FIGURE 1
Source publication
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and deproteinized calf serum on cartilage healing after the creation of traumatic cartilage injury in a rat model.
Materials and methods:
A total of 48 rats, each weighing an average of 350 g, were randomly separated into four groups of...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... anesthesia, arthrotomy was performed with a medial parapatellar approach to the knee joint. In the trochlea region of the femur, a 2-mm-wide and 3-mm-deep osteochondral defect was created in the right-side knee joint of each animal, using a 2-mm drill bit, as described by Meng et al. (Figure 1). [13] The knees of the rats in Group 1 (n=12) were injected with 1 mL saline alone. ...
Citations
... Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition characterized by significant pain resulting from the gradual deterioration of joint cartilage. [1,2] The incidence of OA has been rapidly increasing due to the aging population. Managing OA presents a formidable therapeutic challenge due to its intricate pathophysiology and limited effective treatments. ...
Objectives
The study aimed to compare the outcomes of single-dose cross-linked hyaluronic acid and the linear regimen of three doses of HA knee injections among patients with gonarthrosis.
Patients and methods
This single-center, retrospective study was conducted with 60 patients (47 females, 13 males; mean age: 57.9±4.29 years; range, 50 to 65 years) with Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 2 or 3 gonarthrosis between February 2020 and February 2022. Patients were either subjected to intra-articular cross-linked hyaluronic acid (n=30) or linear hyaluronic acid (n=30) injection treatments. Comprehensive assessments of the patients were conducted prior to the injections, as well as at three and six months after injection. The two injection groups were compared regarding the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Oxford Knee Score.
Results
Both injections showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline in both WOMAC and Oxford Knee Score at three and six months (p<0.001). There was no notable distinction in the alteration of WOMAC knee scores between the two injection types. However, a notable discrepancy was observed in the elevation of Oxford Knee Score among patients who received cross-linked knee injections compared to those who underwent linear hyaluronic acid knee injections, signifying a significant increase in the former group (p<0.001).
Conclusion
The advantage of a single-dose administration of cross-linked HA knee injections, as opposed to the three-dose regimen required for linear hyaluronic acid, translates into reduced time and cost for the injection process. Moreover, this approach minimizes injection-associated discomfort for patients due to the singular dose administration.
... [2] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 8 75 4 [23] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 7 48 4 [24] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 3 36 2 [25] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2022 3 146 2 [10] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2021 2 38 1 [9] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 2 75 1 [26] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2021 2 37 1 [27] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2022 0 31 0 [28] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2022 0 26 0 ...
... Biomedicines 2023, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 12 [21] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2021 10 34 5 [22] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 10 42 5 [2] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 8 75 4 [23] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 7 48 4 [24] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 3 36 2 [25] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2022 3 146 2 [10] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2021 2 38 1 [9] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2020 2 75 1 [26] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2021 2 37 1 [27] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2022 0 31 0 [28] "stroke" + "Actovegin" 2022 0 26 0 ...
... Actovegin ® is manufactured by Nycomed Austria GmbH, and it has been approved for use in several countries, including Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Russia, and some others [38], whereas AODEJIN is produced by Avanc Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinzhou, China. Actovegin ® has been used with various medical indications for over 60 years, including stroke or cartilage degeneration [28]. Our previous related article detailed its pleiotropic, multifactorial, and possibly multimodal actions [2]. ...
Background:
Stroke is a significant public health problem and a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Several treatments for ischemic stroke have been developed, but these treatments have limited effectiveness. One potential treatment for this condition is Actovegin®/AODEJIN, a calf blood deproteinized hemodialysate/ultrafiltrate that has been shown to have pleiotropic/multifactorial and possibly multimodal effects. The actual actions of this medicine are thought to be mediated by its ability to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and to enhance neuronal survival and plasticity.
Methods:
To obtain the most up-to-date information on the effects of Actovegin®/AODEJIN in ischemic stroke, we systematically reviewed the literature published in the last two years. This review builds upon our previous systematic literature review published in 2020, which used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to search for and select related articles over almost two decades, between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2019. Additionally, we compared the results of our PRISMA search (human intelligence-based) with those obtained from an interrogation of a GPT-based chatbot (ChatGPT) in order to ensure comprehensive coverage of potentially relevant studies.
Results:
Our updated review found limited new evidence on the use of Actovegin®/AODEJIN in ischemic stroke, although the number of articles on this subject consistently increased compared to that from our initial systematic literature review. Specifically, we found five articles up to 2020 and eight more until December 2022. While these studies suggest that Actovegin®/AODEJIN may have neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings. Consequently, we performed a funnel analysis to evaluate the potential for publication bias.
Discussion:
Our funnel analysis showed no evidence of publication bias, suggesting that the limited number of studies identified was not due to publication bias but rather due to a lack of research in this area. However, there are limitations when using ChatGPT, particularly in distinguishing between truth and falsehood and determining the appropriateness of interpolation. Nevertheless, AI can provide valuable support in conducting PRISMA-type systematic literature reviews, including meta-analyses.
Conclusions:
The limited number of studies identified in our review highlights the need for additional research in this area, especially as no available therapeutic agents are capable of curing central nervous system lesions. Any contribution, including that of Actovegin (with consideration of a positive balance between benefits and risks), is worthy of further study and periodic reappraisal. The evolving advancements in AI may play a role in the near future.
