Figure 2 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The current trend of using plastic material in the manufacturing of packaging products raises serious environmental concerns due to waste disposal on land and in oceans and other environmental pollution. Natural polymers such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, and protein extracted from renewable resources are extensively explored as alternatives to p...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... whey proteins are the aggregate of soluble globular proteins in serum albumin [46]. The casein proteins contain four forms of protein, namely, α s1 , α s2 , β, and κ casein (Figure 2) [47]. The whey and casein proteins are polymerized from milk by acidification and heat treatment processes and are separated by micro-and ultra-filtration techniques [48,49]. ...
Similar publications
To fulfil the demand for eco-friendly nanomaterials, electrospinning offers a viable method for creating sustainable nanofibers. This mini review focuses on environmentally friendly and sustainability aspect of nanofibers produced via electrospinning. It examines difficulties and possibilities in ecologically friendly electrospinning, such as selec...
Traditional rice seed coating agents (TRSCA) contain toxic components that pollute the environment and threaten human health. The use of safe, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly seed coating agents is vital for environmental protection. We studied the production of a new, environmentally friendly rice seed coating agent and its mechanism...
Among nanocomposite materials, multifunctional polymer nanocomposites have prompted important innovations in the field of sensing technology. Polymer-based nanocomposites have been successfully utilized to design high-tech sensors. Thus, conductive, thermoplast, or elastomeric, as well as natural polymers have been applied. Carbon nanoparticles as...
Natural polymers are attractive sustainable materials for production of fibers and composite materials. Cotton and flux are traditional plants used to produce textiles with comforting properties while technologies like Viscose, Lyocell and Ioncell-F allowed to extent fiber use into regenerated cellulose from wood. Neither natural nor man-made fiber...
The increasing concern for ecological preservation has prompted the development of new and innovative green materials that produce minimal environmental pollution. In this context, natural polymers have gained significant attention in recent times. Sugarcane Bagasse fibre, in particular, has undergone several chemical modifications, which have grea...
Citations
... The use of natural polymers presents significant appeal due to their ease of acquisition and relative avoidance of toxicity issues. 50 Among these, chitosan stands out as a linear polysaccharide family composed of varying amounts of (β1→4)linked residues of N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (glucosamine, GlcN), and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetyl-glucosamine, GlcNAc) residues. 51 Chitosan exhibits solubility in aqueous acidic media through primary amine protonation and is the sole natural polycation, with its charge density, governed by the degree of acetylation and pH of the medium. ...
Nanoparticle systems integrating alginate and chitosan emerge as a promising avenue to tackle challenges in leveraging the potency of pharmacological active agents. Owing to their intrinsic properties as polysaccharides, alginate and chitosan, exhibit remarkable biocompatibility, rendering them conducive to bodily integration. By downsizing drug particles to the nano-scale, the system enhances drug solubility in aqueous environments by augmenting surface area. Additionally, the system orchestrates extended drug release kinetics, aligning well with the exigencies of chronic drug release requisite for antibacterial therapeutics. A thorough scrutiny of existing literature underscores a wealth of evidence supporting the utilization of the alginate-chitosan nanoparticle system for antibacterial agent delivery. Literature reviews present abundant evidence of the utilization of nanoparticle systems based on a combination of alginate and chitosan for antibacterial agent delivery. Various experiments demonstrate enhanced antibacterial efficacy, including an increase in the inhibitory zone diameter, improvement in the minimum inhibitory concentration, and an enhancement in the bacterial reduction rate. This enhancement in efficacy occurs due to mechanisms involving increased solubility resulting from particle size reduction, prolonged release effects, and enhanced selectivity towards bacterial cell walls, stemming from ionic interactions between positively charged particles and teichoic acid on bacterial cell walls. However, clinical studies remain limited, and there are currently no marketed antibacterial drugs utilizing this system. Hence, expediting clinical efficacy validation is crucial to maximize its benefits promptly.
... Having said that, not all these materials are eco-friendly, and even worse, the use of many of them generates extreme pollution on earth and sea because they have no second use (Alabi et al., 2019) (Chen et al., 2021) (Ponnusamy & Mani, 2022). ...
Due to their effectiveness in food preservation, Tetra Pak®is widely used around the world. Unfortunately, only a small part of these is recycled, making it a highly polluting material. The objective of this work lies on using waste Tetra Pak® beverage containers as reinforcement in polymeric concrete manufactured with 20% polyester resin and 80% marble. Three sizes of Tetra Pak® particles were used, small (1x0.5 mm); medium (3x3 mm) and large (5x5 mm), which replaced 1% of marble´s concentration. Concretes were evaluated in both compression and flexural tests. Results show improvements in the elastic modulus, in the flexural resistance and in the strain at yield point, 39%, 5% and 5%, respectively. This work shows a novel and successful alternative for reusing Tetra Pak® packages aiming to reduce its environmental impact.
... Having said that, not all these materials are eco-friendly, and even worse, the use of many of them generates extreme pollution on earth and sea because they have no second use (Alabi et al., 2019) (Chen et al., 2021) (Ponnusamy & Mani, 2022). ...
Due to their effectiveness in food preservation, Tetra Pak®is widely used around the world. Unfortunately, only a small part of these is recycled, making it a highly polluting material. The objective of this work lies on using waste Tetra Pak® beverage containers as reinforcement in polymeric concrete manufactured with 20% polyester resin and 80% marble. Three sizes of Tetra Pak® particles were used, small (1x0.5 mm); medium (3x3 mm) and large (5x5 mm), which replaced 1% of marble´s concentration. Concretes were evaluated in both compression and flexural tests. Results show improvements in the elastic modulus, in the flexural resistance and in the strain at yield point, 39%, 5% and 5%, respectively. This work shows a novel and successful alternative for reusing Tetra Pak® packages aiming to reduce its environmental impact.
... Having said that, not all these materials are eco-friendly, and even worse, the use of many of them generates extreme pollution on earth and sea because they have no second use (Alabi et al., 2019) (Chen et al., 2021) (Ponnusamy & Mani, 2022). ...
Tetra Pak® containers are widely used, due to their effectiveness in food preservation. Unfortunately, only a small part of these is recycled, making it a highly polluting material. In this work waste Tetra Pak® particles were used in polymeric concrete manufactured with 20% polyester resin and 80% marble. Three sizes of Tetra Pak® particles were used, small (1x0.5 mm); medium (3x3 mm) and large (5x5 mm), which replaced 1% of marble´s concentration. Concretes were evaluated in both compression and flexural tests. Results show improvements in the elastic modulus, in the flexural resistance and in the strain at yield point, 39%, 5% and 5%, respectively. This work shows a novel and successful alternative for reusing Tetra Pak® packages in order to reduce its environmental impact.
... As with other packaging, these materials must protect the food's integrity and quality. Although edible films are not expected to replace all conventional packaging, they can significantly reduce the use of petroleum-based plastics, decrease food losses, and reduce environmental pollution over long periods [28]. ...
Natural and synthetic polymers are a versatile platform for developing biomaterials in the biomedical and environmental fields. Natural polymers are organic compounds that are found in nature. The most common natural polymers include polysaccharides, such as alginate, hyaluronic acid, and starch, proteins, e.g., collagen, silk, and fibrin, and bacterial polyesters. Natural polymers have already been applied in numerous sectors, such as carriers for drug delivery, tissue engineering, stem cell morphogenesis, wound healing, regenerative medicine, food packaging, etc. Various synthetic polymers, including poly(lactic acid), poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyethylene glycol, etc., are biocompatible and biodegradable; therefore, they are studied and applied in controlled drug release systems, nano-carriers, tissue engineering, dispersion of bacterial biofilms, gene delivery systems, bio-ink in 3D-printing, textiles in medicine, agriculture, heavy metals removal, and food packaging. In the following review, recent advancements in polymer chemistry, which enable the imparting of specific biomedical functions of polymers, will be discussed in detail, including antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. This work contains the authors' experimental contributions to biomedical and environmental polymer applications. This review is a vast overview of natural and synthetic polymers used in biomedical and environmental fields, polymer synthesis, and isolation methods, critically assessessing their advantages, limitations, and prospects.
... These inherent characteristics make these materials highly suitable for a broad spectrum of applications across various sectors. Notably, they have proven beneficial in fields such as medicine [10], food packaging [11,12], microelectronics [13,14], and other cutting-edge technologies like fuel cells [15][16][17]. In addition to the excellent inherent properties of natural polymer materials, they also possess the flexibility to be tailored and modified to provide added value, customizing them for specific applications. ...
Radiation chemistry presents a unique avenue for developing innovative polymeric materials with desirable properties, eliminating the need for chemical initiators, which can be potentially detrimental, especially in sensitive sectors like medicine. In this investigation, we employed a radiation-induced graft polymerization process with N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) to modify lignocellulosic membranes derived from Agave salmiana, commonly known as maguey. The membranes underwent thorough characterization employing diverse techniques, including contact angle measurement, degree of swelling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS 13C-NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and uniaxial tensile mechanical tests. The membranes’ ability to load and release an antimicrobial glycopeptide drug was assessed, revealing significant enhancements in both drug loading and sustained release. The grafting of PNVCL contributed to prolonged sustained release by decreasing the drug release rate at temperatures above the LCST. The release profiles were analyzed using the Higuchi, Peppas–Sahlin, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models, suggesting a Fickian transport mechanism as indicated by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model.
... Natural polymers specifically polysaccharides are typically eco-friendly, bio-degradable, abundantly accessible, economic and non-toxic [16,17,24,35]. Additionally, they have various functional groups including OH, COOH, C-O-C and NH 2 making them an appropriate choice for hybridization [36][37][38]. Lee et al. suggested that polysaccharides obtained from Ganoderma lucidum can stabilize the rGO-Fe 3 O 4 through hydrogen bonding [3]. They reported that the use of this polysaccharide significantly enhanced the dispersibility and stability of the prepared nanocomposite in both water and physiological fluid. ...
The main goal of this work was to introduce an effective method to promote the bio-applicability of graphene oxide (GO) especially in drug delivery systems. In this regard, carbohydrate-rich GO nanohybrids were firstly fabricated using various polysaccharides. The primary results indicated that the stability of GO nanosheets in various environments such as acidic, basic, saline and PBS solution was interestingly enhanced by hybridizing with XA. Afterward, the graphene oxide-xanthan gum-ceftriaxone (GO-XA-Cef) nanohybrid complex was fabricated through a hybridization procedure. A throughout characterization of the prepared materials were carried out with a combination of spectroscopic (FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD and Raman spectroscopy) and microscopic (TEM, AFM and FE-SEM-EDX-MAP) techniques. Then, they were assessed in terms of antibacterial activity and cell toxicity. The results of antibacterial assays demonstrated that the GO-XA-Cef nanohybrid exhibited strong inhibition and bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria at very low concentrations. The GO-XA-Cef nanocomplex exhibited acceptable cell viability up to 100 μg/mL concentration, indicating its suitable biosafety. Generally, the obtained results indicated that utilizing a carbohydrate polymer (XA) can be considered as a prosperous and efficient method to hybridize GO with incompatible materials such as antibiotics for drug delivery purposes.
... Plastics are now indispensable for our way of life due to their low cost, lightweight, durability, and corrosion-resistance attributes, allied with their electrical and thermal insulation properties [1]. However, conventional plastic products, primarily composed of non-biodegradable synthetic polymers derived from petroleum, have raised significant environmental concerns given the challenges of waste management on land and in the ocean [2]. The development of biodegradable polymers (biopolymers) has been increasing in recent years as a viable solution to address these adverse environmental impacts [3]. ...
This work aimed to study the effect of the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GRA 0.5% and 1% (w/w)) on the matrices of biobased polymers composed of starch-based materials (B20) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) using pine rosin (RES) as a compatibilizer. Three formulations were produced (B20/RES/PBS, B20/RES/PBS/GRA0.5%, and B20/RES/PBS/GRA1%), and their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact), rheological behavior, thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), chemical analysis (Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy), and contact angle were evaluated. Hardness (Shore D), tensile, and flexural moduli increased, whereas elongation at break and toughness decreased as GRA content increased. FTIR studies strongly supported the existence of interactions between polymeric matrices and the large surface area of GRA. The viscosity flow curves were well fitted to the Cross-Williams-Landel-Ferry (Cross-WLF) model, and the three formulations exhibited non-Newtonian (shear-thinning) behavior. The analysis of water contact angles indicated that the formulation surfaces have hydrophilic behavior. All the samples are thermally stable, and the results of this study can be used to optimize the application of biobased graphene-based composites for applications in injection molding industries.
... This approach helps address environmental concerns and promotes sustainability. (Ponnusamy and Mani, 2022) ...
... Varieties of naturally occurring polymers derived from sustainable sources for use in packaging purposes.(Ponnusamy and Mani, 2022) ...
Bir Süt Fabrikasının Risk Değerlendirmesi
... Synthetic products are clean and more resistant to decay or contamination. In addition, various analyses indicate that the production costs of biopolymers are high [21], as is the production of easily degradable bioplastics [22]. Therefore, synthetic polymers are used much more frequently by cosmetics manufacturers. ...
... Few European countries have imposed restrictions. The European Chemicals Agency, at the end of 2022, plans to introduce EU regulations restricting the intentional addition of microplastics, which will certainly change the Polish cosmetics market, and manufacturers will face new challenges [21]. ...
Microplastics have been widely used in cosmetics and, among other things, very often as an abrasive component in peelings. This type of additive is not the main cause of environmental microplastic contamination, but it can pose a significant threat to the environment and to people. Manufacturers are increasingly taking the decision to withdraw microplastics from cosmetics, replacing them with alternatives, and this is also happening because of legal requirements. The European Chemicals Agency, in 2019, presented a proposal to limit the use of polymer plastics in cosmetic products due to the fact that they may be a potential source of primary microplastics. The final form of the EU regulation is planned for the years 2023-2024. The aim of this study was to analyze the compositions of widely available rinse-off abrasive cosmetics from Polish manufacturers and to identify the most common natural raw materials replacing microplastics. Fifty randomly selected rinse-off products were analyzed for abrasive ingredients in INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) formulations. Among the tested cosmetics, 13 contained microplastics and 49 contained natural abrasive particles, and polyethylene did not appear in any product. The most common vegetable raw material substitute for microplastics was sugar, and sodium chloride was the most common mineral substitute. Compared to previous years, there has been an improvement in the Polish cosmetics market, where manufacturers are increasingly opting for plant-based substitutes for microplastics, but relevant legal regulation is still needed.
