blood glucose concentrations between the three groups (HIPE, MIPE, and MIPEM) (P<0.05). The results of the Tukey’s HSD post hoc test showed that MIPEM increased HDL concentrations and decreased LDL, TG, T-C and higher blood glucose compared to HIPE and MIPE, which is effective and without causing an increase in cortisol secretion and blood pressure. Therefore, MIPEM deserves to be recommended for a physiologic therapeutic approach as a lipid profile modulator.
... To create the sample's aerobic training program, the researchers calculated the necessary intensities by analyzing past studies and research, the majority of which were included in the discussion of previous studies on this topic. (65-75%) maximal heart rate is more than (80-90%) maximal heart rate [27], so the researchers chose a group sample in which the participants were separated by age into three groups: (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43), (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52) and (53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60). Two individuals from each age group were picked at random and dispersed among three intensity groups, with six persons for each intensity level, for a total of eighteen participants. ...
... These findings are congruent with the findings of this study. The study revealed a statistically significant effect of endurance exercise on LDL-C levels [46][47][48], indicating its efficacy in reducing LDL-C. The endurance training program in this study demonstrated a significant reduction in LDL-C levels in the medium-intensity group (mean: 201.67) with a statistical significance of (0.029) and the high-intensity group (mean: 209.33) with a statistical significance of (0.042). ...
Cardiovascular disease risk reduction has been associated with regular exercise. The underlying mechanism for these benefits is believed to involve low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This study aimed to investigate the impact of different exercise intensities (low, medium, and high) on LDL-C levels, lipoprotein profiles, and other cardiovascular parameters in a controlled homogeneous population. The participants, comprising eighteen males aged 35 to 60, engaged in low, medium, or high-intensity endurance exercise for 45-60 minutes per day, three times per week, over a period of eight weeks. Based on their maximum heart rates, the participants were divided into three groups (low intensity: 50-65%, medium intensity: 65-75%, and high intensity: 80-90%). Statistical analysis (paired t-test) revealed that endurance training had a positive effect on reducing LDL-C levels at medium (p = 0.029) and high (p = 0.042) intensities, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant effect was observed at low intensity (p = 0.096). The Schiff test further demonstrated that medium-intensity endurance exercise was superior to other intensities in reducing LDL-C levels (mean = 201.67). Additionally, Scheffe's test indicated that moderate-intensity endurance training was superior to other intensities in the LDL/HDL ratio, while high-intensity endurance exercise was superior in increasing HDL-C levels. Furthermore, the study established a statistically significant link (p < 0.05) between endurance exercise and improvements in cardiorespiratory efficiency, as evidenced by improvement in VO 2 max, resting heart rate, blood pressure, and anthropometric alterations such as body mass index and weight.
... Many studies investigated the metabolic signature associated with chronic endurance exercise (Table S3). Improvements in lipid metabolism were documented [8][9][10][11][12][13]19,58,59], with significant variations observed in the concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetate (involved in ketolytic metabolism), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (utilized in phospholipid metabolism). Long-term metabolomic adaptations to chronic endurance exercise indicate an overall healthier lipid profile. ...
... Additionally, a significant elevation of lysophosphatidylcholine concentration was noted after the chronic resistance exercise intervention in Shen et al. [29]. Interestingly, Ahmeti et al. noted resistance training induced a comparable lipid profile to that caused by endurance training [58]. Although endurance training is expected to promote greater improvements to the lipid profile than resistance training, a number of studies nevertheless documented chronic resistance training as inducing significant improvements to cardiovascular risk factors [71,72]. ...
Exercise has many benefits for physical and mental well-being. Metabolomics research has allowed scientists to study the impact of exercise on the body by analyzing metabolites released by tissues such as skeletal muscle, bone, and the liver. Endurance training increases mitochondrial content and oxidative enzymes, while resistance training increases muscle fiber and glycolytic enzymes. Acute endurance exercise affects amino acid metabolism, fat metabolism, cellular energy metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism. Subacute endurance exercise alters amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Chronic endurance exercise improves lipid metabolism and changes amino acid metabolism. Acute resistance exercise changes several metabolic pathways, including anaerobic processes and muscular strength. Chronic resistance exercise affects metabolic pathways, resulting in skeletal muscle adaptations. Combined endurance–resistance exercise alters lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, increasing anaerobic metabolic capacity and fatigue resistance. Studying exercise-induced metabolites is a growing field, and further research can uncover the underlying metabolic mechanisms and help tailor exercise programs for optimal health and performance.
... The body weight-based interval training protocol was adapted from studies by Klika et al. (21), as well as from other studies, and implemented with a few modifications (17,19,22). The subjects performed the training protocol for four weeks and three weekly sessions. ...
... The software can analyze HRV in the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear index. Compatible with Windows and Linux operating systems, Kobius supports ECG and RR data formats (22). The heart rate variability indices such as; (LFn.u), ...
Background: Following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019, medical face masks were widely recommended for large numbers of people and for long periods of time. The effect of wearing surgical and N95 face masks during long-term high-intensity interval training on the cardiac autonomic system has not been reported. Methods: Eighteen healthy men were randomly divided into three groups (surgical mask, N95 mask, and no mask) and performed high-intensity interval training with (80-90%-heart rate max) intensity three times a week, three repetitions in a session for four weeks. Heart rate variability parameters were evaluated with an electrocardiogram device and Kubius software. The R-R interval was recorded for 5 minutes in a sitting position in the pre-and post-modified Bruce test before and after four weeks of interval training to extract parasympathetic (RMSSD, HF, SD1), sympathetic indices (LF, LF/HF) and RR mean. We used the two-way ANOVA test and the Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: In all groups, four-week functional HIIT exercises increased the resting parasympathetic indices (RMSSD, SD1) compared to baseline levels. This increase was more evident in the N95 mask group than in the surgical mask group. In addition, the five-minute recovery of the cardiac autonomic system after a modified Bruce test following functional HIIT exercise increased parasympathetic tone (RMSSD, HFn.u) in all groups compared to baseline levels. Therefore, a four-week adaptation to HIIT exercises leads to faster recovery of sympathetic indices (LFn.u, LF/HF) in the Nomask group, as compared to the surgical and N95 groups. Despite the above, there was no significant difference in the recovery and resting values of cardiac autonomic system indices between the two types of surgical masks and N95 compared to the control group (No mask). Conclusions: Four weeks of high-intensity interval training using surgical and N95 face masks improved the cardiac autonomic nervous system. This data is important for recommending the use of face masks during physical activity.
... Independentemente dos programas de treinamento (aeróbio e neuromuscular) utilizados por ambos os tipos de organizações militares, são observados perfis metabólicos favoráveis (AHMETI et al., 2020;MOGHARNASI et al., 2017). No estudo de Schroeder et al. (2019), verificou-se que as alterações induzidas por três programas de treinamento distintos durante oito semanas nos lipídios e glicemia de jejum foram pequenas e não variaram entre os grupos de treinamento e o de controle, sem treinamento. ...
... Nesse cenário, elencamos esse resultado como satisfatório, pois indivíduos com um melhor VO 2máx apresentam associações positivas com indicadores de saúde e estão associados a menor prevalência de síndrome metabólica (KELLEY et al., 2018). Este artigo encontrou, portanto, associação entre a ACR e os marcadores bioquímicos TRIG e HDL-c, o que corrobora estudos que demonstram que o treinamento aeróbio e níveis mais elevados de ACR estão relacionados aos menores riscos cardiometabólicos (AHMETI et al., 2020;HAAPALA et al., 2022). ...
Foram comparados os perfis metabólico e cardiorrespiratório de 301 militares do sexo feminino, integrantes tanto de Organizações Militares Não-Operativas (OMNOP) quanto de Organizações Militares Operativas (OMOP) do Exército Brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, que analisou as seguintes variáveis: aptidão cardiorrespiratória, marcadores bioquímicos e composição corporal. Na diferença das médias do VO2máx, as militares das OMOP tiveram escores estatisticamente maiores (M = 36,2 ± 4,4 ml/kg/min) do que as das OMNOP (M = 34,2 ± 5,7 ml/kg/min). O VO2máx se correlacionou positivamente com o HDL-c (lipoproteína de alta densidade) e negativamente com triglicerídeo e o Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Já o IMC se correlacionou negativamente com o HDL-c e positivamente com triglicerídeo e glicose. A glicose, por sua vez, se correlacionou negativamente com o HDL-c. Os resultados deste artigo corroboram as evidências da literatura em relação às associações significativas, positivas e negativas, entre VO2máx e indicadores de saúde cardiovascular.
... Aerobic exercise model in 3 studies [13][14][15], anaerobic exercise model in 3 studies [16][17][18] resistance exercise model in 3 studies [19][20][21], team sports model in 2 studies [22,23], aerobic and resistance exercise model in 2 studies [24,25], aerobic and combined exercise model in 2 studies [26,27], aerobic and anaerobic exercise model in 1 study, anaerobic and combined exercise model in 1 study, and an anaerobic and combined exercise model in 1 study. On the other hand, aerobic, anaerobic, and resistance exercise model was used. ...
Objectives
Cardiovascular illnesses are well-known to be among the leading causes of death worldwide. HDL, LDL, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG), which make up the blood lipid profile are all indications of cardiovascular disease. Although exercise is known to improve these biomarkers, it is not clear which type of exercise is more effective in improving the blood lipid profile.
News
The present study aimed to examine which type of exercise is best for improving blood lipid profiles. Using the meta-analysis technique, data from the Google Scholar database, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were extracted until November 2021. Mean differences (MDs) were pooled using random or fixed-effects models according to the degree of heterogeneity of the respective outcomes. Eighteen studies [total of 562 participants (260 females and 182 males) (3 studies not specifying male-female numbers)] that met the inclusion criteria were grouped and evaluated.
Results and conclusion
Meta-analysis results showed that aerobic exercise significantly decreased TC and TG (MD = 14.06 mg/d 95% CI [−0.80 to 27.33] p = 0.04; MD = 23.82 mg/d 95% CI [13.27 to 34.38] p < 0.00001), anaerobic exercise decreased LDL, TC, and TG (MD = 16.91 mg/d 95% CI [1.49 to 32.34] p = 0.03; MD = 15.13 mg/d 95% CI [0.68 to 29.57] p = 0.04; MD) = 32.47 mg/d 95% CI [27.89 to 37.05] p < 0.00001) and resistance exercise significantly decreased TG (MD = 29.07 mg/d 95% CI [9.09 to 49.05] p = 0.004). The anaerobic exercise was the most effective type of exercise by developing more biomarkers. In addition, aerobic and resistance exercise effectively improved blood lipid profile. Unexpectedly, neither type of exercise showed a significant effect on HDL.
... Improving cardiorespiratory endurance can be specific to the type of activity. In the present study, cardiorespiratory endurance is similar to the improvement in VO2max observed following resistance training or moderate to high intensity running (24). In fact, the variety of cross-fit exercise programs can explain these results. ...
Changes in Physical Fitness Factors and Some Anthropometric Indices of Inactive Young Women Following Eight Weeks of Cross-Fit Training
