Table 3
Source publication
Objective:
To analyze and report the type of relation present between dental caries and body mass index (BMI)-for-age among schoolchildren in Jazan region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Materials and methods:
A cross-sectional study with multi-staged random sampling technique was designed to recruit the sample of schoolchildren. Caries was examined...
Context in source publication
Similar publications
Good nutritional knowledge and behaviour among adolescents is important to avoid health problems that can continue into adulthood. This cross-sectional study aimed to provide baseline data on nutritional knowledge and eating habits of adolescents in Sharjah. Data were collected from 300 adolescents aged 9-13 years attending 4 private schools using...
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity has become a major public health issue today. The prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing in both adults and children. Childhood obesity in Thailand has more than doubled since the 1960s and a recent study reported that overweight and obesity in Thais is the 5th highest in Asia. The present study objective w...
Cooking conditions affect oil properties and consequently, the quality of the derived biodiesel. Nevertheless, little information regarding the impact of the cooking process on biodiesel properties is currently available, especially for palm biodiesel. Therefore, this study examined the effect of cooking temperature, time of use, and length of reus...
Objective: The aim of the current study was to identify and describe the meal and snack patterns (breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, mid-afternoon snack, dinner and evening snack) of public schoolchildren. Design: Cross-sectional study. Information on the previous day's food intake was obtained through the Web-CAAFE (Food Intake and Physical Acti...
Purpose:
The high burden of preschool overweight in the Middle East and North Africa highlights the need for rigorous investigations of its determinants. This study aims at identifying dietary patterns amongst preschoolers in Lebanon and assessing their association with overweight and obesity.
Methods:
A national cross-sectional survey was condu...
Citations
... Dental caries is strongly influenced by sugar intake from energy-rich foods and drinks, which also play an important role in the development of obesity. Despite the number of studies conducted on this topic (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the association between BMI and dental caries is still not clear (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Some studies demonstrated a positive association between BMI and dental caries (12-15), while others reported an inverse relationship (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) or no relationship (22)(23)(24). ...
... Despite the number of studies conducted on this topic (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the association between BMI and dental caries is still not clear (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Some studies demonstrated a positive association between BMI and dental caries (12-15), while others reported an inverse relationship (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) or no relationship (22)(23)(24). Findings from systematic reviews were also inconclusive (7,12,(24)(25)(26). ...
Background
Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Methods
This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13–19 years old from private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t -tests were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) by age, sex, school type, mothers’ employment, BMI categories, waist circumference, oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study.
Results
The average age of the participants was 16.2 ± 1.4 years old. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42% ( N = 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% ( N = 132) had average waist circumference and 18% ( N = 29) with above average waist circumference. Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), ( p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that, being a male, attending a public school and having average waist circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries ( p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents in the UAE. Further research is required to investigate the complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between obesity and dental caries.
... En síntesis en nuestra revisión encontramos que continúan las inconsistencias en los estudios respecto a la asociación entre obesidad y caries dental. Es mayor el número de estudios con resultados negativos (10,18,22,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) . El IMC más alto, la edad, el alto nivel socioeconómico, una mayor frecuencia de ingestas diarias, la falta de actividad física, la baja frecuencia de cepillado bucal y el consumo de bebidas azucaradas se identificaron como factores de riesgo significativos de caries en los estudios analizados en esta revisión. ...
... El IMC más alto, la edad, el alto nivel socioeconómico, una mayor frecuencia de ingestas diarias, la falta de actividad física, la baja frecuencia de cepillado bucal y el consumo de bebidas azucaradas se identificaron como factores de riesgo significativos de caries en los estudios analizados en esta revisión. Por otro lado autores como Cagetti MG (2021) (39) relatan asociación entre bajo peso y caries así como Quadri et al (2017) (40) describen a la caries dental como una variable independiente predecible para bajo peso. ...
Asociación entre obesidad y caries dental en niños y adolescentes. Revisión. Association between obesity and dental caries in children and adolescents. Review. Associação entre obesidade e cárie dentária em crianças e adelescentes. Revisão.
... Dental caries is strongly influenced by sugar intake from energy-rich foods and drinks, which also play an important role in the development of obesity. Despite the number of studies conducted on this topic (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the association between BMI and dental caries is still not clear (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Some studies demonstrated a positive association between BMI and dental caries (12-15), while others reported an inverse relationship (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) or no relationship (22)(23)(24). ...
... Despite the number of studies conducted on this topic (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the association between BMI and dental caries is still not clear (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Some studies demonstrated a positive association between BMI and dental caries (12-15), while others reported an inverse relationship (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) or no relationship (22)(23)(24). Findings from systematic reviews were also inconclusive (7,12,(24)(25)(26). ...
Background: Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing
worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable
influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between
obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Methods: This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13–19 years old from
private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight,
underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the
criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t-tests
were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS)
by age, sex, school type, mothers’ employment, BMI categories, waist circumference,
oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model
was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental
caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study.
Results: The average age of the participants was 16.2±1.4 years old. The prevalence of
overweight/obesity was 42% (N= 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% (N=132) had
average waist circumference and 18% (N= 29) with above average waist circumference.
Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries
rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), (p < 0.05). The linear regression
model revealed that being a male, attending a public school and having average waist
circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dentalcariesamongadolescentsintheUAE.Further research is required to investigate the
complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between
obesity and dental caries.
... Our findings contrast with a study by Habibullah et al. [8], who found that underweight children were at greater risk for caries than normal and overweight children in the Al Qassim region. Similarly, in another investigation in Jazan region, children with untreated caries were more likely to be from the low BMI category [15]. Similar results have been reported in Indonesia [16]. ...
Objective:
To determine caries prevalence and its association with body mass index in school children between 9-12 years of age in Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Material and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study included 524 school children 9-12 years of age. These children were selected from 9 Public schools in Hail Province. Dental caries was recorded as per criteria established by the World Health Organization using an assessment form for children in 2013. Children were weighed using an electronic scale nearest 0.1 kg with children attired in light clothing and wearing no shoes. The height was measured using a stadiometer to the nearest full centimeter with the children in a standing position. Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined using the formula BMI = kg/m 2.
Results:
Caries prevalence in the population was 86%. The comparisons of mean DMFT between the groups demonstrate higher scores in the overweight group (mean=2.43) compared to normal weight (mean=1.85) and underweight children (mean=1.56) which is statistically significant (p=0.000). Bonferroni Post hoc test to compare the underweight and overweight group (p=0.000) and overweight and normal weight (p=0.000) was highly significant. Conclusion: A positive correlation between caries severity, namely DMFT, with BMI is established.
... There was also no significant relationship between the DMFT index and age or gender; the DMFT value was only higher in girls in group I, and the difference was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Consistent with the present study, Quadri et al. (23) showed that the incidence of ECC was higher in girls than boys. However, in some studies, the incidence of ECC was higher in boys (15,19). ...
Background: Dental caries is one of the most common childhood problems, which is associated with other diseases, such as malnutrition. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of early childhood caries (ECC) treatment on the body mass index (BMI) of children, aged 3 - 6 years. Methods: In this longitudinal case-control study, 96 children, aged 3 - 6 years, were recruited and divided into three groups (n = 32 per group). A questionnaire was completed for each child, and the decayed, missing, and filled Teeth (dmft) index was measured via clinical examination, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Anthropometric measurements were performed in each group to assess BMI at baseline and after six months. The first two groups were diagnosed with ECC. For group I, a comprehensive dental treatment was performed under general anesthesia at baseline, while for group II, no treatment was applied during six months. Group III consisted of caries-free children. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05). Results: The mean and standard deviation of the dmft index were 7.09 ± 2.40, 5.19 ± 1.72, and zero in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The BMI changes after six months were 0.11 ± 0.42, 0.00 ± 0.39, and -0.04 ± 0.64 kg/m2 in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The mean BMI significantly changed in the three groups within six months (P = 0.034). In group I, the BMI changes were significantly greater than the other two groups (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Although a significant negative relationship was found between ECC and BMI, oral hygiene and nutritional behavior were the main confounding variables. Based on the findings, treatment of ECC had a significant positive effect on BMI; therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to identify and treat children at risk.
... Many studies conducted around the globe regarding the relationship between caries experience and obesity had revealed conflicting results, with some studies showing a direct relationship [9,10] and others claiming indirect or no relationships. [7,11,12] Interestingly, a systematic review conducted in 2012 has concluded that dental caries are associated with both high and low body mass index (BMI). [13] Studies reported in the literature, mainly assessed the relationship between obesity and dental caries among schoolchildren, with seemingly scanty information on the general population. ...
Objectives
This study aims to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries experience among the patients attending the outpatient department of Tagore Dental College, Chennai, India.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study with a convenient sampling technique was employed in the outpatient department of Tagore Dental College, Chennai, India. Obesity was recorded by measuring the BMI. Dental caries experience was recorded using the World Health Organization’s recommended “decayed missing and filled teeth (DMFT)” method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Student’s (unpaired) t -test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Dental caries prevalence was 81.9% with a mean DMFT score of 4.23 ± 3.56. Among the study participants, 69.4% were normal weight, 22.9% were overweight, and 6.8% were underweight. No significant association was found between gender with BMI and caries experience.
Conclusion
The prevalence of dental caries was high among the sampled population but the majority of the sampled population had normal BMI. To address public health concerns connected to dental caries, additional oral health prevention programs and policies should be implemented.
... Another systematic review done by Pasi et al. al [16] reported an inconsistent association between dental caries and BMI status. On the other hand, some research showed no association between BMI and dental caries [17][18][19]. Recently, a couple of authors reported from various parts of Saudi Arabia established an association between dental caries and dental caries [19][20][21][22][23]. Few researchers observed a positive relationship between dental caries and BMI [20,21], and some other studies found a negative association between BMI and dental caries [19,22], while a few other studies observed non-significant observations [6,17]. ...
... On the other hand, some research showed no association between BMI and dental caries [17][18][19]. Recently, a couple of authors reported from various parts of Saudi Arabia established an association between dental caries and dental caries [19][20][21][22][23]. Few researchers observed a positive relationship between dental caries and BMI [20,21], and some other studies found a negative association between BMI and dental caries [19,22], while a few other studies observed non-significant observations [6,17]. ...
... On the other hand, some research showed no association between BMI and dental caries [17][18][19]. Recently, a couple of authors reported from various parts of Saudi Arabia established an association between dental caries and dental caries [19][20][21][22][23]. Few researchers observed a positive relationship between dental caries and BMI [20,21], and some other studies found a negative association between BMI and dental caries [19,22], while a few other studies observed non-significant observations [6,17]. The majority of the studies focused on children from different parts of Saudi Arabia, while none of the researchers focused on Riyadh children of age 6-12 years. ...
This study aimed to identify the association between BMI and dental caries in 6–12-year-old children. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 6–12-year-old school children and their parents. The data on Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental caries for study participants were included in the study. The association between BMI and dental caries was evaluated using SPSS software. The study comprises 400 school children (157 boys and 243 girls) aged an average of 8.9 years. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 84% in primary dentition and 75% in permanent dentition, with a mean DMFT and dmft (decayed, missing and filled teeth) of 2.85 and 5.48, respectively. There was a significant association witnessed between mothers’ education and BMI status. A significant association was also evident between decayed (d), missing (m) and filled (f) teeth and overall dmft with different BMI categories (p < 0.05). There was no significant association evident between DMFT and each category of BMI (p > 0.05). The dmft and DMFT within the four BMI categories by one-way ANOVA were highly significant (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis helped us identify the relationship among the various categories of BMI with dental caries. There was a positive association evident between the BMI of the children and dental caries.
... Some studies adopted the recommended age-and gender-specific WHO growth references, expressed as z-scores and categorized into four subgroups: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese [36,37]. Several studies employed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and categorized subjects into four subgroups as well [38,39]. ...
Background
Obesity and dental caries among children and adolescents are growing worldwide public health problems. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou and explore the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) category and dental caries.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 105,181 students (55,500 males and 49,681 females) from 87 schools in Huizhou. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Based on Chinese BMI standards, students were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups. Dental caries was diagnosed according to criteria recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). We used the Chi-square test to compare proportions of groups and performed Association Rules Mining to identify patterns and combinations of BMI categories and dental caries. Finally, a multilevel logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI category and dental caries when confounders were considered.
Results
The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children and adolescents was 7.56%, 8.85%, and 2.95%, respectively. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 58.10%, with a lower prevalence among boys than girls. Students from primary schools and remote towns more easily suffer from dental caries. Caries prevalence of students belonged to underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity was 65.6%, 58.8%, 49.6%, and 46.1% individually. With increasing BMI levels, the prevalence of dental caries decreased. Further, this trend still exists in each subgroup of gender, educational stage, school type, and area. Association rules indicate underweight has a positive effect on the occurrence of dental caries, while overweight or obesity has a negative impact on the occurrence of dental caries. The three-level logistic regression model results show that BMI category is inversely associated with dental caries after adjusting confounders.
Conclusion
Obesity is negatively associated with dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou. Further research is required to investigate how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between BMI and dental caries.
... Overall, 77 articles were included in this review from 14 countries: Egypt (n = 4) [18][19][20][21], Iran (n = 18) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], Iraq (n = 2) [40,41], Jordan (n = 4) [42][43][44][45], Kuwait (n = 3) [46][47][48], Lebanon (n = 1) [49], Libya (n = 2) [50,51], Palestine (n = 2) [52,53], Qatar (n = 2) [54,55], Saudi Arabia (n = 14) [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], Syria (n = 4) [70][71][72][73], Turkey (n = 11) [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], UAE (n = 8) [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92], and Yemen (n = 2) [93,94]. No relevant published studies were found in Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Oman or Tunisia. ...
... Weight status was significantly associated with caries in nine studies, of which four studies reported positive associations between high BMI/overweight and caries [25,30,55,56] and two studies reported an inverse association between BMI and dental caries [47,59]. Two studies showed a positive association between low BMI/weight and caries [68,79], and one study reported that normal weight children had a lower caries prevalence than either over-or underweight children [64] (Table 2). Association: Positive ( +), negative (−) refers to this factor being either a statistically significant risk factor for caries (positive, +) or to this factor being statistically significant protective against caries (negative, −). ...
... Over half of the reviewed articles originated from Iran (18 studies) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], Saudi Arabia (14 studies) [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], Turkey (11 studies) [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], and the UAE (8 studies) [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92], with the vast majority being cross-sectional, presenting a snap shot of the regional prevalence of dental caries rather than the development over time. However, based on the available literature from Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, some dental caries patterns and/or trends could be observed. ...
Background
Dental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology, dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Methods
A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000 to 2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted.
Results
Out of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case–control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2% and 88.8%, early childhood caries between 3% and 57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6 and 8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar consumption were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies.
Conclusions
Dental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes.
... Penelitian tersebut juga memperlihatkan hasil bahwa 81% anak yang memiliki karies gigi yang tidak dirawat cenderung memiliki BMI rendah, tetapi secara statistik tidak terbukti adanya relasi positif antara BMI dan dft. 18 Hasil penelitian Quadri sejalan dengan hasil penelitian ini. Penelitian lain yang memperlihatkan hasil yang sama dengan penelitian ini adalah penelitian Sadeghi dan Alizadeh (2007) yang dilakukan pada anak-anak dengan berat badan normal, berat badan berlebih, dan obesitas. ...
Latar belakang: kondisi kesehatan umum anak dapat diketahui melalui pengukuran indeks masa tubuh atau body mass indeks (BMI). BMI dapat digunakan sebagai sarana penilaian malnutrisi dengan membandingkan berat badan dan tinggi badan anak menurut usia. BMI memiliki hubungan dengan kondisi kesehatan mulut anak yang ditandaidengan indeks OHI-S yang secara signifikan memiliki hubungan erat dengan indeks def-t. Tujuan: tujuan penelitianini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara BMI dan def-t anak usia sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Bandung. Metode:penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah228 siswa sekolah dasar berusia 5-9 tahun dengan ketentuan tidak memiliki sejarah penyakit sistemik. BMI ditentukan dengan mengukur berat badan dan tinggi badan anak disesuaikan dengan usia, sedangkan indeks karies ditentukan dengan menghitung def-t berdasarkan karakterisasi WHO. Hasil: BMI anak laki-laki adalah 14,47±1,96, BMI anak perempuan adalah 14,62±1,74 sedangkan rata-rata def-t adalah 8,84. Penghitungan korelasi dengan menggunakan Spearman rank didapat nilai p korelasi adalah 0,350 (p0,05), hal ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yangsignifikan antara def-t dengan BMI. Penghitungan korelasi Spearman rank untuk BMI dan def-t berdasarkan gendermemperlihatkan nilai p untuk anak laki-laki adalah 0,385 (p0,05) dan anak perempuan adalah 0,738 (p0,05),hal ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara BMI dan def-t baik pada anak laki-laki maupunperempuan. Kesimpulan: hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara BMI dan def-t baik pada anaklaki-laki maupun pada anak perempuan usia sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Bandung
