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Ceratellopsis acuminata (epitype, Huhtinen 15/07, S). A-C. Dried basidiomata. D. Basidioma observed using a light microscope. E. Close-up of basidioma apex. F. Basidiospores. G. Basidia. H. Medullar hyphae resembling skeletal hyphae. I. One-year-old culture in MEA, kept at 5 °C (culture ex-epitype, CBS 146691). J. Hyphae from cultured mycelium (culture ex-epitype, CBS 146691). Mounting media were Melzer's reagent (D), Congo Red in ammonia (E-H) and water (I). Scale bars: D = 100 μm, E-H = 10 μm; I = 10mm. Photographs I. Olariaga.
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Typhuloid fungi are a very poorly known group of tiny clavarioid homobasidiomycetes. The phylogenetic position and family classification of the genera targeted here, Ceratellopsis, Macrotyphula, Pterula sensu lato and Typhula, are controversial and based on unresolved phylogenies. Our six-gene phylogeny with an expanded taxon sampling shows that ty...
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... are characteristic for many species of Clavariaceae, including species in Clavaria, Clavulinopsis, Ramariopsis (Olariaga 2009) and Ceratellopsis (Fig. 6) and it might be a synapomorphic character of the Clavariineae. The presence of EF-1α intron 21, absent in the rest of the Agaricales ( Matheny et al. 2007) seems so far unique to some Clavariaceae (Clavaria, Clavulinopsis, ...
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Based on morphological and phylogenetic investigations, four new species, Clitocella termitophila, Clitopilus velutinus, Rhodocybe dominicana, and Rhodocybe pseudoalutacea, one new variety, Rhodocybe luteocinnamomea var. fulva, and first reports of Clitopilus prunulus, Rhodocybe mellea, and Rhodocybe roseiavellanea are described and illustrated fro...
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... Sequences of Bryopistillaria clavarioides generated in this study and three additional sequences of environmental samples form a distinct and well-supported clade that is closely related to specimen-sequences of Bryopistillaria sagittiformis from Olariaga et al. (2020) displaying sequence similarities in ITS sequences from 89.25 to 90.42%. Sequences of both species form a well-supported clade in the Rickenellaceae RaxML tree (BP/I: 90/1). ...
... Bryophily is common among members of the Rickenellaceae. Muscinupta laevis and Bryopistillaria sagittiformis grow biotrophically on mosses, but it is still controversial whether they also live facultatively saprotrophically (Olariaga et al. 2020). Rickenella spp., Loreleia spp., and Blasiphalia pseudogrisella (= R. pseudogrisella) and Cantharellopsis prescotii are strictly associated with various mosses and therefore cannot be found separately from their partner. ...
... It is interesting that the spores of B. clavarioides often stick together in clusters (tetrads or more), which was also observed for Bryopistillaria sagittiformis (Olariaga et al. 2020) and Rickenella spp. (Ludwig 2001). ...
The very hot summers of recent years have led to an increase in the number of large forest fires in Europe. We investigated four large fire sites in Brandenburg and Saxony (Germany) up to 4 years after the fires with a focus on studying the post-fire fungal communities. In this context, we documented two species of Agaricomycetes associated with mosses, which are common but particularly emerge on burnt areas, i.e., Arrhenia bryophthora sp. nov. and Bryopistillaria clavarioides sp. nov. The former is an agaric with omphalinoid habit that causes the dieback of the common moss Ceratodon purpureus ; the latter is a clavarioid fungus associated with either Ceratodon purpureus or another common moss, Funaria hygrometrica . Both fungal species appear to be restricted to recently burnt areas and have otherwise not been observed on or in close vicinity of these mosses. Herein, we describe these fungi macro- and micromorphologically as well as on a molecular basis and discuss their taxonomic position and potential lifestyles.
... Tricholomatineae is one of the suborders in which order Agaricales is currently divided. It names a lineage whose monophyletic status is significantly supported by phylogenomic and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (Dentinger et al. 2016, Zhao et al. 2017, Varga et al. 2019, Ke et al. 2020, Olariaga et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2023b). This suborder corresponds to the Tricholomatoid clade as delimited by Binder et al. (2010), which was also detected before them by other authors (Moncalvo et al. 2002, Garnica et al. 2007. ...
... Still, many white-spored clitocyboid and tricholomatoidlooking genera cannot be easily classified within any of these families, and even their position inside suborder Tricholomatineae cannot be confirmed with phylogenetic analyses because of the incomplete data available from some of them (mostly ribosomal DNA sequences). For example, the classification of Asproinocybe, Aspropaxillus, Dendrocollybia, Giacomia, Hertzogia, Hygrophorocybe, Infundibulicybe, Lepistella, Leucocortinarius, Notholepista, Omphaliaster, Omphalina, Paralepista, Paralepistopsis, Pseudoclitopilus, Pseudoomphalina, Resupinatus, Rimbachia, Ripartites, Trichocybe or Tricholosporum is not fully clear , b, 2020, Hofstetter et al. 2014, Sánchez-García et al. 2014, Vizzini 2014a, Alvarado et al. 2018a, b, He et al. 2019, Raj et al. 2019, Varga et al. 2019, Kalichman et al. 2020, Olariaga et al. 2020, He & Yang 2022, Wiest 2022. The classification of these incertae sedis lineages requires the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the entire order Agaricales. ...
... The phylogenies in Zhao et al. (2017) and He et al. (2019) used even larger datasets containing all lineages of Basidiomycotina and some Ascomycotina, and both failed to obtain significant support for most suborders and families of Agaricales. On the other hand, Olariaga et al. (2020) employed a dataset filling an important gap in the diversity of this order, that of typhuloid fungi, obtaining good support for most suborders, but missed important lineages from some of them (i.e., Giacomia, Hohenbuehelia, Limacella, Mycena, Resupinatus, Volvariella). The most recent study of Agaricales following the multigene phylogenetic approach is that of Sheikh et al. (2022), which analyzed a large dataset of LSU, SSU, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences of multiple species of Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Mucoromycotina. ...
The phylogenetic position of several clitocyboid/pleurotoid/tricholomatoid genera previously considered incertae sedis is here resolved using an updated 6-gene dataset of Agaricales including newly sequenced lineages and more complete data from those already analyzed before. Results allowed to infer new phylogenetic relationships, and propose taxonomic novelties to accommodate them, including up to ten new families and a new suborder. Giacomia (for which a new species from China is here described) forms a monophyletic clade with Melanoleuca (Melanoleucaceae) nested inside suborder Pluteineae, together with the families Pluteaceae, Amanitaceae (including Leucocortinarius), Limnoperdaceae and Volvariellaceae. The recently described family Asproinocybaceae is shown to be a later synonym of Lyophyllaceae (which includes also Omphaliaster and Trichocybe) within suborder Tricholomatineae. The families Biannulariaceae, Callistosporiaceae, Clitocybaceae, Fayodiaceae, Macrocystidiaceae (which includes Pseudoclitopilus), Entolomataceae, Pseudoclitocybaceae (which includes Aspropaxillus), Omphalinaceae (Infundibulicybe and Omphalina) and the new families Paralepistaceae and Pseudoomphalinaceae belong also to Tricholomatineae. The delimitation of the suborder Pleurotineae (= Schizophyllineae) is discussed and revised, accepting five distinct families within it, viz. Pleurotaceae, Cyphellopsidaceae, Fistulinaceae, Resupinataceae and Schizophyllaceae. The recently proposed suborder Phyllotopsidineae (= Sarcomyxineae) is found to encompass the families Aphroditeolaceae, Pterulaceae, Phyllotopsidaceae, Radulomycetaceae, Sarcomyxaceae (which includes Tectella), and Stephanosporaceae, all of them unrelated to Pleurotaceae (suborder Pleurotineae) or Typhulaceae (suborder Typhulineae). The new family Xeromphalinaceae, encompassing the genera Xeromphalina and Heimiomyces, is proposed within Marasmiineae. The suborder Hygrophorineae is here reorganized into the families Hygrophoraceae, Cantharellulaceae, Cuphophyllaceae, Hygrocybaceae and Lichenomphaliaceae, to homogenize the taxonomic rank of the main clades inside all suborders of Agaricales. Finally, the genus Hygrophorocybe is shown to represent a distinct clade inside Cuphophyllaceae, and the new combination H. carolinensis is proposed.
... The taxonomic position of the collection's strains is given mainly according to He et al. [19], Wijatawardene et al. [20], and Kalichman et al. [21] for Agaricales, taking into account a number of modern publications concerning some taxonomic groups [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. ...
Culture collections (CCs) play an important role in the ex situ conservation of biological material and maintaining species and strains, which can be used for scientific and practical purposes. The Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection (LE-BIN) preserves a large number of original dikaryon strains of various taxonomical and ecological groups of fungi from different geographical regions. Started in the late 1950s for the investigation of Basidiomycetes’ biological activity, today, in Russia, it has become a unique specialized macromycetes collection, preserving 3680 strains from 776 species of fungi. The Collection’s development is aimed at ex situ conservation of fungal diversity, with an emphasis on preserving rare and endangered species, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and strains useful for biotechnology and medicine. The main methods applied in the collection for maintaining and working with cultures are described, and the results are presented. Some problems for the isolation and cultivation of species are discussed. The taxonomical structure and variety of the strains in the collection fund are analyzed, and they show that the taxonomical diversity of fungi in the LE-BIN is commensurable with the largest CCs in the world. The achievements from the ex situ conservation of the diversity of macromycetes and the main results from the screening and investigation of the collection’s strains demonstrate that a number of strains can be prospective producers of enzymes (oxidoreductases and proteases), lipids, and biologically active compounds (terpenoids, phthalides, etc.) for biotechnology and medicine.
... According to Dentinger et al. (2016), Agaricales was phylogenetically divided into seven suborders: Olariaga et al. (2020) also broadened the taxonomic range of Pleurotineae so that it encompassed not only the previously recognised Pleurotaceae Kühner and Pterulaceae Corner but also Phyllotopsidaceae Olariaga et al., Radulomycetaceae Leal-Dutra et al., Stephanosporaceae Oberw. & E. Horak, Sarcomyxaceae Olariaga et al., and Typhulaceae Jülich. ...
... & E. Horak, Sarcomyxaceae Olariaga et al., and Typhulaceae Jülich. However, the monophyletic clade Pleurotineae was less or not supported by Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP = 0.95) or maximum likelihood bootstrap proportion (ML-BP < 70%) (Olariaga et al. 2020), owing to the insufficient gene fragments. ...
... includes four saprophytic and fan-or kidney-shaped species with prominent cheilocystidia and amyloid basidiospores (Cai et al. 2023). The genus was regarded as a new family based on a single species and was added to the suborder Pleurotineae (Olariaga et al. 2020). ...
The order Agaricales was divided into eight suborders. However, the phylogenetic relationships among some suborders are largely unresolved, and the phylogenetic positions and delimitations of some taxa, such as Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis, remain unsettled. In this study, sequence data of 38 genomes were generated through genome skimming on an Illumina sequencing system. To anchor the systematic position of Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis, a phylogenetic analysis based on 555 single-copy orthologous genes from the aforementioned genomes and 126 publicly accessible genomes was performed. The results fully supported the clustering of Tricholomopsis with Phyllotopsis and Pleurocybella within Phyllotopsidaceae, which formed a divergent monophyletic major lineage together with Pterulaceae, Radulomycetaceae, and Macrotyphula in Agaricales. The analysis also revealed that Sarcomyxaceae formed a unique major clade. Therefore, two new suborders, Phyllotopsidineae and Sarcomyxineae, are proposed for the two major lineages. Analyses of 450 single-copy orthologous genes and four loci suggested that Tricholomopsis consisted of at least four clades. Tricholomopsis is subsequently subdivided into four distinct sections. Seventeen Tricholomopsis species in China, including six new species, are reported. Conoloma is established to accommodate T. mucronata. The substrate preference of Tricholomopsis species and the transitions of the pileate ornamentations among the species within the genus are discussed.
... The morphological delimitation of Merismodes, Cyphellopsis, and Maireina has been the cause of debates about the morphological limits of these genera [43,51,57,62,[80][81][82][83]. Reid [81] considered Cyphellopsis and Maireina as synonyms and suggested that the depth of the cavity that lined the hymenium is a character insufficient for the separation of Cyphellopsis (=Maireina) and Merismodes. ...
During nocturnal field expeditions in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, an unexpected bioluminescent fungus with reduced form was found. Based on morphological data, the taxon was first identified as belonging to the cyphelloid genus Maireina, but in our phylogenetic analyses, Maireina was recovered and confirmed as a paraphyletic group related to genera Merismodes and Cyphellopsis. Maireina filipendula, Ma. monacha, and Ma. subsphaerospora are herein transferred to Merismodes. Based upon morphological and molecular characters, the bioluminescent cyphelloid taxon is described as the new genus Eoscyphella, characterized by a vasiform to urceolate basidiomata, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, being pigmented, weakly to densely encrusted external hyphae, regularly bi-spored basidia, unclamped hyphae, and an absence of both conspicuous long external hairs and hymenial cystidia. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA and LSU rDNA support the proposal of the new genus and confirm its position in Cyphellopsidaceae. Eoscyphella luciurceolata represents a new lineage of bioluminescent basidiomycetes with reduced forms.
... represents the average Q of Table 1 Voucher information and GenBank accession numbers of the samples used in the phylogenetic analyses GenBank accession numbers of sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. Sequences retrieved from GenBank: 1 Liu and Bau (2012), 2 Olariaga et al. (2020), 3 Saito et al. (2014), 4 Tamrakar et al. (2016), 5 Matheny et al. (2006), 6 Binder et al. (2010), 7 Hibbett and Binder (2002) Stephanospora caroticolor IOC 137/97 Germany 7 AF518652 -6 GU187747 - all basidiospores measured ± sample standard deviation. For the terminology of the pileipellis, we follow those of Clémençon (2012) and Vellinga et al. (2018). ...
... and Stephanospora caroticolor (Berk.) Pat. were selected as outgroups (Olariaga et al. 2020). DNA sequences of all gene fragments were separately aligned with MAFFT 7 (Katoh and Standley 2013), and manually optimized using BioEdit (Hall 1999). ...
Two new species of Sarcomyxa from China were described and illustrated based on morphological features and multi-locus (ITS, nrLSU, RPB2, and TEF1-α) phylogeny. Sarcomyxa baishanzuensis has a basidiome without a bitter taste, a purple to purplish yellow pileus surface, clavate cheilocystidia with broadly rounded apex or with short outgrowths, and clavate to nearly fusiform pleurocystidia, while S. ochracea usually has an ochraceous yellow pileus surface, clavate cheilocystidia often with apical outgrowths, and subfusiform pleurocystida usually with a broadly rounded apex. A key to the known species of Sarcomyxa is provided.
... (Fig. 1). This whole group clustered as sister group to a clade consisting of Bulbillomyces farinosus (Bresadola 1903: 105) Jülich (1974, Macrotyphula fistulosa (Holmskjold 1790: 15) R.H. Petersen (1972: 140), Phyllotopsis nidulans (Persoon 1798: 19) Singer (1936 and Pleurocybella porrigens (Persoon 1796: 54) Singer (1947, representing the Phyllotopsidaceae sensu Olariaga et al. (2020). Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region again showed the monophyly of the Cyphelloporia bialoviesensis lineage with "Henningsomyces" sp. and Rectipilus natalensis (Fig. 2). ...
... The genera Pleurocybella and Phyllotopsis, which are very close to Cyphelloporia and Rectipilus (Fig.1), were classified to Typhulaceae by Kalichman et al. (2020). However, Olariaga et al. (2020) showed that Pleurocybella and Phyllotopsis are distant from Typhulaceae s.str. and validated the family Phyllotopsidaceae to accommodate Macrotyphula, Phyllotopsis and Pleurocybella. ...
A striking species of cyphelloid fungus tentatively identified as a Henningsomyces or Rectipilus was collected in Białowieża virgin forest in Poland since 1962. After search in literature, morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses based on LSU and ITS rDNA sequences, the species turned out to be unknown to science with ≥ 5% difference in LSU rDNA sequence from nearest representatives of both cyphelloid and agaricoid fungi. We describe it here as a new genus Cyphelloporia and new species C. bialoviesensis. The species is still known only from the Białowieża forest, where it produces large basidiomata consisting of a well developed subiculum and densely aggregated, tubular receptacles up to 10 mm long on decaying trunks of Picea abies. A detailed morphological description accompanied by line drawings and photographs is provided, and differences from similar Rectipilus and Henningsomyces species are discussed. Phylogenies based on LSU and ITS sequences show that C. bialoviesensis belongs to the lineage formed by Rectipilus species together with Phyllotopsis nidulans and Pleurocybella porrigens, whereas true Henningsomyces species belong to a highly unrelated lineage labelled Niaceae or Cyphellaceae. Family position of C. bialoviesensis is discussed showing that Phyllotopsidaceae is well justified.
... Recently, molecular phylogenetic analyses pointed out that the classical concept of Omphalina, mainly based on morphological features [6][7][8][9], includes several omphalinoid genera nested inside the order Agaricales [2,[10][11][12][13][14], as well as Hymenochaetales Oberw. [15][16][17][18]. Inside the Agaricales there are omphalinoid taxa in the suborders Hygrophorineae (family Hygrophoraceae, subfamily Lichenomphaloideae [13]), Marasmiineae (family Porotheleaceae [19,20]) and Tricholomatineae (family Omphalinaceae [21]). ...
... Inside the Agaricales there are omphalinoid taxa in the suborders Hygrophorineae (family Hygrophoraceae, subfamily Lichenomphaloideae [13]), Marasmiineae (family Porotheleaceae [19,20]) and Tricholomatineae (family Omphalinaceae [21]). Rickenellaceae is the family encompassing omphalinoid taxa in the Hymenochaetales [17,18,22]. Omphalina was restricted to the species phylogenetically related to O. pyxidata (the conserved lectotype of Omphalina [2,10,23,24]), which typically show reddish brown, rusty, or orange-brown tinges on the pileus and stipe, and a non-concolorous hymenophore [2]. ...
The genus Omphalina is an ideal genus for studying the evolutionary mechanism of lichenization. Based on molecular phylogeny using ITS and nuLSU sequences by means of Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses and morphological examination, combining the existence of green algae in basidiomata stipe and a Botrydina-type vegetative thallus, we described a bryophilous new basidiolichen species, Omphalina licheniformis, from a residential area of Jiangxi Province, China. This finding of unusual new basidiolichen species updated our understanding of the delimitation of Omphalina, indicating that both non-lichen-forming and lichen-forming fungal species are included simultaneously. The presence of algal cells in the basidiomata should receive more attention, as this would be helpful to distinguish more potential basidiolichens and explore the cryptic species diversity. This work provides new insights and evidence for understanding the significance of lichenization during the evolution of Agaricomycetes.
... At least 30 spores and 15 basidia from six samples in distilled water and KOH were measured for each recorded species. The specimens were identified after consulting the literature (Remsberg 1940, Corner 1950, Berthier 1976, Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986, Hansen & Knudsen 1997, Wojewoda 2000, Olariaga & Salcedo 2005, Buczacki & al. 2012, Olariaga & al. 2020. Collected samples were deposited as voucher specimens in Fungarium of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye (VANF). ...
... Comments-The sporophore length is given as 20-100 mm by Breitenbach & Kränzlin (1986) and 40-120 mm by Buczacki &al. (2012) andHansen &Knudsen (1997), and the basidiospores of the specimens cited above are slightly shorter than the basidiospores in those three studies. Typhula phacorrhiza is morphologically very similar to T. juncea, but T. juncea does not have sclerotium and its spores are smaller (Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986). ...
Macrofungi samples were collected during routine field studies in 2019 within the borders of Hakkari and Şırnak provinces, Türkiye. Six Typhula species were collected for the first time from Türkiye: T . corallina, T. crassipes, T. incarnata, T. micans, T. phacorrhiza, and T. quisquiliaris. Detailed descriptions of the species are presented with morphological and microscopic illustrations and ecological information.
... In the phylogenetic analysis by Ahmed et al. (2020), Cyphellaceae is limited to Baeospora myosura, B. myriadophylla, Campanophyllum proboscideum, Cyphella digitalis, Cheimonophyllum candidissimum, Granulobasidium vellereum, Athelia bombacina (see above), Chondrostereum purpureum, Gloeostereum incarnatum and G. cimri. Olariaga et al. (2020) highlighted an unsupported clade consisting of Porotheleum fimbriatum, Megacollybia platyphylla, Hydropus cf. scabripes, Cheimonophyllum candidissimum, Hemimycena gracilis and Baeospora myosura, within Marasmiineae + Schizophyllineae. ...
Mycopan is a genus established for Hydropus scabripes by Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (in Redhead 2013). They considered the genus to be distinct based on morphology and the phylogenetic analysis by Moncalvo et al. (2002) which included a sequence
of Hydropus scabripes (AF042635, DAOM 192847) unrelated to the type species of Hydropus (H. fuliginarius). Subsequent sequences of material identified as Hydropus scabripes are not conspecific with the sequence of DAOM 192847. We consider
this sequence (obtained from a mycelium culture) to be misidentified. We investigated the true phylogenetic position of authentic Mycopan including genera previously included in Cyphellaceae and Porotheleaceae. Sixteen collections of M. scabripes from
Europe and North America were studied on morphological and molecular basis (nrITS and nrLSU sequences). No sequences were obtained from the holotype of Mycopan scabripes, and we designate an epitype to fix the interpretation of this species and
the genus Mycopan. Mycopan is maintained as a good genus nested within Cyphellaceae as sister to the mycenoid genus Atheniella. The misidentified Hydropus scabripes AF042635 (DAOM 192847) represents a different species that is closely
related to the holotype (and a new Italian collection) of Hebelomina microspora and the monospecific genus Pleurella described from New Zealand. Consequently, Hebelomina microspora is transferred to the emended genus Pleurella, which is sister to
Baeospora within the Cyphellaceae. Additionally, based on these phylogenetic results, an updated taxonomic arrangement of Cyphellaceae and Porotheleaceae is proposed, emphasizing once again the polyphyletic nature of Hydropus and Gerronema.
