Figure 4 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Academics and the maritime industry have used the Heinrich Pyramid for decades to justify overall safety theory, risk assessments, and accident prevention strategies. Most use Heinrich’s original severity ratios (1:29:300) for accident causation development in a factory setting. However, to use the Pyramid effectively and mitigate risks/hazards, it...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... total of 35 variables were present in the final dataset, 19 of them being useful for the clustering analysis (Table 1). Initial frequency calculations showed that the data did not represent Heinrich ratios (1:29:300) but contained 14 ''Very Serious'' accidents, 67 ''Serious,'' 714 ''Less Serious,'' and 557 ''Marine Incidents'' (Figure 4). The data are not pyramid shaped, but more that of a diamond. ...
Similar publications
Hybrid electric ships powered by diesel generators and batteries are the main configuration for shipboard microgrids (SMGs) in the current maritime industry. Extensive studies have been conducted for the hybrid operation mode, whereas the all-electric operation mode and the switching between the aforementioned two modes in a system with multiple ge...
Citations
... The accident triangle is an adequate rule-of-thumb for safety planning; like any theory, it must be tested and updated. Industries need a set taxonomy for hazards/ accidents and data to calibrate it [31]. Chemical enterprises are characterized by large scale, multiple organizational departments and levels, harsh production process conditions, complex equipment, and numerous risk factors [32,33]. ...
Background
With the rapid development of China’s chemical industry, although researchers have developed many methods in the field of chemical safety, the situation of chemical safety in China is still not optimistic. How to prevent accidents has always been the focus of scholars’ attention.
Methods
Based on the characteristics of chemical enterprises and the Heinrich accident triangle, this paper developed the organizational-level accident triangle, which divides accidents into group-level, unit-level, and workshop-level accidents. Based on 484 accident records of a large chemical enterprise in China, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the rationality of accident classification and the occurrence rules of accidents at different levels. In addition, this paper used TF-IDF and K-means algorithms to extract keywords and perform text clustering analysis for accidents at different levels based on accident classification. The risk factors of each accident cluster were further analyzed, and improvement measures were proposed for the sample enterprises.
Results
The results show that reducing unit-level accidents can prevent group-level accidents. The accidents of the sample enterprises are mainly personal injury accidents, production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents. The leading causes of personal injury accidents are employees’ unsafe behaviors, such as poor safety awareness, non-standard operation, illegal operation, untimely communication, etc. The leading causes of production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents include the unsafe state of materials, such as equipment damage, pipeline leakage, short-circuiting, excessive fluctuation of process parameters, etc.
Conclusion
Compared with the traditional accident classification method, the accident triangle proposed in this paper based on the organizational level dramatically reduces the differences between accidents, helps enterprises quickly identify risk factors, and prevents accidents. This method can effectively prevent accidents and provide helpful guidance for the safety management of chemical enterprises.
... This means issues related to accidents at the workplace is a traditional phenomenon, since it catches the minds of researchers in the past. Heinrich conducted a study of statistical accidents and concluded that mishaps follow a sequence of events (Majumdar et al. 2022;Khakzad and Khan 2021). However, this may not be the case in some industries and companies (Moore et al. 2020), therefore Heinrich's conclusion cannot be generalised to other organisations. ...
... This means the domino theory considers various stakeholders and approaches in the accident prevention process. According to statistics on accidents' reports Heinrich deduced that 88 percent of accidents are due to unsafe act of workers, 10 percent due to unsafe conditions and 2 percent of all accidents are associated with act of God such as natural disasters (Hosseinian and Torghabeh 2012;Majumdar et al. 2022;Fu et al. 2020;). This suggests that occurrence of accidents is attributed to anthropogenic activities at the workplace. ...
... The simplicity of Heinrich's Domino Theory allows for easier implementation and communication of accident prevention strategies within an organisation (Lan and Hou 2020;Yeo et al. 2020). Additionally, Heinrich's Domino Theory is practical; it emphasizes on the importance of addressing underlying causes rather than solely focusing on the immediate cause of an accident (Majumdar et al. 2022;Chen et al. 2023). This suggests that through identifying and addressing the contributing factors leading up to an incident, organizations can implement preventive measures that reduce the likelihood of similar accidents occurring in the future. ...
Ensuring work safety is a critical aspect of any organization's operations, as it directly impacts the well-being and productivity of employees. In Zimbabwe, like many other developing countries, work safety analysis is often overlooked or inadequately addressed, leading to a high number of workplace accidents and injuries. This paper proposes a process-based model for effective and sustainable work safety analysis in Zimbabwe, aiming to provide organizations with a systematic approach to identify and mitigate potential hazards. The proposed model incorporates various stages that organizations can follow to conduct work safety analysis comprehensively. These stages include hazard identification, risk assessment, control measures implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and continuous improvement. The model emphasizes on work environment, work design, worker, workplace relationships and work safety analysis in reducing accidents to As Low As Reasonable Possible (ALARP). The model is based on a systematic literature review of existing research on work safety in Zimbabwe and other countries. The review identified key factors that contribute to workplace accidents and fatalities, including lack of training, inadequate personal protective equipment, and poor communication. The proposed model addresses these factors through a series of steps, including stakeholder identification, risk assessment, and performance measurement. The model also emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement and learning, as well as the need for regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure its effectiveness. The review concludes by highlighting the potential benefits of the proposed model for improving work safety in Zimbabwe and other developing countries.
... The research results are in line with the expected assumption that human factors are directly or indirectly affected by many other factors. Surprisingly, this study found that the key sub-factors of five categories of factors, especially the Q7 (self-confidence) and Q8 (psychological counseling) of human factors, belong to human internal psychological factors, which is consistent with the fundamental source factors of Heinrich's causal chain theory of accidents (Majumdar et al., 2022). The other four categories of factors, Environment, Material, and Management all have two key influencing sub-factors, while Method has only one key influencing sub-factor. ...
... - [21] D [23] : [22] : ...
... Ech-Cheikh et al. [20] evaluated the risks of container ports using a risk matrix based on empirical accident data in Morocco. ML methods were also attempted to predict container port hazards or classify key factors for container port accidents [21,22]. Atak [23] conducted a fuzzy-based risk analysis for a container port in Turkey. ...
... This theory states that in the process of constructing the Digital Twins of social relations, attention should be paid to minor problems that arise at any point in social relations, and incorrect things or ideas should be corrected in time. • Heinrich's Law [28] . In the construction of the Digital Twins of social relations, the potential threats of various small hidden dangers should be considered. ...
The new-generation information technology development enables Digital Twins to reshape the physical world into the virtual digital space and provide technical support for Metaverse construction. The Metaverse objects can be mesoscale or macro-micro-scales. Metaverse is a complex collection of both solid substances and liquid, gaseous, plasma, and other uncertain states. Additionally, Metaverse integrates the tangibles with social relations, such as interpersonal relations (friendship, love, and blood relations) and the overall social relations (ethics, morality, and law). This work also introduces some principles or laws to construct the Digital Twins model for social relations, such as broken windows theory, small-world phenomenon, survivor bias, and herd behavior. Thus, from multiple angles, it reviews mapping the tangible and intangible real-world objects to the Metaverse using the Digital Twins model.
The introduction of dry ports has changed the structure of the logistics systems in different countries. The impact of dry ports to the supply chain functions and flow of material have been studied in the scientific literature, however the role of the ports in the increased safety and security demand in the current turbulent international business environment have been sparsely discussed. The aim of this paper is to address the forementioned gap in the scientific literature by investigating the impact to supply chain safety and security of introducing new dry port to a multimodal maritime supply chain. The results of the study reveal how the safety and security of the supply chain differs with the introduction of dry port to a multimodal supply chain from different actors’ perspective as well as the issues that remain unchanged. The results suggest that dry port can have a clear positive overall impact on the safety and security of the case supply chain.
Collisions are one of the major accidents in the shipping industry, causing significant losses. In this work, a framework of marine collision risk identification strategy was developed to quantitatively analyse collision risks and provide an easy and convenient way to monitor traffic flow in relevant waters to mitigate the chances of collision. The model was verified by using automatic identification system data obtained from Tianjin Port. When compared to previous research, the proposed model can identify risks earlier and give people more time to analyse and take action. The results indicate that it also can provide a visual display to alert relevant personnel. The model can be used as a reference to identify potential collision risks or as an information source for future research.
