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Categorized results for the survey question "Do you think having imagery and models such as these is useful for regulatory stream monitoring purposes? How about in the context of general restoration efforts?"
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Many restoration projects' success is not evaluated, despite available conventional ecological assessment methods. There is a need for more flexible, affordable, and efficient methods for evaluation, particularly those that take advantage of new remote sensing and geospatial technologies. This study explores the use of illustrative small unmanned a...
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Context 1
... to the stream experts. When asked "Do you think having imagery and models such as these is useful for regulatory stream monitoring purposes? How about in the context of general restoration efforts?", most survey participants reported that the imagery and models would be useful for regulatory stream monitoring purposes and restoration efforts (Fig. 4). Out of the nine respondents, five participants agreed that the products would be useful ("Useful"). One participant wrote: "I found the [sUAS] products to be very useful to assess condition. I would think these tools could be used to assess stream condition and monitor changes over time in different study reaches." Three of these nine ...
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Citations
... Complex methods, such as the system of 49 indicators or river restoration success [11], involve demanding field surveys that require skilled personnel for data acquisition based on visual assessment. The developed qualitative assessment schemes, such as the Stream Visual Assessment Protocol [12], have shown their effectiveness in practice and were also tested for the application of UAV-based imagery [13]. ...
The detection and mapping of riverscapes with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, drones) provide detailed, reliable, and operable spatial information in hydrological sciences, enhancing conventional field survey techniques. In this study, we present the results of long-term, optical RGB (red, green, blue) UAV monitoring of stream restoration projects to identify the positive and negative features that affect their sustainability. We determined quantitative and qualitative aspects of restoration, such as the restoration effect, the dynamics of fluvial processes, hydrological connectivity, and riparian vegetation. The study was based on six years of UAV monitoring in three restored streams in Prague, Czech Republic. The multitemporal riverscape models from the photogrammetric reconstruction served as a basis for the visual assessment, compliant with the standard hydromorphological assessment. Such a combined approach extends the potential of UAV monitoring by allowing for the use of existing classification schemes and data and the objective detection of critical features. The study pointed to the significant discrepancies in channel geometry between the planned restorations and realized restorations in all assessed projects as a general phenomenon. Multitemporal, optical RGB UAV monitoring then detected issues in qualitative aspects that limit restoration quality, such as water overuse, extensive eutrophication, or inefficient riparian shading.
... However, in this study, we raise the main hypothesis that ENMs could be useful and applicable tools in post-fire vegetation dynamic restoration programmes, considering the consequences of climate change on the potential distribution of the plant species. The resulting maps (i.e., potential distribution of plant species), in combination with other sources of information (i.e., remote sensing, field work, drone data, etc.), will increase the amount of information available to managers and could lead to a significant improvement in post-fire restoration plans in the current context of climate change (San-Miguel-Ayanz et al., 2012;Evans et al., 2020). ENMs would allow to select the appropriate tree species and identify areas where the environmental conditions are optimal for the implementation of different reforestation strategies (Di Sacco et al., 2021). ...
Climate change and land-use changes are the main drivers altering fire regimes and leading to the occurrence of megafires. Current management policies mainly focus on short-term restoration without considering how climate change might affect regeneration dynamics. We aimed to test the usefulness of ecological niche models (ENMs) to integrate the effects of climate change on tree species distributions into post-fire restoration planning. We also examined different important conceptual and methodological aspects during this novel process. We constructed ENM at fine spatial resolution (25 meters) for the four main tree species (Pinus pinaster, Quercus J o u r n a l P r e-p r o o f Journal Pre-proof 2 pyrenaica, Q. faginea and Q. ilex) in an area affected by a megafire in Central Spain at two scales (local and regional), two periods (2 and 14 years after the fire) at the local scale, and under two future climate change scenarios. The usefulness of ENMs as support tools in decision-making for post-fire management was confirmed for the first time. As hypothesized, models developed at both scales are different, since they represent different scale dependent drivers of species distribution patterns. However, both provide objective information to be considered by stakeholders in combination with other sources of information. Local models generated with vegetation data 14 years after the fire provided valuable information about local and current vegetation dynamics (i.e., current microecology spatial niche prediction). Regional models are capable of considering a higher proportion of the climatic niche of species to generate reliable climate change forecasts (i.e., future macroclimate spatial niche forecast). The use of precise ENMs provide both an objective interpretation of potential habitat conditions and the opportunity of examining vegetation patches, that can be very valuable in managing restoration of areas affected by megafires under climate change conditions.
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Recent developments in technology and data processing for Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have revolutionized the scope of ecosystem monitoring, providing novel pathways to fill the critical gap between limited-scope field surveys and limited-customization satellite and piloted aerial platforms. These advances are especially ground-breaking for supporting management, restoration, and conservation of landscapes with limited field access and vulnerable ecological systems, particularly wetlands. This study presents a scoping review of the current status and emerging opportunities in wetland UAV applications, with particular emphasis on ecosystem management goals and remaining research, technology, and data needs to even better support these goals in the future. Using 122 case studies from 29 countries, we discuss which wetland monitoring and management objectives are most served by this rapidly developing technology, and what workflows were employed to analyze these data. This review showcases many ways in which UAVs may help reduce or replace logistically demanding field surveys and can help improve the efficiency of UAV-based workflows to support longer-term monitoring in the face of wetland environmental challenges and management constraints. We also highlight several emerging trends in applications, technology, and data and offer insights into future needs.
Drones are becoming more accessible and efficient. This article presents a review of recent scientific literature focusing on their use to study wildlife. The 250 publications consulted were grouped into one of 4 categories: wildlife surveys, the behavioural response of wildlife to drones, the study of wildlife behaviour and wildlife protection. The review highlighted the great potential of drones for helping in the survey of animals, especially birds and mammals, and it also revealed the developments underway to allow their use for studying aquatic fauna, amphibians, reptiles and insects. The main impacts of drones on animals are presented and, based on the available information, preliminary recommendations are made to limit their disturbance to wildlife. Drones have multiple advantages and the rapid development of this technology suggests that several of the current limits to their use will soon be overcome. Finally, elements of the Canadian regulations on the use of drones are presented. In conclusion, in the medium-term, drones have the potential to play a significant role in the protection and management of biodiversity.
