Table 3 - uploaded by Alison Bailie
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Source publication
Canada’s six largest urban areas provide homes and jobs for almost 15 million people,
nearly half of our population. Transporting these citizens to and from work, school, health
care, shopping and other destinations consumes energy, which in turn contributes to
environmental problems, in particular climate change. Fortunately, there are many opport...
Citations
... The urban area extends over a wide land area (approximately 725 km 2 ), with sprawling suburbs dominated by single-family dwellings. In 2006, Calgary had the second largest average commute distance in Canada; more than 75% of commuters used a personal vehicle and over 60% of these carried a single occupant (Bailie and Beckstead, 2010). In 2008, 68% of NO x emissions were attributed to transportation (CRAZ, 2012). ...
In order to accurately assess air pollution risks, health studies require spatially resolved pollution concentrations. Land-use regression (LUR) models estimate ambient concentrations at a fine spatial scale. However, spatial effects such as spatial non-stationarity and spatial autocorrelation can reduce the accuracy of LUR estimates by increasing regression errors and uncertainty; and statistical methods for resolving these effects - e.g., spatially autoregressive (SAR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models-may be difficult to apply simultaneously.
