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![Changes in raw material origin and types of demand for plantation forest timber. Source: [2,11].](profile/Nguyen-Minh-10/publication/353452131/figure/fig1/AS:1049730394112000@1627286637592/Changes-in-raw-material-origin-and-types-of-demand-for-plantation-forest-timber-Source.png)
Source publication
Vietnam’s forestry policies have expanded the area of planted forests in order to meet the supply of raw materials for the timber processing industry. However, the diversity and volume of demand in the industry have also increased, and a shortage of raw materials can be assumed. For clarifying the correspondence of stakeholders, we explore changes...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the other hand, a ban on logging in natural forests was introduced in 2014. The supply of timber from natural forests was systematically halted, except for that from auctions of seized timber from illegal logging or from the excess originating from road construction [2] ( Figure 1). Furthermore, imported timber accounts for two-thirds of the raw materials used in the wood processing industry [8][9][10]. ...
Context 2
... concern for illegality is lower than that of timber from natural forests and imported timber, which is also a factor contributing to the growth in demand for planted forests [11]. As a result, inquiries about timber from planted forests have been increasing in recent years for the production of medium density fiberboard (MDF) and wood pellets, in addition to their conventional use for producing paper, lumber, and glued laminated timber (Figure 1). The increased demand for wood pellets is due to their growing use as fuel in large-scale wood biomass power plants that were established under Japan's feed-in-tariff system. ...
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Citations
... A feature of the construct clarity approach is also to show how empirical results differ across main Number of people in one party's bargaining team Min et al. (1995) The size of a negotiating team may influence bargaining outcomes Table 4 (continued) Certain tactics (e.g., aggressive bargaining may be less used in some countries/regions than in others, who may prefer a problem-solving approach (2006) There is a strong preference for fairness (and a lack of coercion) in human interaction so people who experience unfairness tend to react with anger, resentment and loss of motivation measurement types and this is particularly evident in the research on the impact of size on bargaining outcomes, which presents counterintuitive findings on the role of size/volume. Some research shows that forming groups increases bargaining power (Iwanaga et al. 2021;Niu et al. 2016); ; ; consortium and group buying leads to better bargaining power (Chae et al. 2006) and negotiating outcomes (Sampriti et al., 2022). However, it has also been shown that the scale of public hospitals does not positively correlate with bargaining power (Stenger 2000), whereas the management responsibility for economic efficiency does (Noto et al. 2017). ...
... Several implications have been identified for those working in PSM which are reflected in the different areas shown in Fig. 4. At an organisational/departmental level, a key way of generating bargaining power is to increase spend volume (Chaves et al. 2017;Den Ambtman et al. 2020), which could be achieved by joining consortia and group buying (Xu et al. 2016;Iwanaga et al. 2021) and also bundling spend requirements (Schoenherr and Mabert 2008). Having suitable supply alternatives (Ansar 2013) has been shown to increase bargaining power, but this will not always be possible depending on the supply market. ...
Bargaining with suppliers is a key Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM) activity but there is considerable ambiguity over what bargaining entails and the concept currently lacks a systematic treatment, despite its significant interest to PSM professionals. The literature shows that bargaining can be seen as an adversarial approach to negotiation (in contrast to more integrative/collaborative ones) and also the back-and-forth discussion over price and other variables between buying and supplying organisations to reach an agreement. In addition, many will move between fundamentally distributive and integrative approaches as the discussions play out. A systematic literature review of the Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, JSTOR and Web of Science databases was undertaken to address this gap, identifying 427 relevant journal papers that were systematically analysed. First, descriptive techniques identified the trajectory of published papers, methods, theories and their industrial context. Second, content analysis identified the key constructs and associated operational measures/variables of bargaining. Third, the constructs have then been ordered temporally and by areas of location (organisational/departmental and individual levels) to generate a model and inform a series of practice-based recommendations at different stages of the bargaining process. The findings will allow future researchers to use the constructs either directly in developing focused hypotheses to test relationships or as a basis for refinement and extension in cumulative theory building and testing. In addition, a series of focused research gaps have been identified, such as addressing the current contradictory findings of the effect of purchasing volume or organisational size on bargaining power.
... This is why there is a need to establish additional forest areas that would act as resource-feed to sawmill industries [22]. A study conducted in Vietnam showed how policies are geared towards establishing planted forests and developing the wood processing industry to increase the [23]. This is due to the need for the necessary technology and raw materials to develop higher-priced products and customised services in sawmilling [24]. ...
In the era of globalised trade, abundant forest resources are no longer the primary source of sustainable competitiveness for sawmills but rather a primary resource owned by most sawmills. Strategies applied in sawmilling firms have been approached generally, whereas the role of intangible and tangible resources in constructing firm-level success has received less concentration in the literature. Although vital insights can be derived from the business economic literature on other industries, comprehensive research is required to explain the resource-based view of the firm and identify resources that can contribute to sustainable competitive advantage in sawmills. The resource-based view was used as the base theory to examine the South African sawmill industry firms in this study. A desktop study on the available resources was conducted to determine the resources within the sawmills. The results will help guide what resources have benefits to firms.
... Vietnam's processing industry remains heavily dependent on imported raw wood materials, constituting 80% of its overall supply (Nambiar 2021). Most Vietnamese forest owners commonly consider the cash flows from harvesting timber alone and overlook the ecological benefits of forests (Iwanaga et al. 2021;Sandewall et al. 2010). Given the limited availability of land and the increasing demands being placed on their forests for both timber yield and environmental services in the provision of the post-Paris Climate Agreements, there has been a need to investigate alternative forest management strategies that are the most efficient and profitable method of production. ...
Using an extended full-cycle carbon model from the Faustmann framework, which allows for management strategies of several uses concurrently implemented in the same area of forest, this paper investigates the selection of management objectives that are beneficial and optimal for forest plantations in Vietnam. Three scenarios are considered: Scenario 1 investigates the management objective of maximizing the land economic value (LEV) of timber as a single production. Scenario 2 investigates the joint production of timber and bioenergy sources. Scenario 3 analyzes the joint production of timber, bioenergy production, and carbon sequestration. The findings reveal that if growers pursue a timber management objective (Scenario 1), the farming business only provides considerable benefits under the government-subsidized credit scheme of 8.4%. For a higher non-subsidized interest rate of 15.24% of commercial banks, such gains reduce substantially and become negative value under the mean interest rate of 19.08% of private credit sources. Altering the management objective to a joint production of timber and raw bioenergy production (Scenario 2) will boost the LEV by a moderate level, but at the expense of timber production and thus carbon stock. However, the reduction tendency of timber and carbon balance is not substantial due mainly to the relatively small proportion of bioenergy production compared to timber production; therefore, decision-making frameworks targeting carbon uptake may be capable of incorporating such levels of confliction. Further internalizing the carbon value of the forest into management objectives generally leads to a longer rotation length, thus improving both carbon sequestration and income gains. Shifting the current timber-dominant management objective to a joint production of timber and bioenergy sources, or, alternatively, a joint production of timber, bioenergy production, and carbon sequestration when the carbon market is emerging, is a good alternative strategy for forest management in Vietnam.
... Furthermore, the export of wood and forest products earned US$9.4 billion in 2018 [6] and increased to US$12.3 billion in 2020 [10]. Even though the plantation area has continued to increase over time, it is insufficient to meet the demand of the local wood processing industry [11]. ...
The planted forest area in Vietnam increased from 3.0 to 4.4 million hectares in the period 2010–2020, but the loss of productivity from pests and diseases continues to be a problem. During this period, frequent and systematic plantation forest health surveys were conducted on 12 native and 4 exotic genera of trees as well as bamboo across eight forest geographic regions of Vietnam. Damage caused by insects and pathogens was quantified in the field and laboratory in Hanoi. The threats of greatest concern were from folivores (Antheraea frithi, Arthroschista hilaralis, Atteva fabriciella, Hieroglyphus tonkinensis, Lycaria westermanni,Krananda semihyalina, and Moduza procris), wood borers (Batocera lineolata, Euwallacea fornicatus, Tapinolachnus lacordairei, Xyleborus perforans, and Xystrocera festiva), sap-sucking insects (Aulacaspis tubercularis and Helopeltis theivora) and pathogens (Ceratocystis manginecans, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora acaciivora). The number of new and emerging pests and pathogens increased over time from 2 in 2011 to 17 in 2020, as the damage became more widespread. To manage these pests and diseases, it is necessary to further invest in the selection and breeding of resistant genotypes, improve nursery hygiene and silvicultural operations, and adopt integrated pest management schemes. Consideration should be given to developing forest health monitoring protocols for forest reserves and other special-purpose forests.
