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Chaetomium globosum morphological form 'cruentum' (CBS 371.66, ex-type of C. cruentum). a. Part of the colony on OA; b. ascomata and masses of ascospores on OA, top view; c. young ascomata on OA; d. mature ascomata and masses of ascospores on OA, side view; e. ascoma full of ascospores; f. ascoma from which ascospores have been discharged; g. structure of ascomatal wall in surface view; h. ascospores. — Scale bars: e, f = 20 μm; g, h = 10 μm.
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Chaetomium globosum, the type species of the genus, is ubiquitous, occurring on a wide variety of substrates, in air and in marine environments. This species is recognised as a cellulolytic and/or endophytic fungus. It is also known as a source of secondary metabolites with various biological activities, having great potential in the agricultural,...
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... × 6.5-7.5(-8) μm) (Sergejeva 1961;Wang et al. 2016b). Therefore, based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce a new species Chaetomium hongheensis, in this study ( Figure 2 (Conners 1967); Phragmites australis, balsa wood (Apinis et al. 1972); Saccharum officinarum (Teng 1996); Pinus halepensis (Botella et al. 2010); Platanus occidentalis (Mittal et al. 1990); Cirsium arvense (Gange et al. 2012); animal dung, cornea of Homo sapiens, discarded cloth, rhizospheres of Panax notoginseng, tuber of Panax notoginseng (Wang et al. 2016b); air, dust (Wang et al. 2019); Ulex europaeus (Rashmi et al. 2019); endophytic on Coriaria nepalensis (Lei et al. 2023); endophytic on mango leaves (this study). ...
... μm) (Sergejeva 1961;Wang et al. 2016b). Therefore, based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce a new species Chaetomium hongheensis, in this study ( Figure 2 (Conners 1967); Phragmites australis, balsa wood (Apinis et al. 1972); Saccharum officinarum (Teng 1996); Pinus halepensis (Botella et al. 2010); Platanus occidentalis (Mittal et al. 1990); Cirsium arvense (Gange et al. 2012); animal dung, cornea of Homo sapiens, discarded cloth, rhizospheres of Panax notoginseng, tuber of Panax notoginseng (Wang et al. 2016b); air, dust (Wang et al. 2019); Ulex europaeus (Rashmi et al. 2019); endophytic on Coriaria nepalensis (Lei et al. 2023); endophytic on mango leaves (this study). ...
... Distribution: Canada (Conners 1967); USA (Apinis et al. 1972;Mittal et al. 1990;Wang et al. 2016bWang et al. , 2019; China (Teng 1996;Wang et al. 2016b;Lei et al. 2023, this study); Spain (Botella et al. 2010); England (Apinis et al. 1972;Gange et al. 2012 Notes: The micro morphological features of our isolate (KUNCC22-10741) fits well with the generic type of Chaetomium (Wang et al. 2016a(Wang et al. , 2016b. The results from LSU, ITS, and tub2 nucleotide mega BLASTn searches (Table 2) and the phylogenetic analyses show our isolate well clustered with Chaetomium cochliodes strains (CGMCC: 3.19348, LC13552, LC13504, LC13510, CBS 155.52) (Figure 1). ...
Endophytic fungi reside within plant tissues throughout their entire or partial life cycle, establishing a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with their host plant, free from causing any adverse effects or diseases. In addition, endophytic fungi are known as a rich source of new and physiologically active natural chemicals with great therapeutic potentials. Endophytic fungi can promote their host's growth and improve tolerance towards biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophytic fungi associated with mangoes have been infrequently studied, and most isolates lack both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. When investigating fungal endophytes associated with mango, we isolated four species of Chaetomium from fresh mango leaves, which were collected from mango trees under commercial cultivation in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Based on morphological comparisons and the results of phylogenetic analyses of concatenated LSU, ITS, rpb2, and tub2 sequence data, here we introduce a new species: Chaetomium hongheensis (KUNCC22-10764, 22-10750); and two new host records: C. cochliodes (KUNCC22-10741) and C. globosum (KUNCC22-10752) from mango leaves. The two new host records were frequently reported on various substrates in China previously. In addition, the new host and country record Chaetomium unguicola (KUNCC22-10758) is first reported in this study as a mango endophyte in China.
... e ascospores are limoniform to globose (erratical in a few species), bilaterally flattened, and usually more than 7 μm in length. An Acremonium-like asexual morph is formed in some species (Udagawa, 1960;Wang et al., 2016aWang et al., , 2016bWhiteside, 1957). Indeed, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that several fungi belong to the Chaetomiaceae which are only known for their asexual morphs and were previously classified in the genera Acremonium, Staphylotrichum, Humicola, or Trichocladium (von Arx et al., 1984;Wang et al., 2016aWang et al., , 2016b. ...
... An Acremonium-like asexual morph is formed in some species (Udagawa, 1960;Wang et al., 2016aWang et al., , 2016bWhiteside, 1957). Indeed, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that several fungi belong to the Chaetomiaceae which are only known for their asexual morphs and were previously classified in the genera Acremonium, Staphylotrichum, Humicola, or Trichocladium (von Arx et al., 1984;Wang et al., 2016aWang et al., , 2016b. ...
Endophytic fungi are increasingly being considered for their ecological role and effects on plant protection and nutrition. eir contribution in improving fitness can be particularly relevant in the case of semi-extensive tree crops, such as hazelnut. In this manuscript, the occurrence and properties of the species Arcopilus aureus are reviewed, following its finding as a component of the endophytic micro-biome of hazelnut in the distant geographic and climatic contexts of Poland and Italy, representing an indication of its widespread association with this plant and a possible role in protection against biotic adversities.
... The fungal endophytes were then identified based on their morphological features like colony characters, mycelia, structure and arrangement of conidia, and other reproductive structures if any, by using standard manuals and recent research articles (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). For microscopic studies, a drop of lactophenol cotton blue stain was added on a clean glass slide, the fungal hyphae with/without reproductive structures were taken on the glass slide containing the stain, a cover slip was placed on the mycelium and the microscopic features were carefully studied. ...
... About 950 endophytic fungi were isolated from 1,680 plant tissue segments of Coleus forskohlii during 2020-2021. Of these, 313, 296, 170 and 171 fungal endophytes were isolated from the old leaves, young leaves, stem (Fig. 2) (Fig. 4), A. ochraceus, A. terreus, Chaetomium angustispirale (Fig. 5) (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) and the mycelia which did not sporulate were called sterile mycelia. Some of the fungi isolated as a part of this study have been identified by 18S rRNA sequencing and reported in a previous study by Crasta and Raveesha (36) as denoted (*) in Table 4. ...
Fungi that colonize the healthy tissues of the plants without showing any disease symptoms in the host plants are termed as fungal endophytes. The presence of fungal endophytes provides a positive effect on the host’s growth & development and also triggers the production of some essential bioactive compounds in the host. This study was undertaken to isolate, identify and understand the spaciotemporal distribution and seasonal diversity of fungal endophytes associated with the leaf, stem & root of Coleus forskohlii, an important and endangered medicinal plant. Sampling was done for a period of 12 months between May 2020–April 2021. A total of 950 fungal endophytes were isolated from a total of 1680 tissues of the leaf, stem & root of C. forskohlii. The fungi were identified based on their morphological features and some of them were identified by molecular identification by 18S rRNA sequencing. The endophytic isolates belonged to 10 different orders belonging to 3 different classes-Sordariomycetes (Hypocreales, Xylariales, Microascales, Trichosphaeriales, Glomerellales & Sordariales), Dothiomycetes (Pleosporales, Capnodiales, Botryosphaeriales) & Eurotiomyctes (Eurotiales). About 81.26% of the isolates belonged to Ascomycota & 2.63% of the isolates belonged to Mucoromycota. Chaetomium globosum, Collariella bostrychodes, C. robusta, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Sterile hyaline mycelia, Aspergillus niger, Xylaria curta, X. grammica, Mucor circinelloides & Trichoderma harizianum were the frequently isolated species of fungi. C. globosum, C. bostrychodes, C. gloeosporioides, sterile hyaline mycelia & X. curta were found distributed in all the tissues of the plant. C. forskohlii has thus revealed a rich diversity of fungal endophytes that could be isolated & cultured to yield some pharmacologically important bioactive compounds.
... This species is recognised as a cellulolytic and/or endophytic fungus and produces secondary metabolites and mycotoxins [37,38]. Chaetomium globosum has also been reported as an air contaminant causing adverse health effects such as allergies and as causal agent of human fungal infections [39,40]. These fungi are widespread and commonly live on cellulose, and are found on wood, compost, sheet rock paper, straw [41], and similar materials such as biodeteriorated paint film [42]. ...
This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach on the preservation status of a manuscript made in the early nineteenth century on paper support. This approach was based on the analysis of the pigments and inks, as well as the damage of the manuscript, which was provoked by biological attack. This analysis was accomplished with the application of innovating techniques such as imaging spectroscopy using high resolution cameras and DNA analysis. The use of new technologies from diverse science can provide useful information on the inks and pigments as well as the type of biological agents found in the manuscript. Furthermore, apart from the knowledge about the inks and pigments, important elements can be retrieved on their preservation status. The aim of this research is the combined use of the detected information on the types of inks and pigments with the biological investigation in order to trace damage caused by biological attack and to investigate the causative agent of this attack. For this reason, imaging techniques, SEM/EDS analysis were applied to the inks and pigments as well as a microbiologic and molecular analysis of the fungi found on the pigments of manuscript.
... Substratum: Saccharum officinarum (Teng SC ); Pinus halepensis (Botella et al. 2010); Fresh leaves of Coriaria nepalensis (this study); Unknow (Wang et al. 2022c); Panax notoginseng (Wang et al. 2016b). Notes: The morphological characteristics of Chaetomium cochliodes (KUNCC23-13353) well-fits with the generic type of Chaetomium. ...
... Notes: The morphological characteristics of Chaetomium cochliodes (KUNCC23-13353) well-fits with the generic type of Chaetomium. Based on the ex-epitype of Ch. cochliodes (CBS 155.52), we conclude they have mostly similar size in asci and ascospores, and terminal hairs (Wang et al. 2016b). In addition, results from the ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 nucleotide BLASTn search indicate our strain (KUNCC23-13353) gives 99-100% similarity with Ch. cochliodes (LC13552, LC13504, LC13510, CBS 155.52). ...
The phosphate mining industry is prosperous in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Among them, the Kunyang phosphate mine, situated on the southern shore of Dianchi Lake, stands as one of Asia’s largest and most ancient open-pit phosphate mines. However, mining activities and abandoned phosphate mines have resulted in significant soil erosion and water degradation, necessitating immediate ecological restoration efforts. During surveys of endophytic fungi associated with the pioneer plant Masuri berry (Coriaria nepalensis) in mining sites, Kunming, Yunnan, we report a new species, Chrysofolia kunmingensis, and three new host records of Chaetomium cochliodes, Coniella quercicola, and Epicoccum nigrum. All taxa were identified based on morphological examinations and multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), and large subunit (nrLSU) of ribosomal DNA, beta-tubulin 2 (tub), DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1-α) sequences. This study will contribute to the isolation of indigenous beneficial fungi and the promotion of “plant-microbe” combined remediation.
... Among these promising systems, Chaetomium spp. fungi exhibit a frequently homothallic lifestyle, a general lack of asexual reproduction of conidia, enriched secondary metabolism synthesis, and an ability to thrive in highly humid environments (Wang et al., 2016b;Zaḿockyé t al., 2016;Wang et al., 2019a). All of these traits are highly divergent in the genus, rendering these species especially informative regarding rapid evolution in a comparative evolution context. ...
... Species of Chaetomium are common contaminants in indoor environments and are considered to be health hazards (Andersen et al., 2011;Miller and McMullin, 2014), causing symptoms of rhinitis and asthma when they infect humans (Mackenzie, 1979;Vesper et al., 2007;Hassett et al., 2009;Green et al., 2014). C. globosum is a model for the industrial production of secondary metabolites, and is also generally considered to be a species complex (Asgari and Zare, 2011;Wang et al., 2016b). Chaetomium species probably shared thermophilic ancestors, consistent with the thermophilic basal nature of its most diverged lineage (Zaḿockýet al., 2016). ...
Advances in genomics and transcriptomics accompanying the rapid accumulation of omics data have provided new tools that have transformed and expanded the traditional concepts of model fungi. Evolutionary genomics and transcriptomics have flourished with the use of classical and newer fungal models that facilitate the study of diverse topics encompassing fungal biology and development. Technological advances have also created the opportunity to obtain and mine large datasets. One such continuously growing dataset is that of the Sordariomycetes, which exhibit a richness of species, ecological diversity, economic importance, and a profound research history on amenable models. Currently, 3,574 species of this class have been sequenced, comprising nearly one-third of the available ascomycete genomes. Among these genomes, multiple representatives of the model genera Fusarium, Neurospora, and Trichoderma are present. In this review, we examine recently published studies and data on the Sordariomycetes that have contributed novel insights to the field of fungal evolution via integrative analyses of the genetic, pathogenic, and other biological characteristics of the fungi. Some of these studies applied ancestral state analysis of gene expression among divergent lineages to infer regulatory network models, identify key genetic elements in fungal sexual development, and investigate the regulation of conidial germination and secondary metabolism. Such multispecies investigations address challenges in the study of fungal evolutionary genomics derived from studies that are often based on limited model genomes and that primarily focus on the aspects of biology driven by knowledge drawn from a few model species. Rapidly accumulating information and expanding capabilities for systems biological analysis of Big Data are setting the stage for the expansion of the concept of model systems from unitary taxonomic species/genera to inclusive clusters of well-studied models that can facilitate both the in-depth study of specific lineages and Frontiers in Fungal Biology (2023) The Sordariomycetes: an expanding resource with Big Data for mining in evolutionary genomics and transcriptomics.
... Notes: Chaetomium meridionalense is phylogenetically related to C. globosum and C. microthecia. The ascomata of C. meridionalense (259-477 × 190-344 μm) are bigger than that of C. globosum CBS 160.62 (160-300 × 135-250 μm) and C. microthecia CGMCC 3.17556 (120-200 × 100-160 μm) (Wang et al. 2016b;Zhang et al. 2017a). Chaetomium meridionalense has an ascomatal wall consisting of textura intricata and epidermoidea and paler and slightly larger ascospores. ...
... The rDNA regions ITS and LSU were not suitable for the identification of most species. This is in agreement with Wang et al. (2016bWang et al. ( , 2022, who suggested TUB and RPB2 as secondary DNA barcodes for the identification of species in the Chaetomiaceae. ...
... According to Wang et al. (2016b), the genus Chaetomium sensu stricto can be subdivided into three phylogenetic distinct clades, which reflect the morphological differences between them. Chaetomium meridionalense is placed within group II, corresponding to the C. globosum clade, which exhibits relatively small and limoniform ascospores and terminal ascomatal hairs with flexuous to undulate or slightly coiled shapes. ...
Interest in cave fungal diversity is flourishing because it may represent a reservoir of new species and metabolites. However, the mycobiota remains poorly studied in the underground environment, especially in neotropical regions. During surveys that aimed to investigate the fungal diversity in quartzite and limestone caves in the Southern Espinhaço Mountain in Brazil, six Chaetomiaceae isolates were obtained from different cave substrates. Five taxonomical novelties of Chaetomiaceae in Brazilian caves were discovered based on phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from the ITS, LSU, TUB, and RPB2 genes. Chaetomium meridionalense, Pseudohumicola alba, and Pseudohumicola lutea are new species found in Gruta da Extração and Gruta Velha Nova caves. Parahumicola is introduced as a new genus representing a novel phylogenetic lineage with unique morphological characteristics in the family Chaetomiaceae. This new monotypic genus is typified by P. guana, which was found in a bat guano sample in the Gruta Monte Cristo cave. Furthermore, this is the first report of Collariella bostrychodes in a neotropical cave. Overall, these findings emphasise that Brazilian caves constitute an untapped source of fungal resources.
... Aside from the experimentally induced infections, the snakes and lizards appeared healthy throughout the experiment, suggesting that the ability to cross-infect the animals was not due to poor husbandry or other factors potentially affecting underlying host health. While a few other fungi and bacteria were isolated from the skin lesions of our animals, they represent common environmental flora (30)(31)(32)(33). Some of these fungi (e.g., Beauveria bassiana and Purpureocillium lilacinum) have been previously reported in skin lesions of reptiles with O. ophiodiicola or N. guarroi infections and healthy skin (17), suggesting that they are likely commensals, "hitchhikers," or secondary invaders. ...
Host range and specificity are key concepts in the study of infectious diseases. However, both concepts remain largely undefined for many influential pathogens, including many fungi within the Onygenales order. This order encompasses reptile-infecting genera (Nannizziopsis, Ophidiomyces, and Paranannizziopsis) formerly classified as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). The reported hosts of many of these fungi represent a narrow range of phylogenetically related animals, suggesting that many of these disease-causing fungi are host specific, but the true number of species affected by these pathogens is unknown. For example, to date, Nannizziopsis guarroi (the causative agent of yellow fungus disease) and Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (the causative agent of snake fungal disease) have been documented only in lizards and snakes, respectively. In a 52-day reciprocal-infection experiment, we tested the ability of these two pathogens to infect currently unreported hosts, inoculating central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with O. ophiodiicola and corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) with N. guarroi. We confirmed infection by documenting both clinical signs and histopathological evidence of fungal infection. Our reciprocity experiment resulted in 100% of corn snakes and 60% of bearded dragons developing infections with N. guarroi and O. ophiodiicola, respectively, demonstrating that these fungal pathogens have a broader host range than previously thought and that hosts with cryptic infections may play a role in pathogen translocation and transmission. IMPORTANCE Our experiment using Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola and Nannizziopsis guarroi is the first to look more critically at these pathogens' host range. We are the first to identify that both fungal pathogens can infect both corn snakes and bearded dragons. Our findings illustrate that both fungal pathogens have a more general host range than previously known. Additionally, there are significant implications concerning the spread of snake fungal disease and yellow fungus disease in popular companion animals and the increased chance of disease spillover into other wild and naive populations.
... Other species in distinct lineages (Chaetomium-like) were transferred to new genera such as Amesia, Arcopilus, Collariella, Dichotomopilus, and Ovatospora. The taxonomic revision proposed for Chaetomiaceae by Wang & al. (2016b) was based on isolates submitted to DNA sequence analyses, using sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S large subunit (LSU), second largest subunit partial RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and β-tubulin (TUB2), modified the generic concept of Chaetomium. ...
ABSTRACT—Studies on the mycobiota associated with the plants of family Arecaceae are scarce in Brazil, especially in semiarid
ecosystems within the Caatinga domain, which comprises unique biodiversity. During field expeditions to the Raso da Catarina
Ecological Station, we found six new records of Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like species for the Caatinga domain in the State
of Bahia. These fungi were colonizing vegetative and reproductive structures of Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc., a palm tree
endemic to the Caatinga and particularly important for animals and people from this region. We present morphological
descriptions, illustrations, comments, and distribution maps for the fungal species associated with S. coronata.
... It is possible that the same enzymes used in the cellulose decomposition play a role in the lithic infection of the tuber cell wall. It is worth pointing out that the ability to utilize cellulose as a source of carbon is not uncommon among the Chaetomiaceae family [12,50]; however, the pathogenicity to living plants has not been usually reported for the group. ...
A new species, Trichocladium solani, was isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers from Russia. The species has no observed teleomorph and is characterized morphologically by non-specific Acremonium-like conidia on single phialides and chains of swollen chlamydospores. Phylogenetic analysis placed the new species in a monophyletic clade inside the Trichocladium lineage with a high level of support from a multi-locus analysis of three gene regions: ITS, tub2, and rpb2. ITS is found to be insufficient for species delimitation and is not recommended for identification purposes in screening studies. T. solani is pathogenic to potato tubers and causes lesions that look similar to symptoms of Fusarium dry rot infection but with yellowish or greenish tint in the necrotized area. The disease has been named “yellow rot of potato tubers”.
