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Carbonea supersparsa on thal lus and apothecium of Lecanora sulphurea. Bar 500 μm Рис. 3. Carbonea supersparsa на слані й апотеціях Lecanora sulphurea. Шкала 500 мкм
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Carbonea (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) genus contains about 20 species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi. Four species among them are known in Ukraine: Carbonea assimilis (Körb.) Hafellner et Hertel, C. vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel, C. invadens (H. Magn.) M.P. Andreev, and C. vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel. We report about five taxa of Carbonea in Ukrain...
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Context 1
... Carbonea supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel in Mitt. bot. StSamml., Münch. 19: 442 (1983) (Fig. 3). Life form: lichenicolous fungus. Thallus: indistinct in thallus and apothecia of the host. Apothecia: aggregated in small groups on host areoles, adnate or immersed in the thallus of the host, black, round or angular, flat to slightly convex, slightly glossy or matt, 0.25-0.7 mm in diam. Margin prominent in young apothecia, but ...
Context 2
... Carbonea supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel in Mitt. bot. StSamml., Münch. 19: 442 (1983) (Fig. 3). Life form: lichenicolous fungus. Thallus: indistinct in thallus and apothecia of the host. Apothecia: aggregated in small groups on host areoles, adnate or immersed in the thallus of the host, black, round or angular, flat to slightly convex, slightly glossy or matt, 0.25-0.7 mm in diam. Margin prominent in young apothecia, but disappearing in old apothecia. Exciple: brown to darkbrown above in vertical section, N+ purple. Epi- hymenium: bluegreen, dark green (darkbrown with green tinge in lower part on thick section), about 7 mm high. Hymenium: colourless in lower part, olivegreen to blue green in upper part, about 40 μm high. Green pigment in hymenium and epihymenium N+ purplered. Hypothecium: colourless to yellowish, about 30 mm high. Hamatheci- um: paraphyses simple and conglutinated, 1-2 mm thick, apical cell swollen to 3.5 mm. Asci: clavate with tall apical dome and of the Lecanoratype, 30-40×15 mm, 8spored. Ascospores: colourless, simple, ellipsoid to ovoidfusiform with obtuse apices, 7-12×4-6 mm (see Fig. 1, C). Pycnidia: not seen in the Ukrainian ...
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Citations
... Hafellner & Hertel has an apothecial anatomy that is very similar to that of C. tephromelae, but, although initially lichenicolous, soon forms a well-developed autonomous thallus of brownish, bullate areoles (Hertel 1969;Szczepanska 2020). Further, although the reported ascospore dimensions for C. assimilis (e.g., Hertel 1969;Pirogov et al. 2014) show considerable overlap with that of C. tephromelae, the ascospores of the two species do differ noticeably in their shape. We examined nine specimens of C. assimilis, including two syntypes, and found that ascospores were on average longer and narrower in C. assimilis, with a clearly different length/breadth ratio: (8-)11.13 ...
Carbonea is a widely distributed genus of lecideoid fungi, including both lichenized and non-lichenized, often parasitic species. We describe the new, non-lichenized species Carbonea tephromelae, based on material collected in the Swedish part of the Scandes. The new species is characterized by a colourless hypothecium, broadly ellipsoid to globose ascospores, and by growing on the thallus of the common saxicolous lichen Tephromela atra. It is similar to the likewise lichenicolous species C. supersparsa and C. vitellinaria, but is clearly separated from these species by anatomy and in a phylogenetic analysis based on four markers (mrSSU, ITS, RPB1, RPB2). Carbonea tephromelae is apparently specific to T. atra, but the use of host specificity as a character for species delimitation in lichenicolous species of Carbonea needs further evaluation.
... & Syd. та Lichenostigma Hafellner (Kondratyuk, 2005;Pirogov et al., 2014;Darmostuk, 2016Darmostuk, , 2019. ...
A taxonomic revision of the genus Zwackhiomyces in Ukraine is provided. The genus is characterized by globose to pyriform ascomata, brown wall pigments deposited between the cells, branched and anastomosing interascal filaments, fissitunicate asci and 0–1-sepate hyaline ascospores. Previously, ten species of Zwackhiomyces were known in Ukraine. They are Z. berengerianus, Z. calcariae, Z. cervinae, Z. coepulonus, Z. diederichii, Z. dispersus, Z. lecanorae, Z. lithoiceae, Z. polischukii, and Z. sphinctriniformis. Three species, Zwackhiomyces calcisedus, Z. inconspicuus, and Z. macrosporus, are for the first time reported in the country. Zwackhiomyces dispersus is a new record for the plain part of Ukraine. All species of these lichenicolous fungi were found on 10 different host genera. Rinodina calcarea is a new host species for Z. inconspicuus. All examined species have commensal life strategies, and infection does not cause any visible damage or discoloration of the host thallus and apothecia. Zwackhiomyces lecanorae and Z. inconspicuus can grow on several different host genera. Other species show strict host specificity. Two species, Z. coepulonus and Z. lecanorae, are apparently widespread in Ukraine. Description, host lichen species, data about distribution, examined specimens and notes are provided for each species. An original key to species of Zwackhiomyces in Ukraine is proposed.
... Lichenicolous species of several fungal genera (Clauzade et al. 1989), such as Arthonia, Carbonea, Catillaria, Micarea, Phacopsis s.l., Scutula, Tephromela, and Toninia s.l., can be easily confused with Zhurbenkoa because of similar apothecial appearance, 8-spored asci, and the production of aseptate to transversely septate colorless ascospores. However, they substantially differ from Zhurbenkoa by their contrasting phylogenetic affinities, outside of the Malmideaceae, and a specific set of the following key characters: (i) Arthonia (Arthoniomycetes), absence of or with a strongly reduced exciple and Arthonia-type asci (Grube and Matzer 1997); (ii) Carbonea (Lecanoraceae), with a darkly pigmented inner exciple, the upper part of hymenium with aeruginose pigment, thin anastomosed paraphyses, and different host preferences, mainly saxicolous crustose lichens (Hertel 1983;Knoph et al. 2004;Pirogov et al. 2014); (iii) Catillaria (a polyphyletic assemblage in Lecanoromycetes), Catillariatype asci, and strongly capitate simple paraphyses with pigmented cups (Kilias 1981;Hafellner 1982;Etayo 2000); (iv) Micarea (Pilocarpaceae), absence of or with a strongly reduced exciple, thin strongly anastomosing paraphyses, comparatively thinner ascospores, and in general presence of a lichenized thallus (Coppins 1983;Van den Boom and Ertz 2014;Brackel 2016;Etayo 2017); (v) Phacopsis s.l. (Parmeliaceae), ascomata immersed in host thallus, dark brown to black and shiny, often gall-inducing, reduced exciple, paraphyses apically swollen with dark brown-pigmented caps, inhabiting various genera of Parmeliaceae (Hafellner1987; Triebel et al. 1995;Peršoh and Rambold 2002;Divakar et al. 2015); (vi) Scutula (Ramalinaceae s.l.), apothecia always black with a distinct margin, asci of the Scutula-type, exciple usually with greenish brown to red-brown pigments, hosts mainly from Peltigeraceae (Triebel et al. 1997;Wedin et al. 2007); (vii) Tephromela (Tephromelataceae; position of lichenicolous members unknown), apothecial sections with a violet pigment (N+ red), asci of the Bacidia-type, growing on Dirinaria and Lecanora (Rambold and Triebel 1992;Rambold 1993); and (viii) Toninia s.l. ...
Lichen-inhabiting fungi are highly specialized mycoparasites, commensals or rarely saprotrophs, that are common components of almost every ecosystem, where they develop obligate associations with lichens. Their relevance, however, contrasts with the relatively small number of these fungi described so far. Recent estimates and ongoing studies indicate that a significant fraction of their diversity remains undiscovered and may be expected in tropical regions, in particular in hyperdiverse fog-exposed montane forests. Here, we introduce the new genus Zhurbenkoa, from South America and Europe, for three lichenicolous fungi growing on thalli of the widespread lichen genus Cladonia (Lecanorales). Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequence data of mt and nuc rDNA obtained from Andean populations (Bolivia) placed Zhurbenkoa as a member of Malmideaceae, a recently introduced family of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. Zhurbenkoa is closely related to the genera Savoronala and Sprucidea. The new genus is characterized by the development of grayish brown to almost black apothecia lacking an evident margin, an epihymenium interspersed with crystals (often seen as pruina), a strongly conglutinated hymenium made of noncapitate and sparsely branched paraphyses, a colorless exciple composed of radially arranged hyphae, a Lecanora/Micarea-like ascus type, and aseptate or 1-septate ellipsoidal colorless ascospores. Zhurbenkoa includes two Neotropical (Z. cladoniarum, Z. latispora) and one widespread (Z. epicladonia) species. The lichenicolous trophic mode is documented for the first time in the Malmideaceae, which until now included only lichen-forming associations between fungi and green algae.
The “Fourth checklist of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine”, including 2150 accepted scientific names based on published records as well as analysis of current additions are provided. Current additions include 439 taxa newly recorded for Ukraine after the third checklist of lichens of Ukraine by Kondratyuk et al. (2010) and 262 nomenclatural novelties. Annotations to each taxon of 318 newly recorded to Ukraine are provided in the style of the second checklist by Kondratyuk et al . (1998), i.e. data on phytogeographical regions and administrative districts (oblasts) of Ukraine as well as references to published papers are provided. Among current additions 99 taxa were annotated in the Checklist of lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine by Darmostuk and Khodosovtsev (2017) and consequent references to the latter are provided.
The conclusion confirms the earlier recommendation that national checklists of lichens are to be re-published more often than once a decade.
The first data about 183 species of lichens and 17 species of lichenicolous fungi of Nature Reserve “Gorgany” (Ukraine) are given. Abrothallus usneae Rabenh. is a new for Ukraine, and species Homostegia piggotii (Berk. & Broome) P. Karst., Lichenostigma gracile Calat., Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner, Micarea cinerea (Schaer.) Hedl., Sphaerellothecium parmeliae Diederich & Etayo, Stigmidium fuscatae (Arnold) R. Sant., Tephromela grumosa (Pers.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux are new for Ukrainian Carpathians. The locations, ecology and notes to each species are presented.
