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The renewable energy resources are flattering a boon to the biosphere where electrical energy is an inadequacy. There are numerous forms of renewable energy resources in spite of their types the solar energy is particularly becoming prevalent due to its source abundance and direct conversion from the sunlight. The extraction of the solar power from...
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The use of solar cells despite being free of contamination and unlimited in terms of the amount of energy is considered as a costly way to generate energy. Two main factors may be enumerated as follows. First of all, the amount of sunlight and ambient temperature affected the amount of energy received from sunlight by solar panels, as long as the a...
Traditionally, III–V multi-junction cells have been used in concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) applications, which deliver extremely high efficiencies but have failed to compete with ‘flat-plate’ silicon technologies owing to cost. Here, we assess the feasibility of using metal halide perovskites for CPVs, and we evaluate their device performance and...
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... The term synchronization comes from synchronizing the pulse of the MOSFET/IGBT switch. The two switches Q 1 and Q 2 are controlled by two complementary PWM signals (Nagarajan et al., 2017). ...
For off-grid, standalone solar-fed water pumping has become a very viable option for small householder farmers. Appropriate configuration and control to suit this specific application are required. Buck, boost, and buck-boost converters are used to ensure impedance adaption between the solar PV generation and the load. However, these converters have switching harmonic problems. This problem is solved by the use of a single-ended primary inductor converter. Thus, a single-ended primary inductor converter is designed to overcome these drawbacks. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to design a single-ended primary inductive converter with a PI-like fuzzy controller. In this paper, synchronous SEPIC converter with PI-like fuzzy controller for PV-fed pumping system is modeled and designed. The system performance at different input conditions is evaluated. PI and PI-like fuzzy controllers have been compared using MATLAB/SIMULINK. PI-type fuzzy controller is less sensitive to input parameters variation than PI due to auto-tuning capability. Less than 2% output variation is recorded between 200 and 1000 W/m² irradiance. This show that output voltage is less sensitive to the input solar radiation with this SEPIC converter control. The steady-state result obtained in speed and flow rate were 141.4 rpm and 1.56 l/s, respectively, and the voltage error was 1.4 V. Thus, PI-like fuzzy controller was used to reduce the steady-state error. The results obtained with PI-like fuzzy controller in speed and flow rate were 143.6 rpm and 1.624 l/s at 6 m head, respectively. The voltage error is 0.2 V which is less than the PI converter error (1.4 V).
... Generally, a fuzzy rule system has four modules. There are specific components characteristic of a fuzzy controller to support a design procedure between the pre-processing block and post processing block [22]- [24]. Fig. 7 shows the MATLAB/Simulink model of system using fuzzy logic controller. ...
This paper demonstrates the importance of a fuzzy logic controller over conventional method. The performance of the separately excited DC motor is analyzed by using fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The FLC speed controller is designed based on the expert knowledge of the fuzzy rules system. The proposed DC motor speed control fuzzy rules are designed for fuzzy logic controller. The output response of the system is obtained by using fuzzy logic controller. The designed fuzzy controller for speed control performance is investigated. Significantly reducing the overshoot and shortening the settling time of the speed response of the motor. They validate different control of approaches, the simulation results show improvement in motor efficiency and speed performance.
... 3 Based on the PV effect, electrical energy is generated from solar light into direct current (DC) electricity. 4 The PV system generated electrical energy that is affected by some environmental conditions. 5 In standalone PV power systems, batteries are used to fulfill the mismatch of power among load demand and generated PV power. ...
This study presents a strategy for selecting an optimal location and placing the optimal photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage system. The power loss, voltage stability of the system, and also sizes of PV and storage are the major objectives, which are obtained through analytical crow search optimization (CSO) algorithm. Initially, the Newton‐Raphson load flow analysis is performed; and voltage, and losses of active and reactive power are calculated. The dynamic modelling of the proposed system time interval varies between 1 and 24 hours. The injection of active and reactive power is based on the nondispatchable PV, which can work under the optimal load flow. The major calculation of this work includes the fill factor, load, maximum power, battery, energy loss, and voltage stability. The two test systems, IEEE 33 and IEEE 69 bus systems, have been utilized for validating the performance of a proposed strategy. Finally, the proposed strategy has been compared with some different methods such as improved analytical (IA), exhaustive load flow (ELF), analytical multiobjective index (AIMO), analytical particle swarm optimization (A‐PSO), and fast IA (FIA). From the comparison results, the proposed strategy proves the efficient PV size selection for an optimal location to minimize power and voltage losses.
... There reference input signal is compared to reference output signal and the third signal is creates by feedback system. And the third signal work as input signal to control device [26]. This signal is extant as long as feedback signal is generated and there is difference between reference input signal and reference output signal. ...
This work is a prototype boat that can travel in water. This robot is powered by rechargeable battery. The direction of the robot can be precise by an RF remote. This can be moved forward and reverse direction by using geared motors, also this robot can take sharp turnings towards left and right directions. In this work the LPC2148, DC Servomotors, RF Technology; L293D H-Bridge is used to drive the DC Servomotor. A high sensitive camera is also interfaced to capture the surrounding things and also to transmit to the remote place. The RF modules used here are STT-868 MHz Transmitter, STR-868 MHz Receiver. The three switches are connected to the RF transmitter through RF Encoder. The encoder constantly recites the position of the switches and permits the data to the RF transmitter and the transmitter transmits the data for further process.
... Generally, a fuzzy rule system has four modules. There are specific components characteristic of a fuzzy controller to support a design procedure between the pre-processing block and post processing block [22]- [24]. Fig. 7 shows the MATLAB/Simulink model of system using fuzzy logic controller. ...
This paper demonstrates the importance of a fuzzy logic controller over conventional method. The performance of the separately excited DC motor is analyzed by using fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The FLC speed controller is designed based on the expert knowledge of the fuzzy rules system. The proposed DC motor speed control fuzzy rules are designed for fuzzy logic controller. The output response of the system is obtained by using fuzzy logic controller. The designed fuzzy controller for speed control performance is investigated. Significantly reducing the overshoot and shortening the settling time of the speed response of the motor. They validate different control of approaches, the simulation results show improvement in motor efficiency and speed performance.
... The modulation used in GSM is Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), a kind of continuousphase frequency shift keying. In GMSK, the signal to be modulated onto the carrier is first smoothed with a Gaussian low-pass filter prior to being fed to a frequency modulator, which greatly reduces the interference to neighboring channels (adjacent channel interference) [33], [34]. ...
The objective of the work is to monitoring the production lines in industry using wireless sensor networks. This work presents the benefits of an automated data collection and display system for production lines. It involves wireless sensor networks for monitoring the productions in industry. Condition monitoring reduces human inspection requirements through automated monitoring, reduces maintenance through detecting faults before they escalate and improves safety and reliability. This work can monitor productions using temperature, voltage and current sensors with support of microcontroller. The relay is acts like a switch to monitor the production lines. In this work, Global System for Mobile communication technique is used to transferring the collected data. The collection of data, it is transferred into computerize spreadsheet in the remote office by authorized personnel for reporting purpose. The system will generate an automated report which stays in place and the management only needs to act base on the results. This work is cost effective automatic data collection is the alternative to manual data collection. It significantly improves the accuracy of the valuable reports for the management. It also reduces the time for identifying the fault using this technique
... Because of this turn, the subsequent in the wrench movement is acquired. The wrench moves the driving connection gives the energy specifically line of activity with help of supporting a connection [35]. Figure 6 demonstrates the planar system of Klann's instrument and Figure 7 demonstrates the circuit board as part of Klann's component. ...
In this paper, discuss the spider mechanism (Klan's mechanism) for any random movements, whenever the transformation by wheel is not possible. In these aspects, the proposed assembled spider mechanism (Klan's mechanism) for any random movements in hectic places. It can step over curbs, climb stairs or travel areas that are currently not accessible with wheels. It is very useful to the patrolling purpose in army. The most important benefit of this mechanism is to deduct the complicated areas easily with the mechanisms. In this mechanism links are connected by pivoted joints and convert the rotating motion of the crank into the oscillatory motion absence of others.
... In the proposed converter, the coupled inductor is operated as both flyback and forward converters; therefore, the coupled inductor should be designed as a flyback transformer. The turn's ratio of the coupled inductor has an influence on the switch duty cycle [31]- [33], the voltage gain, and the voltage stress of power devices. The turn's ratio can be depicted by ...
This paper presents a new high step-up isolated DC-DC converter topology for photovoltaic system. The suggested configuration provides a converter with high voltage gain and reduced switch stress by using three coupled inductor with two hybrid voltage multiplier cell. The operation of the proposed converter is based on a charging capacitor with a single switch in its structure. A passive clamp circuit composed of capacitors and diodes is employed in the converter structure for lowering the voltage stress on the power switch as well as increasing the voltage gain of the converter. Since the voltage stress is low in the provided topology, a switch with a small ON-state resistance can be used. As a result, the losses are decreased and the efficiency is increased. The design of DC-DC boost converter is also discussed in detail. Simulation of DC-DC converter is performed in MATLAB/Simulink and the result are verified.
... Detailed Flowchart of the Systems The LED on meter continuously blinks which counts the meter reading. Based on the blinking, the units are counted[30] -[33]. ...
The electrical energy plays an major role in day to day life. as we know a person from electricity board (EB) department takes readings in meter by meter throughout the area. According to that the electric bill to be calculated, and they are handover the readings to the EB department as well as the customer. Because of that manual reading some interruption are takes place like overbilling amount, meter reading is not accurate. Today's world moves to an automotive mode. The possible solutions for that kind of problem are a wireless meter. In this project of intelligent energy meter (IEM) also a wireless meter uses IoT with prepaid mode. It is a fixed range meter. According to the utilities requirements the meter range will fixed. The Energy consumptions by the electrical loads in units are measured and those values are updated to cloud with real and reactive power. The energy consumed by the individual loads also being updated. Those parameters are send to the customer as well as the service provider (EB) by message through GSM and also by the HTML page. The Automatic connection and disconnections are made through HTML page. The main objective of the project is to monitor and control the status of energy consumption. Index Terms-Iintelligent Energy Meter-IEM, Electricity Board (EB), Liquid Crystal Display-LCD.
... Furthermore, the conversion efficiency is improved. The Operation principle of the topology is analyzed in details, which is followed by the comparison between the three topologies [26]. A control strategy for the quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) with a battery based photovoltaic power conversion system was presented. ...
The Effective photovoltaic (PV) power conditioning requires well organized power conversion and accurate maximum power point tracking to neutralize the effects of panel mismatch, shading, and variation in power output during a daily cycle. This paper presents a unique method for widening the input range of pulse width modulation of integrated resonant converters and it maintains high conversion efficiency with low component count, galvanic isolation and simple control circuit. The technique primarily unites constant ON, constant OFF, and fixed frequency control depending on the required duty cycle. With hybrid-frequency control, the circuit also retains zero current switching for the output diodes, minimizes the switching loss, and eliminates circulating energy at the transformer across the entire operating range.
