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... Scanning Electron Microscope. The presence of different compounds that are responsible for the production of silver nanorods were observed using (FTIR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Then further experimentations were done to study the Antidiabetic properties of Nigella sativa using animal models. The animal model used was Swiss Albino mice. The mice were taken and weighed at an average weight of 25-50gms. The mice were divided into five groups where each group comprised of five mice. In (group-1) the mice were given saline and were checked for its Blood glucose level and weight. In (group-2) the mice were fed with silver nanorods in normal conditions and tested for blood glucose level and body weight. In (group-3) the mice were given Alloxan which stops the insulin production by destroying the insulin producing cell so the glucose level is increased. In (group-4) the mice were fed with alloxan and the synthesized nanorods. In (group-5) the mice were fed with alloxan and a positive control Merformin and tested for its blood glucose level and body weight (Aftab Ahmad, 2014; Raju, S., K. Hemamalini, 2012). The colour change from pale yellow to tan- brownish colour (Fig 1) was observed, this shows the presence of silver nanoparticles. The colour change is due to the optical property called surface plasmon resonance. Then the maximum absorbance was determined by scanning the solution between the range 400-480nm. Maximum absorbance or Plasmon resonance peak was observed at 446nm (Fig 2) which confirms the presence of siver nanoparticles. SEM analysis was done to check the dimensions and shape of the nanoparticles. In Fig 3 it is seen that the average size was found to be 77.7nm and the length and width were noted to be 1.09 micrometer and 239nm respectively. The FTIR spectroscopy results (Fig 4) shows the compounds responsible for the production of silver nanorods. FTIR spectroscopy, scanned at a range 1 500-4000cm- of resolution to ensure the formation of silver nanoparticles. Bands are observed at 3420, 1 2920, 1630, 1380, 1020 and 583 cm- . The bands at 1 3420 and 2920 cm- showed that reduction of silver 1 ions in NPs. The band at 1630 cm- showed the N-H bonding vibrate of amides. The band in seed extract 1 at 1630 to 1380 cm- after the bio reduction of AgNP’s indicated the C=C stretching mode in the aromatic compounds which confirmed the presence of aromatic compounds like ...
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Background: Nigella sativa (N. sativa) has a special place in herbal medicines that are used in plant-based treatment of different ailments.
Citations
... This assumption is further supported by the fact that a single characteristic peak associated with the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) of the Ag-NPs was at 421 nm observed in the UV-VIS spectrum of the mixture (Fig. 1d) (Xiao et al., 2022). The observance of SPR indicates that the frequency of the oscillating plasmons present at the surface of the Ag-NPs is corresponding to the frequency of incident UV-VIS radiations which result in the acquisition of resonance phenomenon appearing in the form of the characteristics band of Ag-NPs at 421 nm (Kumar et al., 2015). The UV-VIS peak not only provides essential information regarding the formation of the understudy NPs but also provides information regarding the morphology of the understudy NSs. ...
Silver nanostructures were synthesized by utilizing facile and simple green methodology based on the usage of biogenic Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the numerous phytochemicals were found to be present in the extract that were responsible for reducing the precursor salt into nanoparticles. After 10 min, the silver nanoparticles were formed in the system while the further nucleation for 30 min resulted in the generation of the silver nanostructures with dual morphology (spherical & rod-like morphology). The reaction time/nucleation time was found to be the major factor responsible for the modulation of the morphology of the biogenic nanomaterials. The crystalline nature with the cubic crystal system was observed in the case of the silver nanostructure via X-ray diffraction analysis. The antimicrobial efficacy investigated for these nanostructures revealed that the silver nanostructures possess comparable or greater efficacy than the selected control. The excellent efficacy is attributed to the smaller size and the peculiar morphological characteristics of the silver nanostructures. The catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol via silver nanostructures was also investigated by using the response surface methodology as an optimization tool. An extremely high percentage reduction value of 96.491 % with the rate constant value of 0.277 min−1 was documented in the case of Ag-NSs. The prepared silver nanostructures were found to be extremely stable till six reuse cycles. Our findings affirm that the efficient synthesis of nanostructures is achieved by using P. emblica fruit extract and the synthesized material further presents excellent viability for antimicrobial and catalytic applications.
... The scale and form of the AgNRs obtained by berberine extract were displayed in Fig. 2. FE-SEM micrographs revealed rods shaped particles with a smooth surface of pure silver varying in length and diameter of around 672 nm. Recently, it was reported that AgNRs synthesized using Mango leaf extract and aqueous Seed extract of Nigella Sativa were in rods shape [44][45][46]. Fig. 3 illustrates the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from berberine-mediated AgNRs. This technique was employed to determine the crystal structure of pure Ag nanorods. ...
Poor control of blood glucose levels remains a serious challenge for diabetic patients. Silver nanoparticles were employed as antidiabetic agents due to their unique biological capabilities in growing insulin levels in diabetic animal models. In this study, a cost-effective and eco-friendly process for the production of silver nanorods (AgNRs) is described, and berberine extract has been successfully employed as a capping and reduction agent using an innovative method of green chemistry. UV-vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were employed to characterize AgNRs. The objective of the current research was to treat or avoid hyperglycemia in rats caused by streptozotocin. Therefore, 25 male albino rats were split into five categories: Healthy control rats; diabetic rats untreated; diabetic rats treated with Glimepiride as a standard drug; diabetic rats treated with AgNRs; rats treated with AgNRs before being streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The diabetic group getting AgNRs exhibited significantly lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) readings than the diabetic control group (p< 0.001). The effects of AgNRs were also tested on serum lipid profile levels, which serve as an important biomarker in diabetes. Significantly, Ag NRs were found to improve lipid metabolism in the diabetic rats' group (p< 0.001). Additionally, pre-treatment with AgNRs was found to maintain normal blood glucose and lipid profile levels in rats receiving streptozotocin (p< 0.001). Together, these findings show a novel potential protective and anti-diabetic impact, which may be applied in designing novel future therapies for treating DM.
... Mentioned in Figure 6. The maximum absorbance observed at 446 nm confirmed the presence of silver nanorods [88]. The reduction of silver ions and stabilization of the silver nanorod was due to the participation of plant metabolites and coenzymes donate the electron for the reduction process [89,90]. ...
... Nanorods significantly decreased glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Therefore, it could be used in the clinical practice for management of diabetes [88]. release of active constituents of drugs in altered temperature [75]. ...
Nigella sativa belongs to the family of Ranunculaceae, it is commonly known as Black Cumin in English and Kalonji in Indian vernacular. Since time immemorial, it has been useful in Unani, Ayurveda and Chinese system of medicines. Thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, thymohydroquinone and nigellone are the main active constituents of the same. The therapeutic effect and bioavailability of extract and thymoquinone are restricted due to poor solubility and stability issues. Currently, researches have been carried out for the improvement of bioavailability of plant extract and their phytocompounds through nanotechnological approaches. The nature of the material used (PLGA, chitosan, cyclodextrins, etc.) for the preparation of nanoformulations have significant impacts on improving pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phytoconstituents. This review focuses on the aspects of nano formulations for delivery of Kalonji and Thymoquinone with improved kinetic and reduced toxicity. It deals with therapeutic effects and provides compendious review on nano-systems of Kalonji with the aim to develop novel pharmaceutical nanoformulation for critical illnesses.
... A parallel inspection is recorded in the biological synthesis of AgNPs using seeds extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam [14]. These results were in complete agreement with Khan et al. and Mukesh Kumar et al. [20,33]. Groups present in the bioactive compounds were determined by FTIR analysis. ...
... A parallel inspection is recorded in the biological synthesis of AgNPs using seeds extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam [14]. These results were in complete agreement with Khan et al. and Mukesh Kumar et al. [20,33]. Groups present in the bioactive compounds were determined by FTIR analysis. ...
Background
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have fascinated extensive interest owing to their
potential applications, especially in biomedicine.
Materials and methods
Through this investigation, AgNPs were green synthesized from AgNO3 using
Nigella sativa and Piper nigrum aqueous seed extracts as a reducing agent.
Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using transmission electron
microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and
dynamic light scattering. Antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activities of
AgNPs were studied. Furthermore, the effect of biosynthesized AgNPs on seed
germination and seedling growth of Vicia faba and Zea mays was determined.
Results and conclusion
Results evoked the ability of N. sativa and P. nigrum aqueous seed extracts to build
up AgNPs in spherical shape with average size of 20 and 50 nm, respectively, by
using transmission electron microscopy analysis. The results indicate the ability of
N. sativa and P. nigrum AgNPs to inhibit both tested gram-positive and gramnegative
bacteria. It is conceivable from the results that AgNPs of the N. sativa and
P. nigrum are markedly effective against herpes simplex virus-1 in terms of
decreased viral load and mortality, exhibiting 83.23 and 94.54% of antiviral
activity, respectively. Furthermore, in-vitro studies of N. sativa and P. nigrum
AgNPs against hepatocellular carcinoma have shown good cytotoxic effect, with
IC50 values equal to 7.12 and 4.98 μg/ml, respectively. AgNPs exert a promoting
action on seed germination percentage and seedling growth of both Vicia faba and
Zea mays. This study indicated an economical, simple, and efficient ecofriendly
technique using aqueous seed extracts of N. sativa and P. nigrum L. for synthesis of
AgNPs and confirmed that green AgNPs are safer.
... The production of nanorods is easier, rapid and eco-friendly when it is synthesized from the plant. It was found that the antidiabetic effect of nanorods may be due to the flavonoid content of synthesized nanorods (Kumar et al. 2015). ...
Nigella sativa L. (black cumin, family Ranunculaceae) is an annual flowering plant. Its black trigonal seeds are the source of the active ingredients of the plant. It is native to South Asian and East Mediterranean countries, where it has been used traditionally and clinically in different parts of the world to treat many diseases. The use of N. sativa seed showed wide range worldwide in foods (preservative, spice, and flavoring agent), painkiller (headache, and back pain), some ailment treatments (diabetes, infection, inflammation, hypertension), pharmacology (antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, anticancer and male infertility). Black cumin seeds contain a substantial amount of vegetable protein, fiber, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The major bioactive component of black cumin seed is thymoquinone which found in the essential oil and provides wide range of therapeutic benefits (i.e., gastrointestinal protective effects). Fatty acid composition of the seed oil is reported mainly to contain linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitoleic and palmitic acids. The major sterols of seeds are β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and 5-avenasterol which known to lower cholesterol levels. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review based on the scientific reports about the health-promoting activities of N. sativa seed and to discuss the therapeutic properties and functionality of the seed that lead the appliactions of seeds in the pharmaceuticals and food industry.
... Further to these, its seeds contain nutrient contents including proteins, mineral elements, vitamins and carbohydrates [10]. The extract of black seed has been widely used in various investigations due to having effective ingredients such as thymoquinone, thymol and carvacrol [10,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. ...
... The FTIR spectroscopy was carried out in order to identify the functional groups and determine the type of reaction and bonds established between Zein and black seed oil in the electrospun nanofibers. According to Figs. 15,16,17,18,19 and comparing the FTIR spectrums corresponding to the different concentrations of black seed oil on the Zein's polymeric bed, it can be concluded that the peak intensity and width in the absorption region of ʋ = 2500-3500 cm −1 related to the tensile vibrations of the acid hydroxyl groups of black seed oil and amine of the Zein's polymeric bed increases with an increment in the black seed oil concentration of the compound. In addition, this absorption band shifts from ʋ = 3283 cm −1 to ʋ = 3278 cm −1 as concentration changes from 5 to 15%, respectively and this shift towards lower wave number can be the result of the hydrogen bonding formation between the black seed oil structures and Zein's polymeric bed in the mixture. ...
In the present study, the edible and biodegradable Zein microfiber is prepared using the glacial acetic acid solvent and electrospinning approach. It is possible to produce uniform nanofibers without bead by changing several parameters such as the concentrations of Zein and drug, gap between the needle tip and collector, electrospinning voltage and solution’s flow rate. Here, the solution of Zein and black seed (Nigella sativa) oil has been produced and electrospun at three different oil concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% w/v. The electrospinning voltage, gap between the needle tip and collector and flow rate were kept fixed for these three concentration levels as 20 kV, 15 cm and 4 mL/h, respectively. According to the obtained results, the concentration variation of the black seed oil has a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on the fiber diameter in such a way that fiber diameter increases with an increment in the oil concentration. Further aim of the present study is to prepare as well as evaluate the membrane properties of Zein nanofibers containing black seed oil using the electrospinning method for modern drug delivery uses.
... Plants derived nanoparticles are environment friendly with low cost and can be used in majority of therapeutic and pharmacological applications such as antibacterial, antitumor, and can also be used as biosensor. Seed extract of N. sativa and AgNO3 resulted in the formation of silver nanorods, which showed antidiabetic property, in vitro [126]. Silver nanorods were also prepared from the leaf extract of N. sativa [127]. ...
Medicinal and aromatic plants and their refined natural products have
gained global attraction for their therapeutic potential against many human diseases. Nigella sativa is a medicinally important plant, commonly known as Black cumin or Black seed is a dicotyledon plant of the Ranunculaceae family. It is in common use for a longer time in history as preservative and spice and has been extensively utilized by different communities around the globe. Black cumin has been an eminent component of traditional medicine systems like Unani and
Tibb, Ayurveda and Siddha. Its biological activities include ntidiarrheal,
analgesic, antibacterial, liver tonic, diurectic, digestive agent and to treat several skin disorders. Furthermore, the therapeutic properties also include antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic and bronchodialator. This is all because of its miraculous healing power that it has been
ranked as top ranked, among evidence based herbal medicines. The literature supports that the pharmacological activities of Nigella sativa are mainly because of the essential oil and its constituents particularly thymoquinone. The current review is an attempt to present a detailed literature survey regarding chemical composition, phytochemistry, therapeutic potential and biotechnological approaches to enhance
the medicinal potential of this valuable plant.
... Extract shows reducing as well as capping agent, properties. Nanorods are characterized using instrumental analyses and showed uniformly sized nanorods, and also showed antidiabetic property, in vitro 83 . They also prepared from leaf extract and MTT assay was studied on stem cells of mice, results suggested that it is less toxic than chemical method 84 . ...
Nigella sativa L. synthesizes and accumulates a variety of biological active secondary metabolites. Due to various substances isolated and identified the claim made in traditional medicinal system. Seeds are generally called kalongi (Ranunculacae) an annual flowering plant, originate from S. W. Asia. Seeds and NSO showed as a folk medicine for a prehistoric usage in all systems of medicines and are used as food also. This comprehensive account provides a botanical distribution of plant, chemical constituents and pharmacological potential are reviewed and summarized the information focusing on its wide spectrum biological and medicinal properties including anti antidiabetic, antiulcerogenic and anti-bacterial as well as dietary nutritive supplements and also focused on synthesis and properties of nanopaticles due to secondary metabolites show reducing and stabilizing activity.
The production of nanoparticles by the biosynthesis method attracts great attention due to their environmentally friendly structure and biocompatibility. In this study, a green method for the synthesis of Palladium-Silver nanoparticles (Pd-Ag NPs) using the extract of Nigella sativa seeds is reported. Pd-Ag NPs obtained by the green synthesis method were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectrometry, and X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Pd-Ag NPs were seen to have a spherical structure in the TEM analysis image and the average particle size was found to be 6.80 nm. In addition, the anticancer and antibacterial activities of Pd-Ag NPs synthesized by the green synthesis method were investigated. Pd-Ag NPs had lethality of 69.26%, 52.28%, 76.90%, and 57.49% respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli bacteria at 200 µg/ml. Besides, the antibacterial activity of Pd-Ag NPs against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and MRSA bacteria was developed by the Neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) model. The minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Pd-Ag NPs against human breast cancer cells, human endometrial carcinoma cells, and human cervical cancer cell lines were determined as 12.4384 ± 0.39 µg/ml, 13.5043 ± 0.539 µg/mL, 17.7172 ± 0.782 µg/ml, respectively. The catalytic activity of Pd-Ag NPs was investigated by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis. Enthalpy, entropy, turner of frequency (TOF), and activation energy values were calculated as 24.51 kJ/mol, -183.15 J/mol.K, 1387.29 h⁻¹, 27.01 kJ/mol, respectively. In the light of the obtained results, it promises that Pd-Ag NPs may play a therapeutic role in complications related to cancer and bacterial infections. The use of Pd-Ag NPs as catalysts will contribute to the development and application of new nano-catalysts to reduce environmental pollution.
