Case 5 medial collateral ligament (MCL) bursa distension. (A) Longitudinal coronal view of the bursa (corner arrow) between the superficial portion (arrow) and the torn deep portion (meniscofemoral ligament) (thin arrow) of the MCL. Meniscus (arrowhead). (B) Medial transverse view of the bursa. (C) Compared with the unaffected left knee, the right affected MCL (superficial and deep portions) (left panel) is much thicker and more hypoechoic (arrow) than the unaffected MCL (right panel). (D) The tear (thin arrow) of the proximal deep portion of the MCL (meniscofemoral ligament) reached the deep edge of the superficial portion. It divided the bursa into proximal and distal parts (corner arrows). 

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... four patients between ages 58 and 75 years showed no signs of sprain or tear of the MCL. However, the young patient with medial knee injury displayed a hypoechoic texture and remarkable thickening of the proximal MCL compared with the contralateral knee, implying ligament sprain ( Figure 8C). The meniscofemoral ligament of the deep portion of the MCL had an obvious tear which reached the deep edge of the superficial portion of the MCL, dividing the fluid collection into proximal and distal parts ( Figures 8A, 8D). ...

Context 2

... the young patient with medial knee injury displayed a hypoechoic texture and remarkable thickening of the proximal MCL compared with the contralateral knee, implying ligament sprain ( Figure 8C). The meniscofemoral ligament of the deep portion of the MCL had an obvious tear which reached the deep edge of the superficial portion of the MCL, dividing the fluid collection into proximal and distal parts ( Figures 8A, 8D). Only one patient also had a Baker cyst in the popliteal fossa. ...

Context 3

... effusion was identified in all of the knees examined from the five patients. All scanned knees of the three patients older than 70 years displayed medial menis- cal extrusion, the overlying superficial portion of the MCL bowing, and the joint narrowing. Prominent osteophytic spurs from both the femur and the tibia at the medial aspect of the joint could be seen ( Figures 3A, 3B, 3C). All five cases had fluid collection between the superficial por- tion and the deep portions of the MCL (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B). Two of them had fluid collection inferior to the joint and adjacent to the tibia (Figures 4, 5), two of them had fluid collection superior to the joint and adjacent to the femur (Figures 6, 8A, 8B), and one of them had fluid col- lection spanning the joint from superior to inferior and adjacent to the femur and the tibia (Figure 7). The fluid collection in all of the cases had distinct and smooth bor- ders. No meniscal tears, in the middle third, were identified in any of the five patients. The four patients between ages 58 and 75 years showed no signs of sprain or tear of the MCL. However, the young patient with medial knee injury displayed a hypoechoic texture and remarkable thickening of the proximal MCL compared with the contralateral knee, implying ligament sprain ( Figure 8C). The menisco- femoral ligament of the deep portion of the MCL had an obvious tear which reached the deep edge of the superficial portion of the MCL, dividing the fluid collection into prox- imal and distal parts ( Figures 8A, 8D). Only one patient also had a Baker cyst in the popliteal fossa. Table 2 sum- marizes the sonographic findings of the five patients. ...

Context 4

... effusion was identified in all of the knees examined from the five patients. All scanned knees of the three patients older than 70 years displayed medial menis- cal extrusion, the overlying superficial portion of the MCL bowing, and the joint narrowing. Prominent osteophytic spurs from both the femur and the tibia at the medial aspect of the joint could be seen ( Figures 3A, 3B, 3C). All five cases had fluid collection between the superficial por- tion and the deep portions of the MCL (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B). Two of them had fluid collection inferior to the joint and adjacent to the tibia (Figures 4, 5), two of them had fluid collection superior to the joint and adjacent to the femur (Figures 6, 8A, 8B), and one of them had fluid col- lection spanning the joint from superior to inferior and adjacent to the femur and the tibia (Figure 7). The fluid collection in all of the cases had distinct and smooth bor- ders. No meniscal tears, in the middle third, were identified in any of the five patients. The four patients between ages 58 and 75 years showed no signs of sprain or tear of the MCL. However, the young patient with medial knee injury displayed a hypoechoic texture and remarkable thickening of the proximal MCL compared with the contralateral knee, implying ligament sprain ( Figure 8C). The menisco- femoral ligament of the deep portion of the MCL had an obvious tear which reached the deep edge of the superficial portion of the MCL, dividing the fluid collection into prox- imal and distal parts ( Figures 8A, 8D). Only one patient also had a Baker cyst in the popliteal fossa. Table 2 sum- marizes the sonographic findings of the five patients. ...