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La familia Lamiaceae es muy diversa en México y se distribuye con preferencia en las zonas templadas, aunque es posible encontrar géneros como Hyptis y Asterohyptis, que habitan en zonas secas y calientes; es una de las familias más diversas en el país, de la cual no se tenían datos actualizados sobre su diversidad y endemismo. En este trabajo se p...
Citations
... The combination of such deeply contrasting character states in a single genus has practical implications. For instance, identification keys result entirely artificial by relying only on generic characters broadly present in other labiates, or negative statements (such as lack of staminal lever mechanism, a dorsal scutellum in the calyx or a showy involucre subtending the flowers) (Pool 2012, Martínez-Gordillo et al. 2013, González-Gallegos et al. 2016; Clinopodium is even retrieved in 8 different leads in the identification key to the genera of tribe Mentheae (Harley et al. 2004). As for other plant genera including many species (Calvo & Aedo 2015, Wagensommer et al. 2016, Clinopodium is deemed as a challenging genus due to complex taxonomic relationships between species included in this genus. ...
Recent botanical exploration in grasslands in northwestern Oaxaca have revealed a Clinopodium (Lamiaceae) taxon that cannot be referred to any of the current described species. This plant is most similar to C. hintoniorum from northeastern Mexico, in Nuevo Léon, in general habit and architecture; however, it can be easily distinguished by leaf blade shape and width, calyx teeth shape and length, lack of tufts of hairs between them and a distinction in the relative proportion between calyx and corolla tube. This new species represents an addition to the flora of Oaxaca and to the biogeographic province of Sierra Madre del Sur, being endemic to these two areas. The taxon is here presented as C. eplingianum in honor to Carl Epling, the most prominent scholar in the study of American Lamiaceae. Morphological description, distribution map and illustration of the species are provided.
... The flora of China reports 96 genera and 807 species [26]. In Mexico, 32 genera have been reported, comprising 591 species, notably with a high endemism rate of 65.82% [27]. In South Africa, there are 42 genera with 297 species, of which 105 are endemic [28]. ...
Lamiaceae is a botanical family rich in aromatic species that are in high demand such as basil, lavender, mint, oregano, sage, and thyme. It has great economical, ecological, ethnobotanical, and floristic importance. The aim of this work is to provide an updated view on the aerobiology of species from the family Lamiaceae, with an emphasis on novelties and emerging applications. From the aerobiology point of view, the greatest interest in this botanical family is related to the volatile organic compounds emitted by the plants and, to a much lesser extent, their pollen. Research has shown that the major volatile organic compounds emitted by the plants from this botanical family are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The most important monoterpenes reported across studies include α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, menthol, limonene, and γ-terpinene. Most reports tend to cover species from the subfamily Nepetoideae. Volatile oils are produced by glandular trichomes found on aerial organs. Based on general morphology, two main types are found in the family La-miaceae, namely peltate and capitate trichomes. As a result of pollinator-mediated transfer of pollen , Lamiaceae species present a reduced number of stamens and quantity of pollen. This might explain the low probability of pollen presence in the air from these species. A preliminary synopsis of the experimental evidence presented in this work suggests that the interplay of the organic particles and molecules released by these plants and their environment could be leveraged for beneficial outcomes in agriculture and landscaping. Emerging reports propose their use for intercropping to ensure the success of fructification, increased yield of entomophilous crops, as well as in sensory gardens due to the therapeutic effect of volatiles.
... Hyptis albida, conocida comúnmente como orégano, salvia, salvia real, es un arbusto perenne perteneciente a la familia Lamiaceae que comprende 7.200 especies (Harley et al., 2004). Esta familia es la más diversa de la República Mexicana, solo después de Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Orchidaceae, Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae y Rubiaceae (Martínez et al., 2013). El género Hyptis incluye más de 250 especies y se origina y distribuye desde Brasil hasta el sur de Estados Unidos. ...
The objective of this research work was to estimate the population of wild salvia (Hyptis albida) plants and the yield of matter in wild conditions. Two sites (S1 and S2) evaluated of 10,000 m 2 were located, presenting a population of 25 to 27 plants. The aerial coverage of the S2 was 1.19 times greater per plant than the S1. However, the stem area of the S2 plants was 1.30 times thicker compared to S1. Average leaf moisture at both sites in spring was 30.74% and 36.61% in summer. In both sites the same species associated with H. albida were found, except Parkinsonia aculeata and Krameria erecta were not observed in S2. Flowering occurred from February to April and from July to September. There were no pests with a significant damage threshold or diseases. According to the weather conditions in May, June and July there were temperatures above 40ºC and below 10ºC in January and February. H. albida is an alternative to start its domestication.
... Origen geográfico. Las especies nativas de México dominaron ampliamente (85.9 %) frente a las introducidas (14.1 %), y estas últimas procedieron, en general, principalmente del Viejo Mundo (26 especies Los géneros con mayor riqueza de especies en la flora viaria se citan entre los de mayor riqueza a escala nacional (Ramamoorthy & Elliott 1998, Alcántar-Mejía et al. 2012, Martínez-Gordillo et al. 2013, Villaseñor 2016. Salvia (Lamiaceae) presentó el mayor número de especies y se ha reportado que existe una mayor diversidad de especies en las zonas montañosas del centro-sur de México, donde destacan en particular los bosques templados y la vegetación secundaria (Cornejo-Tenorio & Ibarra-Manríquez 2011). ...
Antecedentes:
Las plantas viarias crecen en las orillas de vías de comunicación y han sido poco estudiadas.
Preguntas:
¿Cuál es la riqueza de las angiospermas viarias? ¿Cuál es el porcentaje de especies nativas e introducidas entre las angiospermas viarias?
Especies de estudio:
Angiospermas viarias nativas e introducidas.
Sitio y años de estudio:
Carretera Chalma-Malinalco, municipio de Malinalco, Estado de México, México, mayo 2008-abril 2009.
Métodos:
Se recolectaron las especies de angiospermas en el derecho de vía de la carretera a través de 24 recorridos quincenales. Adicionalmente, se enlistaron las especies y se estimó su cobertura en 14 cuadros de muestreo (4 m² cada uno).
Resultados:
Se registraron 327 especies. Asteraceae, Fabaceae y Poaceae fueron las familias con mayor riqueza de géneros y especies. Las especies nativas fueron dominantes (85.9 %), mientras que las introducidas agruparon el 14.1 %; éstas últimas procedieron principalmente del Viejo Mundo. Alrededor del 70 % de las especies fueron hierbas. Bouteloua repens y Eleusine indica presentaron mayor cobertura y frecuencia, respectivamente.
Conclusiones:
La flora viaria era rica en angiospermas, la mayoría hierbas y con dominancia de plantas nativas. Los pastos introducidos tenían un papel sobresaliente en cuanto a frecuencia. Es necesario continuar con investigaciones florísticas, ecológicas, etnobotánicas, entre otras, sobre este grupo de plantas que ha sido escasamente estudiado.
... Salvia is the genus of the Lamiaceae family with the highest species diversity in Mexico, being represented by approximately 306 species, which are widely distributed in temperate forests, particularly coniferous and oak forests, although there are also sections that prefer arid areas [1,2]. Several species of Salvia have been reported to have a wide range of uses in Traditional Mexican Medicine, including alleviating respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis and coughs, and curing skin conditions, such as pimples, rashes, and measles. ...
Salvia semiatrata Zucc. (Lamiaceae) is endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico, and is known for its analgesic properties. Terpenoids and phenolic compounds with antinociceptive potential have been characterised from this species. The aim of this research was to determine the variation in terpenoids and flavonoids in ethyl acetate extracts of S. semiatrata collected from ten different localities, as well as to evaluate the antinociceptive effect between plants with higher and lower contents of these secondary metabolites. Quantification of S. semiatrata compounds was performed via HPLC-DAD, whereas in vivo evaluation of the antinociceptive effect was performed via formalin test. The results showed that the most abundant groups of metabolites are oleanolic acid (89.60–59.20 µg/mg), quercetin (34.81–16.28 µg/mg), catechin (11.30–9.30 µg/mg), and 7-keto-neoclerodan-3,13-dien-18,19:15,16-diolide (7-keto) (8.01–4.76 µg/mg). Principal component and canonical correspondence analysis showed that the most contrasting localities in terms of compound content and climatic variables are Miahuatlán and Santiago Huauclilla. The differences in metabolite content between the two locations did not affect the antinociceptive effects evaluated at a dose of 300 mg/kg, p.o. In conclusion, the results indicate that S. semiatrata is effective in relieving pain, regardless of the site of collection, reinforcing its traditional use as analgesic.
... the country (Martínez-Gordillo et al., 2013;. These species mainly belong to the subgenus Calosphace (288 spp.), followed by subgenus Audibertia (13 spp.) and clade Heterosphace (5 spp.). ...
... From this species, the leaf exudate of populations collected in Puebla was investigated, leading to the isolation of a 3,4-seco-isopimarane diterpenoid whose structure and relative stereochemistry was established as 3,4-seco-isopimara-4(18),7,15-trien-3-oic acid as possible responsible of the antispasmodic in in vitro assays (Romussi et al., 2001). This compound has also been identified in S. elegans, which is closely related to S. cinnabarina (Martínez-Gordillo et al., 2013;Fragoso-Martínez et al., 2018). In addition, two new labdanetype diterpenoids-malonylcommunol and 6β-hydroxy-trans-communic acid-were evaluated in yeast α-glucosidases to demonstrate a concentration-dependent inhibition together to two already known labdane diterpenoids, trans-communic acid and trans-communol (Bustos-Brito et al., 2020). ...
... The chan (Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit) has a worldwide distribution in temperate zones, particularly in the Mediterranean and Central Asia. In Mexico it is distributed in mountainous areas and it belongs to the Lamiaceae family (Martínez-Gordillo et al. 2013). This family has economic importance because some species are used as condiments (Origanum, Thymus, Mentha) to obtain essential oils (Lavandula, Pogostemon, Salvia) and ornamental oils (Coleus, Salvia, Scutellaria). ...
The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of chan seed oil by supercritical fluid as a function of pressure, temperature and extraction time using response surface methodology, and to evaluate its physicochemical properties and its quality. The optimal extraction conditions were 450 bar, 80 °C, and 193 min with an extraction yield of 9.21% and 62.36% recovery. The viscosity of the oil was 104.13 mPa s, and the activation energy was 2.104 kJ/mol; primary and secondary oxidation was 1.681 and 0.662. The quality of the oils was evaluated with saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). They were also determined the atherogenicity (AI), (6.70–8.27) and thrombogenicity indices (TI), (0.075–0.094); and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (HH) ratio, (19.12–33.84). The oils presented high content of fatty acids ω 3, 6, and 9, and the oxidizability was from 6.70 to 8.27, indicating good stability. The characteristics of the oil extracted were compared with the oil obtained conventionally.
... Con relación a los géneros, Salvia es el género más grande de la familia (Flores-Tolentino et al., 2020) y alberga entre 62 y 69 especies en el estado de Michoacán (Cornejo-Tenorio e Ibarra-Manríquez, 2011;Martínez-Gordillo et al., 2013;Lara-Cabrera et al., 2016;Martínez-Gordillo et al., 2017;Flores-Tolentino et al., 2020), siendo los bosques templados de Pinus-Quercus y de Quercus, donde más registros presenta; el municipio de Tingambato cuenta con 14 especies (Cornejo-Tenorio e Ibarra-Manríquez, 2011); las especies localizadas en el área de estudio, son alrededor del 14 % del estado y 64.2 % del municipio. El género Solanum es el más diverso dentro de su familia con 130 especies reportadas para el país y 29 para Michoacán ; las seis especies del área de estudio son 4.6 % y 20.6 %, respectivamente. ...
Se presentan los resultados del inventario florístico realizado en el Área Voluntaria para la Conservación del Cerro de Comburinda, con una superficie aproximada de 983.103 ha, donde las actividades humanas están ocasionando notable deterioro en la diversidad biológica. La lista se compone de 75 familias, 169 géneros y 221 especies con 5 taxa infraespecíficos. Las eudicotiledóneas son dominantes. La familia más diversa es Asteraceae y los géneros Salvia y Solanum son los mejor representados. Bosque de coníferas, bosque de encino y bosque mesófilo de montaña fueron los tipos de vegetación identificados. Se encontraron cuatro especies en riesgo según la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Este estudio será una herramienta útil para acciones de la recuperación, conservación y manejo del lugar.
... In Mexico, Salvia genus is composed of 306 species. Mexican Salvia species have several uses such as cosmetic, culinary, and medicinal uses, and ritual purposes (Martínez-Gordillo et al. 2013). Salvia circinnata Cav. ...
The HPLC–PDA profiling of an acetone-soluble extract of the leaves of Salvia circinnata Cav. (Syn. Salvia amarissima Ortega), Lamiaceae, collected at Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico, indicated this population corresponds to the chemotype “amarisolide A.” The phytochemical study of the extract led to the isolation of two new diterpenoid glucosides, amarisolide H and 15-epi-amarisolide H, which were obtained as an epimeric mixture, together with the known compounds amarisolides A, D, G, 16-epi-amarisolide G, and 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavone. The structures of compounds amarisolide H and 15-epi-amarisolide H were determined by the analyses of their NMR and HRMS data. The cytotoxicity and anti-multidrug resistance (MDR) effects of compounds amarisolide H, 15-epi-amarisolide H, amarisolide A, amarisolide G, and 16-epi-amarisolide G in MCF-7 cancer cells sensible and resistant to vinblastine were essayed.
... The chan (Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit) has a worldwide distribution in temperate zones, particularly in the Mediterranean and Central Asia. In Mexico it is distributed in mountainous areas and it belongs to the Lamiaceae family (Martínez-Gordillo et al. 2013). This family has economic importance because some species are used as condiments (Origanum, Thymus, Mentha) to obtain essential oils (Lavandula, Pogostemon, Salvia) and ornamental oils (Coleus, Salvia, Scutellaria). ...
The aim of this study was to obtain of chan seeds oil by supercritical fluids, and to evaluate its physicochemical properties and its quality. The optimal extraction conditions were 450 bar, 80°C, and 193 min with an extraction yield of 9.21% and 62.36% recovery. The viscosity of the oil was 104.13 mPa s, and the activation energy was 2.104 KJ/mol; primary and secondary oxidation was 1.681 and 0.662. The quality of the oils was evaluated with saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). They were also determined the atherogenicity (AI), (6.70–8.27) and thrombogenicity indices (TI), (0.075–0.094); and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (HH) ratio, (19.12–33.84). The oils presented high content of fatty acids ω 3, 6, and 9, and the oxidizability was from 6.70 to 8.27, indicating good stability. The characteristics of the oil extracted were compared with the oil obtained conventionally.
