Figure 4
Caspian Sea region oil and natural gas infrastructure Source: Caspian oil and gas in a world of plenty, Geopolitical Intelligence Services, https://bit.ly/2XQ0lZI.
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The Caspian region is one of the most important regions of the world with its rich hydrocarbon resources, which in turn draws attention from different countries. The purpose of this paper is to underscore the geopolitical importance of the Caspian basin and the impact of its energy resources on the energy security of non-regional countries. The rea...
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A geopolitical situation in the region, labelled ‘the Caucasus-Caspian Region’ remains unstable since the period of the ‘New Cold War’ entered into force. The region is predisposed toward bloody conflicts and regional war scenarios that still persist. A vivid example of the situation is the brief Russo-Georgia war of 2008, when Russian Armed Forces...
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... In recent years, the problem of geopolitics and international relations in the zone of the "greater Caspian region" has been of increasing interest from the world social science. The works on the geopolitical problems of the Caspian Sea are of particular interest, since they contain Western assessments and a Western approach to solving the problems existing here [20][21][22][23][24]. The specificity is also explained by the presence of problems related both to the ongoing globalization processes in the world, and to the existing "old problems" in the development of democratic institutions and issues of effective management of political processes. ...
... And at present, the Caspian region is a kind of" gateway " of Russia to Asia. In turn, the Asian part of Russia can act as certain "entry points" for capital, technologies, services and labor from the dynamically developing East [21][22][23]. And one of these points is the Caspian region, which we consider as the axial region of Eurasia, not because it is practically in the center of this continent, but because many historical, cultural and political processes often revolved around it. ...
In modern international relations, the emphasis of dominance is beginning to shift more and more from the Western part of the political map of the world to the East. Countries that were previously in colonial dependence on the West (China, India) are beginning to challenge international leadership. Against this background, at the beginning of the XXI century, the concept of Greater Eurasia began to take shape and gradually develop, as a desire to acquire subjectivity and an attempt to establish a new hierarchy of geopolitical leadership. Geopolitical geometry plays an important role in the analysis of these processes, which delineates the Eurasian space in accordance with the currently available geopolitical strategies of the leading world powers. And in this geometry, the Caspian region is increasingly emerging, to which the properties of the axial region of Eurasia are increasingly being attributed. The axial region means a certain space that has an increased degree of attraction (economic, cultural, political), which determines the course of history and politics. As the political history of Eurasia shows, most often significant events and vast empires (Persia, Horde, Russia, etc.) arose precisely in the area of the so-called "Caspian Gate" connecting the expanses of Europe and Asia. This work analyzes the concept of Greater Eurasia through the prism of its geopolitical assessment and the role played in its development by its axial region – the Greater Caspian region.
... After that, however, Heydar Aliyev refused the Moscow-led mediation in the Karabakh conflict, as well as the prevalently Russian peacekeeping forces, and set up the mediations in the frame of the CSCE Minsk Group (Kopeček, 2010). Moreover, despite the pressure coming from Russia and Iran, as well as the strong opposition of Surat Huseynov, President Heydar Aliyev managed the realization of the "Contract of the Century" in September 1994 with the participation of 11 major foreign oil companies (BP, Amoco, Unocal, LUKoil, Statoil, Exxon, TPAO, Pennzoil, McDermott; Ramco; Delta Nimir) representing six countries (UK, USA, Russia, Norway, Turkey and Saudi Arabia) and Western states gained an opportunity to participate in the oil and gas production of the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea (Mammadzada, Iskandarov, Gasanov, 2020). On October 4, 1994, another revolt was initiated by Surat Huseynov against President Heydar Aliyev. ...
Early identification of the most recent hybrid threats (incident at Keshikchidag, the escalation in the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan, in July 2020, etc.) in the South Caucasus, enabled the nations to sidestep the repercussions of the provocation, most probably initiated by the external actors. This is the primary reason why the authors developed this paper. The importance of early identification in fighting against hybrid threats has been highlighted in the paper. The authors elaborated on the examples occured in the South Caucasus countries, as well as beyond the region. The challenges of identifying hybrid threats ahve been specified. The scenarios have been presented regarding the hybrid aggressors and hybrid threats in the South Caucasus region.
The restoration of historical transport routes and the creation of new ones is a strategic objective of most states in modern times. Located at the intersection of the North-South and East-West transport routes, Azerbaijan is currently recognised as an important transport and logistics hub. Successful cooperation with European Union countries in this field is taking place. The East-West and North-South international transport routes passing through the territory of Azerbaijan are very convenient for cargo transportation in terms of distance and duration. This paper discusses the plausibility of the Zangezur corridor being used (which is mentioned in the tripartite agreement that dates back to 10 November 2020) and highlights its importance as an integral element of the global transit route. A comparative analysis of different transit routes was carried out, and the advantages of opening this corridor for all stakeholders was justified.
The article discusses the future impact of artificial intelligence and autonomous weapons systems on international security. According to the level of opportunities and capabilities in the development of these weapons systems, as well as scientific research in the field of artificial intelligence, the top five leading countries have been identified and briefly analyzed.
