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– Chaetosphaeria jonesii (MFLU 16-1020, holotype) a. Herbarium specimen. b, c. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. d. Section of ascoma. e. Peridium. f. Peridium in surface view. g. Setae. h. Paraphyses. i, j. Immature and mature asci. k. Close up of apical asci in Melzer's reagent. l. Ascospores. m. Germinating ascospore. Bars – b, c = 2 mm, d = 100 µm, e = 50 µm, f–o = 20 µm.
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We are studying seed and fruit-borne fungi in Thailand and in this paper report on species of Tainosphaeria, Thozetella and Chaetosphaeria from Fabaceae seed pods and decorticated wood, collected in Chiang Mai and Phang-nga provinces. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS and TUB sequence data provides evidence for new species of Thozetella an...
Citations
... The emended Paragaeumannomyces possess white, whitish-yellow, ginger-brown to reddishbrown, russet to dark brown ascoma, a unique outer wall of large, thin-walled, globose, subglobose to polyhedral cells with typical chaetosphaeriaceous peridium as inner layers, and scolecosporous, multiseptate, asymmetrical, hyaline to light pink ascospores (Réblová et al. 2020b). Paragaeumannomyces species were linked with a craspedodidymumlike anamorph or chloridium-like synanamorph in cultivation studies Atkinson et al. 2007;Perera et al. 2016b;Réblová et al. 2020b). A key to Paragaeumannomyces was provided by Réblová et al. (2020b). ...
... They share loosely arranged setae over entire ascomata, similar ascomata size, comparable wall thickness and similar length of ascospores. Paragaeumannomyces garethjonesii and P. panamensis differ from the new species in longer setae (38-47 µm and 60-85 µm vs. 17-38 µm), shorter asci (120-152 µm and 120-140 µm vs. 142-165 µm) and narrower ascospores (2.3-3.7 µm and 3-4.1 µm vs. 3.5-5 µm) Perera et al. 2016b). Phialoturbella Réblová & Hern.-Restr. ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... Reblova et al. [1] validly established the Chaetosphaeriaceae to accommodate type species Chaetosphaeria Tul. and C. Tul. and their relatives, including Ascocodinaea, Melanochaeta, Melanopsammella, Porosphaerella, Porosphaerellopsis and Striatosphaeria. Subsequently, more new taxa were added to this family [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Reviews of Chaetosphaeriaceae were provided by Lin et al. [9] and Hyde et al. [11]. ...
... accessed on 1 May 2022) for preliminary determination of the possible species identification range in the GenBank database. Sequences of the ITS and LSU gene were analyzed to assess relationships among species of Chaetosphaeria, Codinaea, Codinaeella, Dictyochaeta, Paragaeumannomyces, Phialosporostilbe and relevant fungi in Chaetosphaeriaceae [6,9,10,12,14,16,20,29,36,42]. Accession numbers for sequences were retrieved from GenBank database and related publication from previous studies (Tables 2 and S1). ...
... Chaetosphaeria was resolved as a polyphyletic genus in Chaetosphaeriaceae (Figure 1), consistent with many previous studies [6,9,10,[13][14][15]29,51,52]. The new species, Chaetosphaeria obovoidea, and three other Chaetosphaeria species are clustered in the subclade of Chaetosphaeria III. ...
Chaetosphaeriaceae is a genera-rich and highly diverse group of fungi with a worldwide distribution in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Eight fresh collections of Chaetosphaeriaceae were obtained during investigations of hyaline-spored hyphomycetes in China and Thailand. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU and ITS sequence dataset, Chaetosphaeria obovoidea, Codinaea aseptata, Codinaeella hyalina, Dictyochaeta guizhouensis and Paragaeumannomyces guttulatus were introduced as new species, Codinaea terminalis was reported as new host record, and Codinaea dwaya and Phialosporostilbe scutiformis were introduced as new collections. Phylogenetic analysis in this study revealed that Chaetosphaeria was polyphyletic. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of new taxa and identified species are provided, as well as an updated phylogenetic tree to confirm the placements of these eight new collections.
... All Parafuscosporella species are freshwater fungi living on decaying woody material [1][2][3][4]. Parafuscosporella ellipsoconidiogena and P. obovata, introduced here with morphological descriptions and molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multigene DNA sequence dataset, were discovered in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand, where previous studies (i.e., from Chiang Dao District, Mae Teang District and Doi Suthep-Pui National Park) have also discovered novel microfungi and new freshwater fungi (i.e., [2,[30][31][32][33]). Compared to other provinces and parts of Thailand, Chiang Mai Province has a tropical savanna climate with low latitudes and moderate elevations and is characterized by days that range between warm and hot year-round and nights that are cool with tolerable temperatures. ...
Asexual morphs of freshwater fungi have been mostly reported from tropical and subtropical regions. From our ongoing investigation of the diversity and taxonomy of freshwater mi-crofungi in Thailand, a country with rich natural resources and diverse ecosystems, Parafuscosporella ellipsoconidiogena sp. nov. and P. obovata sp. nov., collected from decaying submerged twigs at Phalad Waterfall in a conserved forest in Chiang Mai Zoo, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, are proposed. DNA phylogenies based on a combination of ITS and LSU datasets support the placement of these species in Parafuscosporella (Fuscosporellaceae, Fuscosporellales, Sordariomycetes), and these two novel species differ from known species in terms of morphology. Detailed descriptions , illustrations and a key to Parafuscosporella species are provided, as well as comparisons with other accepted Parafuscosporella species.
... Tainosphaeria jonesii and T. siamensis morphologically extraordinarily similar to T. crassiparies, but they can differentiate in phylogeny and the size of conidiophores and conidia. Perera et al. (2016) recollected T. siamensis from the seed pod of Fabaceae, and the asexual morph of Tainosphaeria was described as mononematous, unbranched conidiophores, cylindrical, terminal phialides with a collarette, and hyaline, ellipsoidal to TWO NEW SPECIES OF TAINoSPHAERIA Phytotaxa 509 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press • 57 clavate, or falcate conidia. Currently, seven species are listed in Index Fungorum (2021). ...
Ongoing investigation of diversity and taxonomy of lignicolous freshwater fungi in Thailand have revealed plenty of new hyphomycetous species. In this study, Tainosphaeria aquatica sp. nov. and T. thailandense sp. nov., occurred on submerged wood in Thailand, are described and illustrated based on the evidences of morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS and TEF1-α dataset. Tainosphaeria aquatica is characterized by hyaline, 0–3-septate, cylindrical to long fusiform conidia with hair-like, hyaline appendages at both ends. Tainosphaeria thailandense is distinct in having laurel-green, 0–1-septate, reniform to ellipsoidal conidia with polar appendages. A synopsis of morphological characteristics of Tainosphaeria species is provided.
... These species were experimentally linked with a craspedodidymum-like anamorph, and some also form a chloridium-like synanamorph in axenic culture . Atkinson et al. (2007) and Perera et al. (2016) introduced another three Chaetosphaeria matching the diagnostic characters of this group. Among the known ascomycetes, the monotypic genus Paragaeumannomyces (Matsushima 2003), based on P. sphaerocellularis, is remarkably similar to these scolecosporous species of Chaetosphaeria in features of ascomata, asci and ascospores and ecology. ...
... 2000, MFC-21077), the type species of Paragaeumannomyces (Matsushima 2003), was not available to us. A comparison of its protologue with our specimens and descriptions of other scolecosporous species of Chaetosphaeria (Carroll and Munk 1964;Huhndorf and Fernández 2005;Atkinson et al. 2007;Perera et al. 2016), combined with phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-28S sequences of 35 isolates, provided sufficient evidence to consider them congeneric. Paragaeumannomyces is proposed as the correct name for this morphologically and phylogenetically well-delimited group of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi. ...
... Paragaeumannomyces elegans is distinguishable from other members of the genus by densely setose, dull glistening brown ascomata with a light grey tinge, which gives them an almost grey appearance when dried. The new species resembles P. garethjonesii (Perera et al. 2016) and P. panamensis in 7-septate ascospores and setose ascomata with acute, stiff, opaque setae scattered over the entire surface, but differs from them in larger ascomata, asci and wider ascospores (for a detailed comparison see the key). ...
The Chaetosphaeriaceae are a diverse group of pigmented, predominantly phialidic hyphomycetes comprised of several holomorphic genera including Chaetosphaeria, the most prominent genus of the family. Although the morphology of the teleomorphs of the majority of Chaetosphaeria is rather uniform, their associated anamorphs primarily exhibit the variability and evolutionary change observed in the genus. An exception from the morphological monotony among Chaetosphaeria species is a group characterised by scolecosporous, hyaline to light pink, multiseptate, asymmetrical ascospores and a unique three-layered ascomatal wall. Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis, the type species of the genus, exhibits these morphological traits and is compared with similar Chaetosphaeria with craspedodidymum-and chloridium-like synanamorphs. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS-28S sequences of 35 isolates and vouchers with these characteristics revealed a strongly-supported, morphologically well-delimited clade in the Chaetosphaeriaceae containing 16 species. The generic name Paragaeumannomyces is applied to this monophyletic clade; eight new combinations and five new species, i.e. P. abietinus sp. nov., P. elegans sp. nov., P. granulatus sp. nov., P. sabinianus sp. nov. and P. smokiensis sp. nov., are proposed. A key to Paragaeumannomyces is provided. Using morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA, two additional new species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats, Codinaea paniculata sp. nov. and Striatosphaeria castanea sp. nov., are described in the family. A codinaea-like anamorph of S. castanea forms conidia with setulae at each end in axenic culture; this feature expands the known morphology of Striatosphaeria. A chaetosphaeria-like teleomorph is experimentally linked to Dendrophoma cytisporoides, a sporodochial hyphomycete and type species of Dendrophoma, for the first time.
... However, some genera are polyphyletic and phylogenetic relationships are still unresolved (Tibpromma et al. 2018;Wei et al. 2018;Lin et al. 2019;Phookamsak et al. 2019). Further taxon sampling with molecular data is required to resolve these ambiguous genera (Jeewon et al. 2009;Perera et al. 2016;Tibpromma et al. 2018;Wei et al. 2018;Lin et al. 2019). Fig. 11 One of the 1000 most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search of combined ITS, β-tubulin and EF1α sequence data for Pestalotiopsis. ...
... Thozetella was introduced by Kuntze (1891) and is typified by T. nivea. The genus is characterized by sporodochial or synnematous conidiomata, with terminated, phialidic conidiogenous cells and hyaline, naviculate to fusiform or ellipsoid, aseptate conidia, with unbranched setula at each end, and forming sterile microawns (Sutton and Cole 1983;Perera et al. 2016;Tibpromma et al. 2018). Most Thozetella species have similar conidial characters, however, these species can be distinguished by their sporodochial formations and microawns coupled with molecular analysis (Paulus et al. 2004;Jeewon et al. 2009;Da Silva and Grandi 2011;Perera et al. 2016;Tibpromma et al. 2018;Phookamsak et al. 2019). ...
... The genus is characterized by sporodochial or synnematous conidiomata, with terminated, phialidic conidiogenous cells and hyaline, naviculate to fusiform or ellipsoid, aseptate conidia, with unbranched setula at each end, and forming sterile microawns (Sutton and Cole 1983;Perera et al. 2016;Tibpromma et al. 2018). Most Thozetella species have similar conidial characters, however, these species can be distinguished by their sporodochial formations and microawns coupled with molecular analysis (Paulus et al. 2004;Jeewon et al. 2009;Da Silva and Grandi 2011;Perera et al. 2016;Tibpromma et al. 2018;Phookamsak et al. 2019). Thozetella species have been reported as saprobes in soil and on decaying plants in terrestrial and freshwater habitats from temperate and tropical regions and there is no reported sexual morph (Morris 1956;Agnihothrudu 1958;Waipara et al. 1996;Sivichai et al. 2002;Delgado-Rodríguez et al. 2004;Paulus et al. 2004;Jeewon et al. 2009;Barbosa et al. 2011;Grandi 2011, 2013;Perera et al. 2016;Crous et al. 2018aTibpromma et al. 2018;Phookamsak et al. 2019). ...
The recent realistic estimate of fungal numbers which used various algorithms was between 2.2 and 3.8 million. There are nearly 100,000 accepted species of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, which is between 2.6 and 4.5% of the estimated species. Several forums such as Botanica Marina series, Fungal Diversity notes, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles, Fungal Systematics and Evolution—New and Interesting Fungi, Mycosphere notes and Fungal Planet have enhanced the introduction of new taxa and nearly 2000 species have been introduced in these publications in the last decade. The need to define a fungal species more accurately has been recognized, but there is much research needed before this can be better clarified. We address the evidence that is needed to estimate the numbers of fungi and address the various advances that have been made towards its understanding. Some genera are barely known, whereas some plant pathogens comprise numerous species complexes and numbers are steadily increasing. In this paper, we examine ten genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal description and introduce new species in each genus. The genera are the ascomycetes Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis (with many species or complexes), Atrocalyx, Dothiora, Lignosphaeria, Okeanomyces, Rhamphoriopsis, Thozetella, Thyrostroma (relatively poorly studied genera) and the basidiomycete genus Lepiota. We provide examples where knowledge is incomplete or lacking and suggest areas needing further research. These include (1) the need to establish what is a species, (2) the need to establish how host-specific fungi are, not in highly disturbed urban areas, but in pristine or relatively undisturbed forests, and (3) the need to establish if species in different continents, islands, countries or regions are different, or if the same fungi occur worldwide? Finally, we conclude whether we are anywhere near to flattening the curve in new species description.
... Recent phylogenetic studies reveal that the family is closely related to Cordanaceae Nann. ( HernándezRestrepo et al. 2015, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016, Hongsanan et al. 2017). Species belonging to Coniochaetaceae are widely distributed and have different modes of nutrition, such as saprobic on dung, plant litter or in soil, strongly acidic water with high heavy metal concentrations and food, or pathogenic on plants or animals, and rarely in humans ( Ramaley 1997, Weber 2002, Huhndorf et al. 2004, García et al. 2006, Kirk et al. 2008, Damm et al. 2010, Khan et al. 2013, Troy et al. 2013, Miller et al. 2014, Vázquez-Campos et al. 2014, Wijayawardene et al. 2017). ...
... Species belonging to Coniochaetaceae are widely distributed and have different modes of nutrition, such as saprobic on dung, plant litter or in soil, strongly acidic water with high heavy metal concentrations and food, or pathogenic on plants or animals, and rarely in humans ( Ramaley 1997, Weber 2002, Huhndorf et al. 2004, García et al. 2006, Kirk et al. 2008, Damm et al. 2010, Khan et al. 2013, Troy et al. 2013, Miller et al. 2014, Vázquez-Campos et al. 2014, Wijayawardene et al. 2017). Barrina and Coniochaeta have immersed or superficial perithecial or cleistothecial ascomata, unitunicate, non-amyloid asci, hyaline to dark brown ascospores and hyphomycetous asexual morphs ( Ramaley 1997, García et al. 2006, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016). However, Barrina can be distinguished from Coniochaeta by its immersed ascomata and hyaline ascospores ( Ramaley 1997, Weber 2002, García et al. 2006). ...
The genus Coniochaeta is an important ascomycete because its members live in diversified habitats and nutritional modes. In this study, two new species, C. acaciae and C. coluteae, are introduced from dead branches of Acacia sp. and Colutea paulsenii Freyn (both Fabaceae) respectively from Uzbekistan, based on morphological and phylogenetic studies. Analyses of combined ITS and LSU sequence data with Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) and comparison of similar taxa, provide evidences for placement of these new species in Coniochaeta, as distinct lineages.
This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 115 taxa from three phyla, nine classes, 28 orders, 48 families, and 64 genera are treated. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family, five new genera, 61 new species, five new combinations, one synonym, one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions. Ageratinicolaceae fam. nov. is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales. The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola, Kevinia, Pseudomultiseptospora (Parabambusicolaceae), Marasmiellomycena, and Vizzinia (Porotheleaceae). Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus, Ageratinicola kunmingensis, Allocryptovalsa aceris, Allophoma yuccae, Apiospora cannae, A. elliptica, A. pallidesporae, Boeremia wisteriae, Calycina papaeana, Clypeococcum lichenostigmoides, Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii, Cryphonectria kunmingensis, Diaporthe angustiapiculata, D. campylandrae, D. longipapillata, Diatrypella guangdongense, Dothiorella franceschinii, Endocalyx phoenicis, Epicoccum terminosporum, Fulvifomes karaiensis, F. pannaensis, Ganoderma ghatensis, Hysterobrevium baoshanense, Inocybe avellaneorosea, I. lucida, Jahnula oblonga, Kevinia lignicola, Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis, Laboulbenia caprina, L. clavulata, L. cobiae, L. cosmodisci, L. nilotica, L. omalii, L. robusta, L. similis, L. stigmatophora, Laccaria rubriporus, Lasiodiplodia morindae, Lyophyllum agnijum, Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis, Melomastia beihaiensis, Nemania guangdongensis, Nigrograna thailandica, Nigrospora ficuum, Oxydothis chinensis, O. yunnanensis, Petriella thailandica, Phaeoacremonium chinensis, Phialocephala chinensis, Phytophthora debattistii, Polyplosphaeria nigrospora, Pronectria loweniae, Seriascoma acutispora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Stictis anomianthi, Tarzetta tibetensis, Tarzetta urceolata, Tetraploa obpyriformis, Trichoglossum beninense, and Tricoderma pyrrosiae. We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var. brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
Freshwater fungi refer to the fungi that depend on the freshwater habitats for the whole life cycle or part of their life cycle. In this context, a new aquatic hyphomycete was isolated from decaying wood in a freshwater habitat in Jiangxi Province, China.
Dictyochaeta jiangxiensis sp. nov., a new aquatic hyphomycete, is characterised by its unbranched, septate, base-fertile conidiophores with multisepta and single phialide at the apex, brown, sterile seta, monophialidic, subcylindrical conidiogenous cells narrowing below the funnel-shaped collarette, hyaline, unicellular, thin-walled, smooth, guttulate, falcate to subclavate conidia narrowly rounded at both ends with hair-like appendages. Phylogenetically, the new species Dictyochaeta jiangxiensis clustered together with Dictyochaeta brevis MFLU 19-0216 in a well-supported clade, but formed a separate branch. In order to better define the taxonomic status of the new species, a phylogenetic tree of most closely-related taxa in Chaetosphaeriaceae was established, based on multi-locus sequences (ITS and LSU). The novel species is described and illustrated. Newly-generated molecular data of Dictyochaeta jiangxiensis is also provided.
