Figure - available from: Frontiers in Medicine
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology shows atypical cells. (A) The atypical cells of CSF on day 5 after admission were scattered and varied in size, the cell membrane was malformed, and had a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (black arrows). (B) The CSF cytology on day 19 after admission showed reactive lymphocytes and monocytes. Scale bars: 100 μm.
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Background
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) is a human pathogen from the α-subfamily of herpesviruses. In immunocompromised patients, VZV may produce disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical manifestations of CNS infection with VZV are non-specific and can mimic other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Due to similar symptoms, CNS inf...
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Aseptic meningitis caused by Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is a rare phenomenon in the healthy population. Immunocompromised patients are predominantly affected by viral reactivation, characterized by rash and neurological symptoms, and meningitis as a rare complication. Herein, we report two cases of VZV meningitis in adult patients without rash an...
Background
Routine childhood immunization against varicella-zoster virus has led to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of primary varicella. However, there are rare, yet significant cases reported of reactivated Oka-strain varicella, primarily in immunocompromised hosts.
Case Presentation
A 16-year-old female with Hodgkin’s lymphoma developed a...
Citations
... It was difficult to judge the cause of headache and fever in this patient due to the lack of the most intuitive characterization of VZV encephalitis. There are many causes and infectious agents of encephalitis, and the neurological manifestations of many nervous system infectious diseases are nonspecific [18,19]. In our patient, the manifestations of fever and headaches were nonspecific. ...
Acute Varicella Zoster viral encephalitis in immunocompetent adult patients without cutaneous herpes has rarely been reported. A 24-year-old female was hospitalized for a headache with a fever but without other obvious symptoms. Multiple routine examinations showed no abnormalities. Lumbar puncture indicated intracranial hypertension. The examination of cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic next-generation sequencing demonstrated acute Varicella Zoster viral encephalitis. The patient’s condition improved by treatment with acyclovir for antiviral therapy and mannitol dehydration to lower cranial pressure. Central Varicella Zoster viral infection should be emphasized as it is easily misdiagnosed and rare in clinical settings. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid has significant advantages in the diagnosis of Varicella Zoster viral encephalitis.
... 9 MRI is the main method for the initial differentiation between vascular complications and CNS involvement of AML. 5 However, the sensitivity of MRI in diagnosing central infiltration in AML is limited. 10 In addition, patients with meningoencephalitis, meningioma, lymphoma and extra-axial tumors may show hyperintensity, and MRI alone cannot provide adequate information to differentiate them from MS. 10,11 CSF cytology is the standard method for diagnosing CNS leukemia. 5 However, the heterogeneity of blast cells is a great challenge for pathologists. ...
This study aimed to help improve the diagnosis and treatment of isolated myeloid sarcoma. We report the case of a female adolescent patient with isolated meningeal myeloid sarcoma. She was admitted to our department because of vomiting, headache and hearing loss. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple intracranial space-occupying lesions. A complete examination, including morphology, cytology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular biology tests of cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow, was conducted. The diagnosis of primary myeloid sarcoma of the central nervous system with mixed lineage leukemia gene rearrangement with AF6 was established. The patient underwent systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal treatment followed by whole-brain radiotherapy. She achieved complete remission for 84 months and has not developed bone marrow involvement during follow-up. The combination of morphology, cytology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics and molecular analysis can improve the definite diagnosis of isolated myeloid sarcoma.
