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Central protrusions of the intervertebral discs at the C2-C7 level exerting pressure on the spinal cord and narrowing the spinal canal in the anterior-posterior diameter. (a) Lysthesis at C2 and C3 on the cervical magnetic resonance imaging, intensity changes due to flexion-distraction type opened and closed fracture of the C3 and a teardrop fracture, (b) CT images of the same levels. (c) Compression fractures of the vertebral corpus of T3 and T11, and possible degenerative changes on T1, T2 and T5 on MRI, (d) CT image of the same level.

Central protrusions of the intervertebral discs at the C2-C7 level exerting pressure on the spinal cord and narrowing the spinal canal in the anterior-posterior diameter. (a) Lysthesis at C2 and C3 on the cervical magnetic resonance imaging, intensity changes due to flexion-distraction type opened and closed fracture of the C3 and a teardrop fracture, (b) CT images of the same levels. (c) Compression fractures of the vertebral corpus of T3 and T11, and possible degenerative changes on T1, T2 and T5 on MRI, (d) CT image of the same level.

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Spinal cord injuries are amongst the most dangerous injuries, leading to high mortality and morbidity. Injured patients are occasionally faced with life-threatening complications and qualityof- life changing neurological deficits. Thoracic and cervical spinal segments are the most effected sites of injury and a wide range of complications including...

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Context 1
... the diffusion MRI of the patient, whose CT had been unremarkable and vascular pathologies were ruled out according to radiology reports (1st and 2nd Radiologists), an acute cerebral infarct ( Figure 1) in the parieto-tempero-occipital region was prominent. In the spinal MRI (2nd Radiologist) central protrusions of the intervertebral discs along C2-C7 were exerting pressure on the spinal cord and a narrowing of the antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal was present; there was edema secondary to contusions on the C2-C3, C3-C4 levels ( Figure Efeoglu 2a, b); there were compression fractures of the T1-T2-T3-T5- T11 vertebral corpus, along with left paracentral protrusions causing compression of the anterior subarachnoid space of the intervertebral discs at the T7-T8 level (Figure 2c, d). The patient was consulted to the Neurology and Neurosurgery Departments, and was admitted by the Neurosurgery De- partment. ...
Context 2
... 2nd Radiologist was an ex- perienced faculty member tasked with routine reporting at the hospital where the case presented, and the 3rd Radiolo- gist was a physician with 10 years of academic experience working in a different city (TA), who was invited to review images blindly upon the preparation of this article. Both ra- diologists had the same opinion that central protrusions of the intervertebral discs exerting pressure on the spinal cord along C2-C7, edema/bleeding was prominent at C2-C3, C3- C4 levels secondary to contusion, and apparent compres- sion fractures of T3 and T11 along with the degeneration of T1, T2 and T5 (Figure 2a-d). Additionally, in the evaluation carried out by the 3rd Radiologist, minimally displaced flex- ion-distraction type fracture from the frontal section of the lower plateau of the C3 vertebra corpus towards the upper- mid section, with a tear drop fracture, a minimal retrolisthe- sis of the C3 according to C4, along with Modic type 2 bone marrow signal intensity changes consistent with degen- eration of the T1, T3 and T5 vertebra corpuses and Schmorl nodule indentations were noted. ...

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... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is usually caused by concussive force or direct trauma to the spinal cord, and can lead to loss of both sensory and voluntary motor activity (Efeoglu et al., 2014;Pannek et al., 2019;Sharma et al., 2019). A systematic review on the epidemiology of SCI shows that its incidence rate ranges from 12.06 to 61.6 per million, with most patients ranging from 26.8 to 56.6 years old (Ning et al., 2013). ...
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Objective: Studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has a beneficial effect in the treatment of spinal cord injury. A meta-analysis was used to study the effect of DHA on the neurological recovery in the rat spinal cord injury model, and the relationship between the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury and the time and method of administration and the dose of DHA. Data source: Published studies on the effect of DHA on spinal cord injury animal models from seven databases were searched from their inception to January 2019, including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases. The search terms included "spinal cord injury" "docosahexaenoic acid", and "rats". Data selection: Studies that evaluated the influence of DHA in rat models of spinal cord injury for locomotor functional recovery were included. The intervention group included any form of DHA treatment and the control group included treatment with normal saline, vehicle solution or no treatment. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation's risk of bias assessment tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies. Literature inclusion, quality evaluation and data extraction were performed by two researchers. Meta-analysis was then conducted on all studies that met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed on the data using RevMan 5.1.2. software. Outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the score on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale. Secondary outcome measures were the sloping plate test, balance beam test, stair test and grid exploration test. Results: A total of 12 related studies were included, 3 of which were of higher quality and the remaining 9 were of lower quality. The highest mean Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale score occurred at 42 days after DHA treatment in spinal cord injury rats. At 21 days after treatment, the mean difference in Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores between the DHA group and the control group was the most significant (pooled MD = 4.14; 95% CI = 3.58-4.70; P < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, improvement in the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale score was more significant in rats administered DHA intravenously (pooled MD = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.41-4.07; P < 0.0001) and subcutaneously (pooled MD = 2.99; 95% CI = 2.29-3.69; P < 0.00001) than in the groups administered DHA orally (pooled MD = 3.04; 95% CI = -1.01 to 7.09; P = 0.14). Intravenous injection of DHA at 250 nmol/kg (pooled MD = 2.94; 95% CI = 2.47-3.41; P < 0.00001] and 1000 nmol/kg [pooled MD = 3.60; 95% CI = 2.66-4.54; P < 0.00001) significantly improved the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale score in rats and promoted the recovery of motor function. Conclusion: DHA can promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. The administration of DHA by intravenous or subcutaneous injection is more effective than oral administration of DHA. Intravenous injection of DHA at doses of 250 nmol/kg or 1000 nmol/kg is beneficial. Because of the small number and the low quality of the included studies, more high-quality research is needed in future to substantiate the results.
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