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Characteristics of postpartum parameters in the group of breastfed-children (85 children; 18 babies were born ≤36hbd).
Source publication
Down Syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal abnormality associated with a spectrum of cognitive and physical disabilities. Children with DS are exposed to both lower and excess body weight and follow distinct growth-curve patterns that deviate significantly from those of children without chromosomal defects. Anthropometric parameters are assessed in the pe...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... data were collected from 200-300 participants depending on the parameter. Detailed information concerning parents of children with DS (Table 1), the perinatal period (Table 2), comorbidities (Table 3), and L-thyroxine treatment were obtained. In addition, an online 4-questions questionnaire concerning the topic of growth charts and their usage in medical offices was conducted (Table 4). ...Citations
... The DS group displayed a higher tendency towards overweight and obesity compared to the CG group, a trend linked to considerable health risks including cardiovascular and metabolic issues [27,28]. The heightened prevalence of increased weight in the DS population points to their potential vulnerability to related health complications [29,30]. In contrast, the CG group showed a more balanced BMI, possibly due to a mix of metabolic, genetic, and lifestyle factors [31]. ...
Introduction
Atherosclerosis, a precursor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), is deeply intertwined with lipid metabolism. The metabolic process in the Down syndrome (DS) population remain less explored.
Aim of the study: This study examines the lipid profiles of DS in comparison to their siblings (CG), aiming to uncover potential atherosclerotic and CVD risks.
Material and methods
The study included 42 people with DS (mean age 14.17 years) and the CG – 20 individuals (mean age 15.92 years). Anthropometric measurements: BMI, BMI SDS, and TMI were calculated. Lipid profile (LP) and metabolomics were determined.
Results
LP: DS display significantly reduced HDL (DS vs. CG: 47±10 vs. 59 ±12 mg/dl; p = 0.0001) and elevated LDL (104 ±25 vs. 90 ±22 mg/dl; p = 0.0331). Triglycerides, APO A1, and APO B/APO A1 ratio corroborate with the elevated risk of CVD in DS. Despite no marked differences in: TCH and APO B, the DS group demonstrated a concerning BMI trend. Of 31 identified metabolites, 12 showed statistical significance (acetate, choline, creatinine, formate, glutamine, histidine, lysine, proline, pyroglutamate, threonine, tyrosine, and xanthine). However, only 8 metabolites passed the FDR validation (acetate, creatinine, formate, glutamine, lysine, proline, pyroglutamate, xanthine).
Conclusions
Down syndrome individuals show distinct cardiovascular risks, with decreased HDL and increased LDL levels. Combined with metabolomic disparities and higher BMI and TMI, this suggests an increased atherosclerosis risk compared to controls.
... In the teenage period, when PWDS gain more independence and the ability to choose the type and amount of food (with the predominance of processed products with excessive amount of salt and sugar), obesity begins to be most visible. Yahia et al. pointed out that prepubertal obese-DS displayed excess body adiposity with pronounced central fat distribution, atherogenic lipid profile, and higher insulin resistance compared with matched obese-control [85,86]. Wernio et al. pointed out that overweight children with DS were characterized by higher levels of triglycerides, atherogenic index of plasma, and apoA2 and apoE levels [87]. ...
People with Down syndrome (PWDS) are more at risk for developing obesity, oxidative stress disorders, metabolic disorders, and lipid and carbohydrate profile disorders than the general population. The presence of an additional copy of genes on chromosome 21 (i.e., the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) and gene coding for the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme) raises the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of disorders in metabolic processes and biochemical pathways, theoretically protective factors (low homocysteine level, high SOD1 level) do not fulfil their original functions. Overexpression of the CBS gene leads to the accumulation of homocysteine—a CVD risk factor. An excessive amount of protective SOD1, in the case of a lack of compensatory increase in the activity of catalase and peroxidase, leads to intensifying free radical processes. The occurrence of metabolic disorders and the amplified effect of oxidative stress carries higher risk of exposure of people with DS to CVD. At present, classic predispositions are known, but it is necessary to identify early risk factors in order to be able to employ CVD and obesity prophylaxis. Detailed determination of the metabolic and lipid profile may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVD.
Background
Feeding difficulty is widely recognized in patients with Down syndrome, and many patients require gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) placement for nutrition. No reliable factors have been identified to predict the expected duration of G‐tube feeds in patients with Down syndrome. This descriptive cohort study aimed to determine the factors affecting the duration of G‐tube feeds. We also investigated change in body mass index (BMI) from G‐tube placement to discontinuation.
Methods
Medical records of patients with Down syndrome seen by a pediatric gastroenterologist at a tertiary care center between September 1986 and December 2021 were reviewed. Data collection included demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, and feeding route. Comparison was performed between patients who discontinued G‐tube feeds and those who did not.
Results
Two hundred twenty patients (45% female) were included. The median age at G‐tube placement was 5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.2–1.3 years). There were 113 (51%) patients who discontinued G‐tube feeds, after a median duration of 31.6 months (IQR: 15.6–55.7 months). Tracheostomy was the only covariant associated with a longer duration of G‐tube feeds (158 months vs 53 months; P = 0.002). Neither age at G‐tube placement nor any comorbidities were associated with BMI status at discontinuation of G‐tube.
Conclusion
In our cohort of patients with Down syndrome, age at placement of G‐tube did not impact the duration of G‐tube feeds. Most patients who had a G‐tube placed were likely to require enteral feeds for at least 1 year. Those who had a tracheostomy needed their G‐tube for a longer time.
