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Terraced apartments as a typology of the buildings are new approaches to meet energy conservation targets. This principle in the form of interactive spaces contributes to an incorporation of interior and exterior, daylight addition and exploitation of natural ventilation. This study mainly investigates the natural ventilation exploitation of a terr...
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... resolution is following the AIJ standard that recommends the minimum grid resolution to be set about 1/10 of the building scale within the region including the evaluation points. According to AIJ and COST, the first evaluation point must be located at the third or higher grid from the ground surface ( Yoshie et al. 2007;Tominaga et al. 2005; Franke 2006; Franke et al. 2004) In this research grid sensitivity test was carried out with a different number of cells; a coarser grid and a finer one (see Table 3). The maximum size of the grids varies from 1.5 to 2 and the minimum size of the elements is between 0.05 and 0.1. ...Similar publications
A considerable amount of Greenhouse Gas Emission (GGE) takes place due to either heating or cooling of buildings. Retail spaces and offices along with adjoining public space, commonly a courtyard are among the most energy-intensive building typologies. Their design without proper consideration of insulation, ventilation and other variables can lead...
Citations
... Therefore, it is necessary to apply airflow modelling to analyse performance related to the surrounding environment in the early stages of high-rise design. For example, Saadatjoo et al. [88] used building geometries and CFD to model the natural ventilation of a terraced apartment in a hot and humid region. Their study focused on wind velocity and mean age of air distribution as critical indicators of airflow performance [88]. ...
... For example, Saadatjoo et al. [88] used building geometries and CFD to model the natural ventilation of a terraced apartment in a hot and humid region. Their study focused on wind velocity and mean age of air distribution as critical indicators of airflow performance [88]. ...
Sustainable design is no longer an emerging debate. Data-driven urban and architectural design faces several potential threats related to airflow modelling, including extreme wind environments, pollutant emissions, and the potential for new wind energy in design. Designers require advanced design tools to address these airflow modelling challenges. Still, it is difficult for designers to implement and utilise airflow models fully, and not all data-driven approaches are accessible to designers in traditional design workflow systems. This review systematically analyses the frontiers of airflow modelling in urban and architectural building design from the de-signer's perspective. It briefly summarises the advantages and disadvantages of airflow modelling based on the parametric design's white-box, black-box, and grey-box approaches. This review explores the challenges of wind environments and their analytical responses by screening design research articles at three scales. It summarises the eight main existing research directions. The article discusses the findings of designers at each scale, revealing significant areas of interest and continuing focus, such as the reduction of pollutant emissions and the interaction of new wind energy generation in design. This study concludes with three responses to possible challenges: improved resolution for design research loop, unification of information entropy in design and research, and airflow modelling tool-accessibility in the overall design ethos and education mindset; and provides illustrative vignettes of possible demos for the future development of airflow models' accessibility; and offers a vision of how designers better produce data-accessible design logic and fulfil their role in future sustainable design.
... There are two reasons why so much emphasis is placed on the role of mediation in various systems: first, the primary function of making laws is to settle disputes, which coincides with the purpose of mediation, and even the difference between the role of law and the latter is only whether it has a coercive force. Secondly, as a means to resolve disputes, mediation has the advantages of short cycle, low cost, high efficiency and flexible handling methods [10]. Especially in the context of the digital era, data infringement problems and other types of disputes are frequent, which shows its vital role, and can reduce the cost of dispute resolution to the greatest extent. ...
Dunhuang patterns are an important component of Dunhuang grotto art. Dunhuang patterns are decorated on murals, statues, grotto bodies, and wooden eaves, with exquisite craftsmanship, rich shapes, huge scale, unique layout, and precious artistic value. The character shapes, line sketches, and coloring of Dunhuang patterns express people's desire for beauty and goodness. Through analysis and research on the inheritance and evolution of artistic styles in different periods of Dunhuang patterns, the use of sustainable design concepts for creative transformation and innovative design not only enhances the influence and appeal of excellent traditional Chinese culture represented by Dunhuang culture, but also reveals the cultural spirit contained in Dunhuang patterns. This article explores the application of Dunhuang pattern elements in sustainable design.
... CFD represents a widely embraced simulation method in high-rise wind-driven research [49], earning extensive recognition and adoption among designers [50]. Saadatjoo et al. [51] employed building geometries and CFD to simulate the natural ventilation of terraced apartments in hot and humid regions. Their study specifically focused on wind velocity and the mean age of air distribution as pivotal indicators of airflow performance [51]. ...
... Saadatjoo et al. [51] employed building geometries and CFD to simulate the natural ventilation of terraced apartments in hot and humid regions. Their study specifically focused on wind velocity and the mean age of air distribution as pivotal indicators of airflow performance [51]. Similarly, Wang and Malkawi investigated the natural ventilation of high-rise towers in Boston, utilizing GIS geometries and ANSYS Fluent CFD. ...
... Natural ventilation as one of the fundamental factors in the spatial organization of post-pandemic buildings is under the influence of numerous parameters such as typology (Hariri et al., 2016), building allocation, general form, envelope (Najaf Khosravi & Mahdavi, 2021), internal planning, and external supplements (Najaf . The introduction of atriums, courtyards, and terraces in solid buildings is usually considered an effective strategy to enhance wind-driven and stack ventilation in buildings (Tablada de la Torre et al., 2005;Mohammed et al., 2020;Saadatjoo et al., 2018;Saadatjoo et al., 2019). The aspect ratio of courtyards (Saligheh & Saadatjoo, 2020), morphological configurations as well as their connectivity to the surrounding environment significantly affect their performance (Rose et al., 2011;Ok et al., 2008). ...
... Saadatjoo and colleagues studied terraced buildings with different porosity ratios (20% to 50%) and demonstrated that increasing the number of terraces and porosity ratio has an impact on NVP (Saadatjoo et al., 2021). In another study, the cases with terrace depth of 1.2 m showed better natural ventilation performance compared to terraces with depth of 1.5 and 1.8 meters (Saadatjoo et al., 2018). ...
... This research also conformed the assertion of former investigations regarding the positive role of terrace link to surroundings on ventilation performance (Ok et al., 2008). In addition, this study proved the influence of number and dimension of semi-outdoor spaces on internal flow pattern and ventilation performance that is in accordance with the achievements of previous studies (Hirano et al., 2006;Saadatjoo et al., 2021;Saadatjoo et al., 2018;Izadyar et al., 2020). While the current study proved the positive effect of terrace width on interior and semi-outdoor velocity, Izadyar and his colleagues focused on balcony depth and demonstrated that the balconies with 35 and 30% depth ratio have the highest Indoor Air Velocity (Izadyar et al., 2020). ...
COVID-19 has laid a context for holistic research and practical approaches towards health issues in buildings. This study focuses on one particular residential building type, which is a combination of a modern apartment building with private double-oriented terraces, and a traditional courtyard building. This principle improves several aspects of healthy buildings and contributes to address indoor-outdoor interactions, daylighting, and the use of natural ventilation. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors underlying a particular type of semi-outdoor space within building forms and to explain their microclimatic behavior in buildings. One solid model and twelve porous apartment buildings with different numbers of porous sides, and terrace widths are evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. The k-ε turbulence model is adapted to simulate airflow in and around a four-story building. CFD simulations were validated against the wind-tunnel measurements. Investigations indicated that increasing the number of porous sides reduces the internal mean and maximum ages of air by -15.75 and -36.84%, which means improved ventilation performance. However, it leaves a negative trace on ventilation of the semi-outdoor spaces. Meanwhile, increasing the width of the terraces enhances the ventilation performance by reducing the mean age of air in units, courtyards, and terraces by -20%, -20%, and -9%, respectively.
... Compared to the solid model, porous models demonstrated an average wind velocity at the opening that was 1.54-1.64 times larger with the lowest mean age of air (Saadatjoo et al., 2018). Moreover, various opening patterns were investigated in the natural ventilation of a traditional neighbourhood. ...
Incorrect implementation of window parameters, such as configuration, position, and size, cause an unpleasant indoor environment. The authors reviewed window performance in a hot and humid climate in this paper. Articles were screened in detail to determine eligibility, compiled, and organised according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) requirements. The articles included in this review concerned natural ventilation and window performance in a hot and humid climate. Keywords or topics were reviewed and focused on indoor environment comfort. The results demonstrated that sliding windows were unfavourable openings that were nevertheless in demand. This review was performed to guide consumers, designers, and the market of the built environment industry.
... Figure 7 (Appendix I) illustrates the algorithm used for skin energy analysis with each geometry. The results support the related literature [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] strongly, which shows the validity and reliability of the research. Figure 8 illustrates the skin with the first geometry, and the graph of its energy loads in each section is shown in Figure 9. Figure 10 also shows the skin energy loads diagram individually with the first geometry. ...
The construction sector accounts for a large portion of the world's energy consumption; in Iran, it’s more than 40% of energy consumption. Office buildings have a relatively unfavorable energy consumption pattern due to impersonal ownership and lack of supervision and needs improvement. The aim of this research is to achieve the most optimal skin porosity geometry in terms of energy for a dynamic double-skin façade. Since this idea is intended to be used in Mashhad, which is one of the religious centers of Iran, so to create this feeling in users, the geometry used for its dynamic second skin porosity is inspired by Islamic patterns of tiles and decorations of the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS). By analyzing the energy performance of 5 selected geometries with Ladybug and Honeybee plugins, the most optimal one will be determined. Daylight is one of the most influential parameters in the design of energyefficient buildings. To make the most of this parameter, it is necessary to create facades with maximum transparency. But these facades face challenges such as overheating. Therefore, it’s important to control the amount of daylight entering. In this research, an optimal geometry for a dynamic double skin façade porosity intended to be used for office buildings in Mashhad is presented, although the energy analysis results of all 5 geometries are very close to each other. This means that the porosity geometry does not have much effect on the optimization of energy consumption.
... Natural ventilation (NV), which uses the natural forces of wind and buoyancy to intake and exhaust the air in indoor spaces, has considerable potential to reduce energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions while also providing acceptable indoor environmental quality [1,2]. However, natural ventilation is limited by a variety of factors, including building design [3][4][5][6], geographic location [7,8], occupant behavior [9,10], biological issues [11][12][13], meteorological conditions [14][15][16][17][18], and ambient air quality [19,20]. In particular, severe air pollution is a major impediment to development and human health in China [21][22][23][24]. ...
Air pollution and unsuitable climatic conditions both limit the application of natural ventilation (NV). The combined effects of climate change and air pollution on NV's potential are unknown, particularly in China, where the atmospheric environment has improved greatly since 2014, but temperatures have increased with global warming. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of coupled changes in environmental governance and climate change on the potential for NV in China from 2014 to 2019 and identify critical factors limiting NV use. Four NV scenarios were investigated pertaining to temperature, humidity, wind speed, and six atmospheric pollutants. NV potential decreased when only climatic parameters was considered, but increased when pollutant limitations were considered from 2014 to 2019. The cold region lost the most NV hours (54.9%) while the mild region lost the fewest hours (20.3%). Natural ventilation worked best during summer and worst in winter. Shenzhen, Kunming, Fuzhou, and Haikou showed the highest NV potential in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The average proportion of the NV hours lost in the 74 cities was 46.7% due to air pollution in 2019, while the proportion was 71.1% in 2014. The main factors that limited NV hours were PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 pollution. While the air pollution limits on the NV hours were reduced substantially in 2019 when compared with those in 2014, the air pollution levels in China remain high, and further improvements in the air quality are still required, particularly in the cold region.
... The natural ventilation performance of the building is remarkably improved by the application of permeability in the form of terraces. On the other hand, they showed that the major influence on natural ventilation performance comes from the depth of the terrace [8]. A significant degradation of the operating temperature of the house between 2℃ and 3℃ resulting from night ventilation [9]. ...
Building aeration ventilation may contribute to achieve thermal comfort there by economizing huge amount of electricity that would be supplied using conventional air conditioning systems. Natural ventilation maintains thermal equilibrium between heating and cooling balances. They may also be used in conjunction with other systems in certain circumstances. Model governing equation of physical phenomena enabling description the thermo-aeraulic behaviour. Based on the measurements in winter and summer periods of several physical parameters like the wind velocity and the ambient temperature, the influence of infiltration rate on the thermal comfort were demonstrated. The present study is the simulation investigation the evolution of internal multi-zone temperature of Saharan building in Ghardaïa (32°38 N, 3°78 E), Algeria. Building construction process should take advantage of many practices characterizing location traditional construction. Specifically, satisfaction of seasonal thermal comfort requirement (heating, cooling) and favour maximum solar passive gains. The results showed that the major factor for the reduction of the internal temperature of the studied building is the natural ventilation including the thermal comfort range (20-27)℃.
... La velocidad del aire interior es otra variable considerada al evaluar la ventilación natural, el aumento del movimiento del aire tiene el potencial de cambiar la aceptabilidad térmica a valores de temperatura operativa más altos (Saadatjoo, Mahdavinejad y Zhang, 2018). Para analizar esta variable se obtuvieron contornos de velocidad en el plano medio del modelo. ...
In recent years, energy consumption from electrical devices to foster air movement in regions with warm climates has risen, with the resulting negative impact on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a solar chimney used to induce natural ventilation in a closed space, under the weather conditions of the hot humid Mexican climate. For this purpose, CFD simulations were run using the RNG k- ɛ turbulence model and the DO radiation model, considering only natural convection phenomena. The solar chimney performance was evaluated, comparing the results of the simulations with experimental measurements, analysis which showed a good match. Temperatures of up to 46.5%°C in the air within the chimney, and of 77.1°C on the absorption plate, were obtained, results that allow verifying the influence of the heat discharge phenomenon by the natural flotation of air in the chimney.
... La velocidad del aire interior es otra variable considerada al evaluar la ventilación natural, el aumento del movimiento del aire tiene el potencial de cambiar la aceptabilidad térmica a valores de temperatura operativa más altos (Saadatjoo, Mahdavinejad y Zhang, 2018). Para analizar esta variable se obtuvieron contornos de velocidad en el plano medio del modelo. ...
In recent years, energy consumption from electrical devices to foster air movement in regions with warm climates has risen, with the resulting negative impact on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a solar chimney used to induce natural ventilation in a closed space, under the weather conditions of the hot humid Mexican climate. For this purpose, CFD simulations were run using the RNG k- e turbulence model and the DO radiation model, considering only natural convection phenomena. The solar chimney performance was evaluated, comparing the results of the simulations with experimental measurements, analysis which showed a good match. Temperatures of up to 46.5%°C in the air within the chimney, and of 77.1°C on the absorption plate, were obtained, results that allow verifying the influence of the heat discharge phenomenon by the natural flotation of air in the chimney.
