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Cervical Strain and Sprain Facet Syndrome Facet syndrome causes back pain. Facet syndrome is a symptoms where the joint behind the spine deteriorate and leads to pain. Facet joints can be found in all levels on both sides of the lumbar spine. They provide about 20 percent of stability for the twist at the waist. Each facet joints provide particularly the necessary support for rotation, are located at each level of the spine. Facet joints also, prevents vertebrae from slipping to the bottom of it. Small facet joint capsule, provide high lubricant nutritious for each joint (as shown in Figure 9).
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Modern life and scientific achievements contributed to the worsening of neck pain problems in great shape. Especially in people who work in offices and students in schools or universities. There are many neck diseases that people encounter in their lives. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper are to help people who suffer from neck pain by d...
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Over the past century Turkmenistan developed a modern system of higher education that grew from a single university under Moscow’s direction to 24 institutions today. Under Presidents Niyazow and Berdimuhamedow, educational infrastructure developed dramatically. Despite this growth, the system of higher education suffers from a lack of faculty—univ...
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... In a previous research, Abu Naser et al. [1,2,3] explored and created a specialized technique for diagnosing neck discomfort, urinary issues, and skin diseases. Abu El-Reesh et al. [4] investigated and developed an expert method for identifying infant and child shortness of breath. ...
This research article describes the design and development of a prototype application that employs healthcare chatbots and medical expert systems. It is a tool for doctors to give patients education and health treatment. This healthcare system's design comprises two systems: the front-end system and the back-end system. The front-end system is composed of the healthcare chatbot, which serves as the user interface unit, and the medical explanation system, which outlines the guiding path. The medical knowledge base, the inference engine, the knowledge base editor, and the user management system make up the back-end system. System design applies knowledge engineering methodologies based on software engineering procedures, with Python, PHP, and MySQL serving as development tools. The system is a web application that can operate on any internet-connected platform, and it is improved through testing (α-Test). Engineers and four medical professionals have conducted experiments, simulated, and evaluated various system tools to get information. It appears that the various systems of medical expert systems developed in this research can function properly according to the purpose for which each function is designed, and are ready to be put through the ethical process of human research in preparation for a future field test (β-Test) with patients.
... The tasks of KBS include perception, interpretation, learning, reasoning, communication, and decisionmaking for a specific issue. KBS, a costeffective way of transferring expert knowledge within a utility company or organization (Leo Kumar 2019), comprises three elements, namely database, expert knowledge, and inference engine ( Figure 2) (Naser and Almursheidi 2016). This system can incorporate utility-based knowledge into existing maintenance scheduling theories, making it the most important part in practical applications (Yunusa-Kaltungo and Labib 2021). ...
The drive by the government of Tanzania to electrify every village has resulted into expansion of the electrical secondary distribution networks (ESDNs). Therefore, maintenance management is of the highest priority for the smooth operation of the ESDNs to reduce unscheduled downtime and unexpected mechanical failures. Studies show that condition-based predictive maintenance (CBPdM) method allows the utility company to monitor, analyze and process the information obtained from ESDNs transformers. Thus, this study adopts the CBPdM method to develop a maintenance scheduling algorithm that can predict the transformer state, forecast maintenance time based on transformer load profile and schedule its maintenance using a knowledge-based system (KBS). Applying the challenge driven education approach, the requirements for developing an algorithm were established through an extensive literature survey and engagement of the key stakeholders from the Tanzania utility company. Our study uses the Dissolved Gas Analysis tool to collect the transformer parameters used in algorithm design. The parameter analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results show that the designed KBS algorithm minimizes human-related maintenance errors and lowers labour costs as the system makes all the maintenance decisions. Specifically, the proposed maintenance scheduling algorithm reduces downtime maintenance costs by 1.45 times relative to the classical inspection-based maintenance model while significantly saving the maintenance costs. Keywords: Electrical power network, Forecasted load consumption, Knowledge-Based System, Maintenance Scheduling, Predictive Maintenance, Secondary Distribution
... Regardless of the complexity of the approach, various ML algorithms are successively employed in structural engineering applications as evident from the comprehensive review provided by Sun et al. [13]. In addition, many recent studies combined ML techniques with building engineering [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For example, Wu et al. [27] used tree-based ensemble classifiers to predict hazardous materials in buildings. ...
Conventional methods of estimating pressure coefficients of buildings retain time and cost constraints. Recently, machine learning (ML) has been successfully established to predict wind pressure coefficients. However, regardless of the accuracy, ML models are incompe-tent in providing end-users confidence as a result of the black-box nature of predictions. In this study, we employed tree-based regression models (Decision tree, XGBoost, Extra-tree, LightGBM) to predict surface-averaged: mean pressure coefficient (Cp, mean), fluctuation pressure coefficient (Cp, rms), and peak pressure coefficient (Cp,peak) of low-rise gable-roofed buildings. The accuracy of models was verified using Tokyo Polytechnic University (TPU) wind tunnel data. Subsequently, we used SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to ex-plain the black-box nature of the ML predictions. The comparison revealed that tree-based models are efficient and accurate in wind predicting pressure coefficients. Interestingly, SHAP provided human-comprehensible explanations for the interaction of variables, the importance of features towards the outcome, and the underlying reasoning behind the predictions. Moreover, SHAP confirmed tree-based predictions adhere to the flow physics of wind engineering, advancing the fidelity of ML-based predictions.
... The position of the neck and the bottom of the head and shoulders is at greater risk as people sit in the wrong way for long periods of time as there is a rapid rise of time span in the following activities like studying, writing or using a computer [1] . ...
Background: In upper cross syndrome (UCS), weaker neck flexors, anterior and middle serratus and lower trapezius along with rhomboids usually develop, and stiffness of the levator scapulae, pectoralis major as well as upper trapezius are biomechanically adapted. Muscle imbalance is the primary cause for the upper cross syndrome between the tonic and phasic muscles. Individuals with upper cross syndrome may also exhibit any of the following issues text neck syndrome, round upper back, reduced thoracic spine mobility, winged scapulae. Active Release Technique (ART) helps to reduce discomfort and improve the range of movement. Also, Active Release Technique (ART) is a manual procedure which is also being used for other soft tissue rehabilitation as well as for the management of the scar tissues. UCS and neck pain is common with uncomfortable job postures as well as in stress and anxiety, due to which muscle dysfunction starts which can further followed by altered posture around the neck. Active Release Technique was also used earlier for muscle dysfunction and for scar tissue mobilization. Changes in musculature structure may exhibit chronic headaches among the patients of upper cross syndrome also unbalanced soft tissue near the neck may create barriers for the head’s range of motion (ROM). Patients complaints were pain, decreased job efficiency for which he was later diagnosed as a case of upper cross syndrome. The patient showed great co-operation during the treatment and now the patient is able to perform his job-related tasks without discomfort
... In this research, OpenSim simulation software is used to create real-world use-case-based scenarios to analyze muscular fatigue. Fatigue is defined as the reduction in muscle performance ability, i.e., a decline in the muscle force [1,[9][10][11]. Scenarios are created viz. walking for 1200 seconds 'with' and 'without' rest conditions. ...
Background: The Human Body system builds on a digital platform helping researchers to observe valuable and informative insights from the body's biological and physiological changes. In this context, the OpenSim simulation tool became popular and used in numerous applications. Objective: Use-case-based model building for simulation-that is during the simulation, the digital human model has to walk for 1200 seconds, With and Without rest conditions. From the simulation, Fatigue Analysis carried out using muscle force data extracted from the OpenSim-based CMC tool. Methods: Full-body musculoskeletal system developed by the OpenSim research community used as a digital human body. Body movements were calibrated by adjusting the .mot file as per mentioned research objectives-With and Without rest conditions, for 1200 seconds. CMC tool responses extracted, lower limb muscles force data analyzed and used to assess muscle fatigue. Results: Correlation analysis carried out on lower limb muscle force exertions of right and left leg separately, during With and Without results conditions. Significantly found the Muscle force decline state of each muscle i.e is Fatigue point. Conclusion: These methods are used to analyze the various ergonomic and occupational-related tasks in the simulation environment, where human physical presence not require. In this experiment, results depict that the simulation modeling approach significantly reaches and outperforms the existing techniques for the analysis of muscular fatigue states.
... Neck pain is a global epidemic that occurs in the cervical spine, radiating to the shoulder and upper back (Abu-Naser & Almurshidi, 2016;Kim et al., 2018).The aetiology of neck pain is multifactorial, including individual, physical, psychosomatic and psychosocial factors (Paksaichol, Lawsirirat & Janwantanakul, 2015). The prominent physical factors are direct trauma and manual job strain, while psychosocial factors include fear, depression, emotion job stress and job dissatisfaction (Bialosky, Bishop & Cleland, 2010). ...
... Elderly observations using the recommender system are found to be implemented, but only focus on one aspect of successful ageing such as nutrition or health, which is not enough to help elderly to achieve successful ageing. There are some research works on recommender systems to improve elderly well-being have been conducted such as health recommendation [7], [8], [9] and nutritional and food recommendation [10], [4], [11]. However, there is no recommendation approach has been studied to recommend interventions for elderly based on multiaspects of successful ageing. ...
A recommender system is an information filtering system that helps users select items that most match their preferences from a vast amount of information available. It has been widely applied in many domains such as e-commerce, healthcare, entertainment and so on. Currently, there are some efforts have been done for recommending interventions to improve elderly well-being in different aspects of successful ageing. However, the recommendations are focused on only a single aspect of successful ageing such as nutrition or health. There are many aspects of successful ageing that should be considered when given interventions to improve elderly wellbeing namely socialization, health, physical, cognitive, nutrition, spirituality and environment. This paper aims to propose a Hybrid Knowledge-Based and Collaborative Filtering (KBCF) recommendation model to recommend interventions based on multiaspects of successful ageing in order to improve the elderly wellbeing. The Knowledge-based (KB) recommendations are generated by consulting a knowledge base which is developed based on knowledge provided by the domain experts. The Collaborative Filtering (CF) approach is applied to find similar users based on elderly profiles generated from the result of assessments done to the elderly. The results of the KB recommendations and the CF recommendations are integrated and ranked to select the final recommendations. The result of experiments conducted using precision, recall and F1 measure shows that the proposed KBCF model outperforms the baseline models which are Basic Search, Collaborative Filtering and Knowledge-based. This result demonstrates the proposed KBCF model provides more accurate and meaningful intervention recommendations for improving the elderly wellbeing in multiaspects of successful ageing. © 2020, World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering. All rights reserved.
... KBS could be regarded as a computer-based technique that facilitate managerial decision-making by presenting various effective alternatives. This algorithm has been applied in many domains, such as medical diagnosis (Naser & ALmursheidi, 2016;Nilashi, Ibrahim, Ahmadi, & Shahmoradi, 2017), credibility assessment (Jensen, Lowry, Burgoon, & Nunamaker, 2010) and recommendation (Vijayakumar, Vairavasundaram, Logesh, & Sivapathi, 2019). ...
Developing a machine capable of a conscious perception of the environment in which it evolves, alongside and with humans, is one of the objectives of bio-inspired artificial intelligence (BAI). AI and BAI research communities generally recognize that the addition of an artificial ability to emerge a kind of "awareness" or "conscious" processing of information by a machine would lead to much more powerful technology. and more advanced than those based on conventional AI.Hearing is one of the main sensory systems of the human cognitive system. The ears transform the myriad of perceived stimuli of the surrounding environment into nerve impulses generated by different types of nerve cells at any time, even when we fall asleep. Indeed, with and alongside vision (i.e. visual ability), the auditory system constitutes a fundamental sense of perception in humans.Motivated by the importance of the auditory complement in humans in the perception and characterization by the latter of the environment in which it evolves and taking into account the current limits for the simulation of the human auditory cognitive mechanism, the main objective of this Doctoral work is to provide the machines with an artificial cognitive hearing capacity giving the latter an increased and adapted perception of the environment to the image of that developed in humans.To achieve this goal, first of all, a study of the most recent research works, covering models of auditory attention, techniques of classification of the environmental sound, those based on deep learning (deep-learning) and mechanisms of human auditory response, was conducted to better understand the current state of the art and the complexity of achieving the objectives of this doctoral work. This study highlighted the shortcomings inherent in existing techniques and guided our investigations towards modeling the bio-inspired mechanisms of auditory divergence detection. These models have been associated with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to categorize sounds detected in the environment by exploiting a knowledge-based system.Then, the work led to the implementation of a model for the detection of auditory deviance using both temporal and spatial characteristics of the perceived sound (temporal and spatial domains). An extraction approach of this type of characteristics has been proposed. Thus, the above-mentioned features contribute to the detection of auditory deviance and auditory saliency in each domain (ie time domain and spatial domain) to then be combined in order to make reliable the detection and categorization of the perceived sound of the real environment ( ie the final result). The experimental results show the viability of the proposed model for detecting deviant salient sounds in a sound clip as well as the robustness and accuracy of the proposed models.Finalement, les travaux ont conduit à la mise au point d’un modèle puissant de détection et caractérisation des sons environnementaux, issu d’une fusion de deux CNN à 4 couches. Les deux types de caractéristiques acoustiques agrégées proposées et évaluées dans chapitre 4 ont servies pour entraîner chaque CNN séparément. La fusion s’effectue au niveau des valeurs « softmax » des deux modèles CNN. Des résultats expérimentaux ont révélés des performances exceptionnelles de détection et de classification d’événements sonores : 97,2% obtenu sur le jeu de données UrbanSound8K, soit 4,2% de plus que les méthodes les plus performantes dans le domaine.
... However, neck muscle active force affects the dynamic response of the head and neck and the risk of whiplash during a collision, which is more pronounced in low-speed collisions [71]. When extra force is applied to the nerve by surrounding tissues, such as nerve impingement, bone, cartilage, muscles and tendons, nerve function may be affected, leading to pain, numbness, weakness and tingling (WAD 2) [1]. ...
Neck injury is one of the most common types of injury in vehicle accidents. The mechanisms of neck injury remain controversial due to the complex structure of the cervical spine and various impact conditions. The aim of the present study is to provide a summary of recent research on neck injury mechanisms, neck injury criteria and neck injury prevention measures. The main types of neck injury resulting from vehicle accidents, including whiplash injury, cervical bone fractures and spinal cord injury, are introduced. Neck injury mechanisms are summarized according to load directions, test or simulation methods, and thresholds by means of impact intensity, load intensity and stress/strain conditions. Neck injury criteria are introduced, including NIC, Nij, Nkm and LNL. Passive and active technologies for neck injury prevention are described and the challenge of neck injury prevention for future intelligent vehicles is discussed.
... A Proposed Expert System for Foot Diseases Diagnosis [59] diagnoses eighteen foot problems of all phases of the human life beginning with baby to the grownup by examining with yes/no questions. A Knowledge Based System for Neck Pain Diagnosis [45] can diagnose seven neck diseases of different phases of the human life beginning by asking the user many questions according to their pain symptoms. An expert system for shoulder problems using CLIPS [57] can help in diagnosing shoulder problems. ...
Background: Arthritis is very common but is not well understood. Actually, "arthritis" is not a single disease; it is an informal way of referring to joint pain or joint disease. There are more than 100 different types of arthritis and related conditions. People of all ages, sexes and races can and do have arthritis, and it is the leading cause of disability in America. More than 50 million adults and 300,000 children have some type of arthritis. It is most common among women and occurs more frequently as people get older. Common arthritis joint symptoms include swelling, pain, stiffness and decreased range of motion. Symptoms may come and go. They can be mild, moderate or severe. They may stay about the same for years, but may progress or get worse over time. Severe arthritis can result in chronic pain, inability to do daily activities and make it difficult to walk or climb stairs. Arthritis can cause permanent joint changes. These changes may be visible, such as knobby finger joints, but often the damage can only be seen on X-ray. Some types of arthritis also affect the heart, eyes, lungs, kidneys and skin as well as the joints. Objectives: The main goal of this expert system is to get the appropriate diagnosis of disease and the correct treatment and give the appropriate method of treatment through several tips that concern the disease and how to treat it and we will see it through the application on the expert system. Methods: in this paper the design of the proposed Expert System which was produced to help Orthopedist in diagnosing Arthritis disease through its symptoms such as: pain on pressure in a joint , Inflammation indicated by joint swelling, Stiffness especially in the morning , Loss of flexibility of joint, Limited, joint movement, Deformity of the joints , Weight loss and fatigue , Non-specific fever and Crepitus. The proposed expert system presents an overview about Arthritis disease is given, the cause of diseases is outlined and the treatment of disease whenever possible is given out. SL5 Object Expert System language was used for designing and implementing the proposed expert system. Results: The proposed Arthritis disease diagnosis expert system was evaluated by Orthopedics students and they were satisfied with its performance. Conclusions: The Proposed expert system is very useful for Orthopedist, patients with arthritis and newly graduated Orthopedics students.
