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Littoral age 0+ fish were studied with respect to spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the deep-valley Římov Reservoir (Czech Republic) from June to October 2007 using point abundance sampling by electrofishing. The abundance and diversity of age 0+ fish in different types of littoral habitats were examined along the longitudinal gradient of the reserv...
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... littoral habitats of distinct characteristics were selected in three adjacent areas to cover all types of shoreline at the reservoir ( Fig. 2; Table 1). The distance of these habitats from the dam was measured using a GPS positioning system (Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx; Garmin International, Inc., Olathe, Kansas, USA). ...
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The effect of diel period and littoral habitats on the distribution of age-0 fish was tested in a deep-valley reservoir using boat-modified point abundance sampling by electrofishing (PASE). Day and night samplings unveiled differences in abundance of age-0 fish while recognizing most of the commonly present age-0 fish species in the littoral zone....
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Citations
... Knowledge of the abundance and distribution of fish is fundamental for efficient fishery management and conservation in these reservoirs (Methot and Wetzel, 2013). Large reservoirs are usually deep and have steep rubble-sloped banks and complex shore regions (Kratochvil et al., 2012;Miranda, 2017). Such habitat characteristics of large reservoirs make traditional survey techniques, using fishing gear (e.g. ...
... Hydroacoustic technique has been widely applied to determine the distribution and abundance of fish (Kubecka et al., 2012). This technique enables researchers to evaluate a substantial area with reliable, non-invasive and non-lethal surveys with low labour costs and a short assessment period (Simmonds and MacLennan, 2005). ...
Abundance and distribution information of fish in reservoirs is fundamental for efficient fishery management and conservation. However, habitat characteristics of large reservoirs usually make the traditional survey techniques impractical in acquiring these information. In this study, we investigated diurnal and vertical distribution of fish abundance and size composition in the middle section of the Danjiangkou Reservoir through hydroacoustic survey. Fish abundance estimated at night was 4.97 times of that during day. Fishes were highly concentrated in the water-depth layers between 10 and 20 m at night and scattered evenly across whole water column during day. Fish was highly dominant by individuals smaller than 5.5 cm total length (TL) at night and by individuals between 6.2 and 7.8 cm TL during day. Size composition was constant across depth between 10 and 25 m at night and between 15 and 25 m during day, while the proportion of small-sized fish was higher than in the other water-depth layers. Our results indicated an intensive diurnal movement of fish in the reservoir which provides basic information for efficient fishery management on juvenile fish in the littoral zone during day and the diurnal movement pattern in the reservoir suggests that hydroacoustic surveys should be conducted at night for accurate abundance estimation in large reservoirs.
... The comparison between the benthic net catches shows that the mild slope "beach-type" habitats contained more fish than the steep slopes. Although the steep slopes may be more structured by rocks and tree remains [30,54], they are more open and clearly less safe for prey fish (see also [40]). The soft bottom substrate of mild slope shores is more favorable for benthic macroinvertebrates, and habitats with gentle slopes have also been found to have slightly higher densities of cladoceran D. galeata. ...
Fish communities differ significantly between the littoral and the pelagic habitats. This paper attempts to define the shift in communities between the two habitats based on the European standard gillnet catch. We sampled the benthic and pelagic habitats from shore to shore in Lake Most and Římov Reservoir (Czech Republic). The 3 m deep pelagic nets were spanned across the water body at equal distances from two boundary points, where the depth was 3.5 m. The benthic community contained more fish, more species, and smaller individuals. The mild sloped littoral with a soft bottom attracted more fish than the sloping bank with a hard bottom and less benthos and large Daphnia. The catch of the pelagic nets was dominated by eurytopic fish—rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in Most and bleak (Alburnus alburnus) in Římov. With the exception of one case where overgrown macrophytes extended the structured habitat, the largest shift from the benthic to the pelagic community was observed only in the first pelagic gillnet above the bottom depth of 3.5 m. Open water catches were relatively constant with small signs of decline towards the middle of the lake. The results indicate that the benthic gillnet catch is representative of a very limited area and volume, while most of the volume is dominated by the pelagic community. This has important consequences for the assessment of the community parameters of the whole lake following the European standards for gillnet sampling design.
... The maximum depth of the reservoir is 45 m, the mean depth is 16 m, the volume is 33.6 9 10 6 m 3 and the mean theoretical retention time is *100 days. Perch is one of the dominant fish species in the reservoir (Ř íha et al., 2009) showing, at least in some years, very high reproduction success (Č ech & Kubečka, 2006;Jůza et al., 2010Jůza et al., , 2012Kratochvíl et al., 2012). In late spring, the abundant community of bathypelagic perch fry is a common phenomenon in the reservoir (Č ech & Kubečka, 2006;Kuchta et al., 2009;Jůza et al., 2012;Petrtýl et al., 2015). ...
At depths smaller than those of the daytime bathypelagic layers, the vertically migrating perch Perca fluviatilis fry form a benthic community. Modified Breder traps were used for sampling these deep benthic perch fry during their daylight stay in the benthic habitat of Římov Reservoir, Czech Republic, in spring 2007 and 2009. The size and condition of perch caught in the traps (the catch was removed in late afternoon) was compared to that of fish caught by trawl in the bathypelagic habitat at midday and by electrofishing in the littoral habitat at midday. Perch from the traps were in significantly worse condition compared to those from the trawl and electrofishing. All fish left in the traps overnight were dead. It is likely that the evening migration to the epilimnion is essential for perch fry performing diel vertical migrations in stratified canyon-shaped reservoirs. The sampling efficiency of traps is strongly affected by the abundance of targeted fish and their swimming activity in a cold and dark benthic habitat.
... Despite the positive effect of the submerged vegetation on fishes, promoted by artificial (Santos et al., 2011) or natural structures (Miranda et al., 2010;Gois et al., 2012;Kratochvíl et al., 2012), the removal or maintenance of the arboreal vegetation in areas that would be flooded by damming is controversial. Several studies have shown that sites with a complex structure in aquatic environments have complex food webs (Roth et al., 2007;Helmus & Sass, 2008;Carey et al., 2010), as they provide substrata for periphyton colonization and, thus, have higher primary productivity, promoting higher abundance of zooplankton and early stages of the invertebrate life cycle, which are sources of food for fish larvae (Hahn & Fugi, 2007). ...
It was hypothesized that the structural heterogeneity provided by submerged trees positively favours the spatial distribution of fish abundance at early stages of development in an area under the influence of a Neotropical reservoir in the Paraná River basin. The distribution at early stages of development of the most abundant species was evaluated. To remove any possible confounding effect related to local environmental variables, changes in these were also evaluated. Sampling was carried out at sites with and without submerged trees. Among all individuals sampled, 96·1% were classified as larvae and 3·9% as juveniles. The area without submerged trees showed higher total abundance, but there were spatial differences in the distribution of early stage fishes. From the moment the larvae are able to swim actively, they search for sites with a complex structure. The results show that reaches with submerged trees play an important role in the early development of fishes in reservoirs, and, hence, the preservation of those trees is essential to maintain biodiversity in reservoirs.
... The beach seine was 10 m long and 2 m high, with a mesh size of 1.7 mm. The volume of a seine haul was approximately 80 m 3 , depending on the slope of the littoral habitat and the area sampled when drawing the seine towards the shore (Kratochvíl et al., 2012). A fixed-frame trawl, with a mouth opening of 3 × 3 m, a length of 5.4 m and a mesh size of 6 mm in the belly and 3 mm in the cod end, was used for trawling. ...
Fish recruitment in riverine reservoirs is not fully understood because the long-term data series required for standard stock-recruitment models are often lacking. In this study, two unrelated piscivorous species with different ecologies, asp (Leuciscus aspius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), were investigated over a 14-year period in a reservoir in the Czech Republic using a novel informative statistical approach based on dimension reduction methods. This method is useful for situations in which potential predictors are equal to, or exceed, the length of the time series. Recruitment of asp fry was affected by zooplankton abundance, predator density and temperature. Recruitment of pikeperch fry measured with seine and trawls was only affected by the number of predators, while recruitment of pikeperch fry estimated with gillnet data was also affected by temperature and water level fluctuation. Although gillnets are commonly used sampling method, it seems to be inappropriate for developing fry predicting model. This research also highlights the use of a novel approach to dimension reduction for analysis of factors affecting recruitment using shorter time series (in our case 13 years).
... The littoral zone is without submerged aquatic macrophytes because of the steep banks and high water level fluctuations (Hladík & Kubečka, 2003). Based on the bottom substrate and slope, four distinctive habitats can be distinguished in the reservoir inshore area (Kratochvíl et al., 2012) (I) beach (unstructured littoral)—bottom without any structures but with only a low occurrence of small boulders (\20 mm) and a gentle slope (\10°), length of shoreline (LS) represented by this habitat is 4,553 m and the proportion of this habitat from the total shoreline (PTS) is 22.07%; (II) stumps (structured littoral)—bottom with gentle slopes (\8°) and remains of flooded terrestrial vegetation as stumps and branches (these bottom structures) cover app. 5–15% of the bottom area in this habitat in the sampled reservoir section (Fig. 1), LS = 1,659 m and PTS = 8.04 %; (III) rubble (structured littoral)— bottom with large boulders ([20 mm), a higher slope (30°–35°) and sporadic occurrence of stumps as well, LS = 11,881 m and PTS = 57.59%; ...
We investigated diel habitat use of fish covering the littoral and pelagic zones of the Římov Reservoir (Czech Republic) and analyzed the influence of predator presence and of shifting feeding habitats in all dominant species and age groups. Our sampling revealed distinctive diel changes of fish distribution in the reservoir, which were age- and species-dependent. The overall abundance of subadult fish in littoral habitats was significantly higher at night than during the daytime. Subadults were almost absent in pelagic habitat during the day and their presence increased during the night, although densities were smaller than in the littoral. Adults preferred the pelagic zone during the day and partly migrated to the littoral at night. Potential fish predators were most likely responsible for small fish avoidance of the littoral and pelagic zones during day. Higher availability of food in the littoral was the most important driver of the high occurrence of subadults at night. Day preference of pelagic zone by adults is most likely caused by higher profitability of this habitat in comparison with littoral. The reasons for night inshore migration of adults are not obvious, but the homogenization of their distribution or resting in the littoral could explain such behavior.
... The littoral zone of a reservoir is scarcely uniform (Brosse et al. 2007), and many authors mention a crucial role of littoral structural complexity for fish (Jennings et al. 1999; Poulet et al. 2005). However, the importance of the littoral zone may differ among habitats: at least two distinct habitats are formed in typical canyon-shaped reservoirs–rubble slopes and beaches (Kratochvíl et al. 2012). Due to functions of reservoirs, such as water storage and power generation , water levels usually vary in time (Winfield 2004; Krolov a et al. 2011). ...
... When the slope is mild, the fine particles sediment on the bottom which results in sandy or muddy beaches (Li et al. 2001; Krolov a et al. 2011). Considering that reservoirs are often flooded forested valleys, habitats densely embedded with tree stumps are common in recently filled reservoirs (Kratochvíl et al. 2012). However, stump fields are missing in older reservoirs due to decomposition of roots. ...
... In most reservoirs, the presence of submerged aquatic vegetation is usually restricted to tributaries where the water level is nearly constant (Krolov a et al. 2011). Finally, rocks are a common littoral habitat in reservoirs (Kratochvíl et al. 2012), but depth varies greatly in this habitat due to steep slope and thus prevents properly made littoral sampling in desired depth with benthic gillnets. Fish habitat associations in lotic waters are driven mainly by stream width, water velocity, substrate type and underwater structures (Gosselin et al. 2010; Santos et al. 2011 ). ...
Fish associations with different types of littoral habitats were studied in four canyon-shaped reservoirs in the Czech Republic in years 2010 and 2011 by gillnets. Two to three habitats per reservoir–beaches (former meadows), stump fields (former forest) and rubble slopes–were defined and sampled along the longitudinal axis of reservoirs. Effects of reservoir, habitat and locality (position along longitudinal axis) on fish biomass, abundance and species structure were tested for juvenile and adult fish separately. Hierarchical analysis of variance revealed that habitats differed significantly in fish biomass and abundance. Redundancy analysis showed that analysed environmental variables had significant influence on fish community structure. Most variability in community structure was explained by reservoir and then by combination of habitat and slope steepness. Locality position had the smallest influence on community structure. For both adult and juvenile fish total abundance and biomass, the most inhabited habitat was beaches; rubble slopes were the least inhabited. Habitat associations differed among species. Among adults, bream Abramis brama, white bream Blicca bjoerkna and roach Rutilus rutilus were associated with beaches and stump fields, whereas perch Perca fluviatilis, ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus, asp Aspius aspius and pike Esox lucius were associated with rubble slopes. Bream, white bream, bleak Alburnus alburnus, roach, ruffe and pikeperch Sander lucioperca were associated with beaches among juveniles, whereas the only juvenile associated with rubble slopes was perch. We showed that most common species are associated with distinct habitats and also that utilisation of various littoral habitats differs in general.
... Deep-valley reservoirs, on the other hand, are well known for their poorly developed littoral zones with a sparse density or even total lack of macrophytes. The littoral zone of such reservoirs is typically characterized by a low diversity of habitats and, generally, a low degree of structural complexity with a prevalence of steeply sloping banks (Vašek et al., 2006;Kahl et al., 2008;Kratochvíl et al., 2012). However, sloping rubble habitats, characterized by a coarse substratum, are generally similar to steeply sloped banks and could increase the level of structural complexity and protection against predation in the littoral zone, thus providing, to a certain extent, a substitute for the cover provided by aquatic macrophytes (Irwin et al., 1997;Jennings et al., 1999;Kratochvíl et al., 2012). ...
... The littoral zone of such reservoirs is typically characterized by a low diversity of habitats and, generally, a low degree of structural complexity with a prevalence of steeply sloping banks (Vašek et al., 2006;Kahl et al., 2008;Kratochvíl et al., 2012). However, sloping rubble habitats, characterized by a coarse substratum, are generally similar to steeply sloped banks and could increase the level of structural complexity and protection against predation in the littoral zone, thus providing, to a certain extent, a substitute for the cover provided by aquatic macrophytes (Irwin et al., 1997;Jennings et al., 1999;Kratochvíl et al., 2012). Moreover, productive warm, shallow and gently sloped habitats are considered as environment more advantageous for small fish in comparison with the dangerous, homogenous pelagic zone and could serve as a refuge and feeding base for age-0 fish to accelerate their growth when aquatic vegetation is lacking (Duncan & Kubečka, 1995;Duncan et al., 2001;Kratochvíl et al., 2012). ...
... However, sloping rubble habitats, characterized by a coarse substratum, are generally similar to steeply sloped banks and could increase the level of structural complexity and protection against predation in the littoral zone, thus providing, to a certain extent, a substitute for the cover provided by aquatic macrophytes (Irwin et al., 1997;Jennings et al., 1999;Kratochvíl et al., 2012). Moreover, productive warm, shallow and gently sloped habitats are considered as environment more advantageous for small fish in comparison with the dangerous, homogenous pelagic zone and could serve as a refuge and feeding base for age-0 fish to accelerate their growth when aquatic vegetation is lacking (Duncan & Kubečka, 1995;Duncan et al., 2001;Kratochvíl et al., 2012). ...
The effect of diel period and littoral habitats on the distribution of age-0 fish was tested in a deep-valley reservoir using boat-modified point abundance sampling by electrofishing (PASE). Day and night samplings unveiled differences in abundance of age-0 fish while recognizing most of the commonly present age-0 fish species in the littoral zone. Night survey provided better information about the abundance of age-0 fish since most species appeared in higher numbers at night. Alternatively, night sampling underestimated bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and gudgeon (Gobio gobio), which were predominantly found in the littoral zone in the daytime. The structure of the age-0 fish assemblage was determined primarily by the characteristics of the littoral habitats, i.e. slope steepness and structure, and three different patterns of habitat use were detected among the fish species. To obtain the most comprehensive assessment of a littoral age-0 fish assemblage and to register all species-specific patterns of habitat use, it is necessary that all littoral habitats in the reservoir are sampled during both day and night periods. The boat-modified PASE could be also used as a standard monitoring tool for routine age-0 fish sampling under difficult conditions of steep-sloped shorelines in large inland waterbodies.
... The trophic status of the reservoir is moderately eutrophic. The shoreline of the reservoir is composed of rubble slopes (55%), beaches (23%), rocks (14%) and stumps (8%, Kratochvíl et al., 2012). Terrestrial vegetation is sporadically flooded in years with high water levels. ...
... Another debatable fact connected with inshore sampling is that we only sampled the unstructured littoral habitats (beaches) using beach seine and, therefore, species inhabiting the structured littoral areas were beyond our scope. According to the results of Kratochvíl et al. (2012) beaches are habitats with the highest abundance and species diversity in August in the Ř ímov Reservoir. Rubble slopes and rocks were found to be strongly preferred by perch and shorelines with tree stumps were dominated by perch and roach. ...
... Rubble slopes and rocks were found to be strongly preferred by perch and shorelines with tree stumps were dominated by perch and roach. The only inaccuracy we have done by sampling in unstructured littoral areas only is that we have likely significantly underestimated the occurrence of littoral perch because this species was found to have a strong affinity to structured littoral areas (especially rubble slopes, Kratochvíl et al., 2012). The shoreline character has, beyond all doubt, a strong influence on diurnal fish distribution. ...
Large year-to-year variability in different fish species recruitment has been confirmed by previous studies while diurnal patterns of occupation in two basic reservoir habitats (pelagic and littoral) by different age-0 fish species in late summer are still unclear. Data collected over an 11-year period regarding late-summer age-0 fish assemblages in pelagic and littoral habitats of a reservoir were used to test the recruitment instability and to investigate diurnal habitat use. Trawling was conducted in the pelagic habitat at night while beach seining was conducted in the littoral habitat during day and night. Fluctuations in age-0 fish abundance and species composition were observed with both sampling methods; however, the following spatio-temporal patterns were relatively stable in most investigated years: (1) pelagic species (pikeperch; Sander lucioperca, small perch; Perca fluviatilis, bream; Abramis brama at night), (2) littoral species (large perch, asp; Leuciscus aspius, dace; Leuciscus leuciscus), (3) migratory species likely performing diel horizontal migrations (bleak; Alburnus alburnus), (4) species abundant in the littoral habitat both during day and night and also in pelagic habitat at night (roach; Rutilus rutilus) and (5) species detected in both habitats exclusively at night (ruffe; Gymnocephalus cernuus).
... Small bays (Figure 1) are protected from the wind from most directions. Perch is one of the dominant fish species in the reservoir (Říha et al., 2009), showing, at least in some years, very high reproduction success (Čech and Kubečka, 2006;Jůza et al., 2010Jůza et al., , 2012Kratochvíl et al., 2012). Chabařovice Lake is a newly created, opencast mine lake where aquatic restoration started in 2001. ...
The roles of wind protected bays, presence of littoral vegetation and light attenuation
in the water column on spawning site selection and depth of egg strands deposition by
perch Perca fluviatilis was studied in Římov Reservoir, Czech Republic,
in the years 2007 and 2011 using boat observation and SCUBA divers. The data were compared
with results from Chabařovice Lake, Czech Republic, where similar monitoring took place in
2007–2010 and 2012. In shallow water of Římov Reservoir, the density of egg strands was
significantly higher in grass bays compared to both rocky bays and the main reservoir
body. Most egg strands were deposited in water less than 0.5 m deep on reed canarygrass
Phalaris arudinacea. In year when the littoral vegetation was absent
perch were forced to spawn significantly deeper on various types of woody structures. In
Římov Reservoir, which is less vulnerable to wind, 91.1% of egg strands were spawned in
water ≤3 m deep. In contrast, in the wind exposed Chabařovice Lake, even in the
presence of littoral vegetation, 90.5% of egg strands were found at depths greater than 3
m. In Chabařovice Lake, the light penetrated to three times greater depth compared to
Římov Reservoir and, similarly, the depth limit to which 95% of egg strands were spawned
was three times greater in this lake compared to Římov Reservoir. This study is the first
contribution showing the role of water transparency in controlling the depth distribution
of perch egg strands in lakes and reservoirs.
