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Tests of industrial machining process were performed on Douglas fir from European plantations by the means of various tools and materials. Spindle shaping process was performed by using carbide tipped moulding tools providing very good quality surfaces. PCD moulding tool was responsible of fuzzy grain. European Douglas-fir do not asks for different...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... tests were carried out in an industrial joinery by using different processes, tool geometry, tool materials, and feeding velocities as follows: 1. planing process with planing machine (characteristics: i) r.p.m. 6500; ii) feeding speed 10 and 15 m/min.) provided with carbide tipped knives on a special helicoidal cutter head, as in Figure 1; 2. spindle shaping process with shaping machine (characteristics: i) r.p.m. 6500; ii) feeding speed 10 m/min.) provided with carbide tipped moulding tools; 3. spindle shaping process with shaping machine (characteristics: i) r.p.m. 6500; ii) feeding speed 10 m/min.) ...
Citations
... Further research (Goli et al. 2001a(Goli et al. , 2002a(Goli et al. ,b, 2003(Goli et al. , 2005(Goli et al. , 2009) delves into the change in cutting mechanics when machining at different orientations with respect to the grain. The grain orientation that provides the highest forces and leaves behind the most protruded distorted grain is cutting in the 90°-90° direction (Goli et al. 2005). ...
... Analysis of the formation of the surface finish also has been investigated (Goli et al. 2001a(Goli et al. ,b, 2002aGoli and Uzielli 2004). Surface roughness measurements using a perthometer (optical 3D roughness measurement) and a profileometer (surface roughness stylus) were taken to quantify the surface finish of the woods. ...
In this review, fundamental wood machining research is evaluated to determine the general cutting mechanics of simple, orthogonal, and oblique cutting tools. Simple tool force trends and chip formation characteristics are indentified here, along with the cause and effects of tool wear. In addition to this, specific methods of evaluating sawing processes have been investigated. These include the use of piezoelectric dynamometers to record tool forces and high speed photography to evaluate chip formation. Furthermore, regression analysis has been previously used to identify tool force trends with respect to both tooth geometry parameters and work-piece properties. This review has identified the original findings of previous research. This will allow for further original research to be conducted.
... Further research conducted by Goli et al [75,76,78,79,81,82] delves into the change in cutting mechanics when machining at different angles to the annual growth rings. The grain orientation that provides the highest forces and leaving behind the most protruded fuzzy grain is cutting in the 90°-90°direction, against the annual growth rings at 45° [75]. ...
... Analysis of the formation of the surface finish is also investigated [81][82][83][84]. Surface roughness measurements using a perthometer (optical 3D roughness measurement) and a profileometer [66,68,69]. ...
The work reported in this thesis details the original research undertaken by the author into the
cutting mechanics of wood-working handsaw tooth geometries. The research can be separated
into three distinctive sections. The first section is a review of both fundamental and recent
literature regarding wood characteristics and machining processes. The second section
documents the findings of a cutting process in which a variety of work-piece parameters were
evaluated whilst limiting the parameters associated with tooth geometry. The third and final
section documents the findings of a cutting process in which a variety of tooth geometry
parameters were evaluated whilst limiting work-piece variation.
Two separate experimental procedures were developed to carry out the work for sections two
and three respectively: The first of these procedures utilised a CNC router machine to perform
the controlled cutting action. A single “rip” tooth was attached to the tool holder. The workpiece
was constrained to a tri-axis dynamometer which was used to measure the resultant tool
forces in the relative X, Y and Z axes. At the same time a universal testing machine was
employed to perform mechanical test procedures on a variety of wood species. A predictive
cutting force model was developed using the obtained mechanical properties as categorical
predictors.
The second procedure utilised a shaper machine to perform the controlled cutting action.
Three different saw tooth geometries were evaluated for only one variety of wood species. A
tri-axis dynamometer was again used to measure the resultant tool forces. The geometric
parameters of each tooth were carefully evaluated at using SEM micrographs. A predictive
cutting force model using the geometric parameters as categorical predictors was developed.
Chip and surface formation was carefully evaluated. For procedure one this involved
observation of the chip/surfaces under an optical microscope. For procedure two this involved
capturing footage of the cutting process using a high speed camera.
The findings of the research show that un-bevelled teeth with orthogonal edges generally
yield high cutting forces. However, these teeth are very effective at removing material along
the wood grain in a “chisel like” cutting action. Bevelled teeth with sharp lateral edges
generally yield low cutting forces. These teeth are well suited to severing the wood fibres
perpendicular to the grain in a “knife like” cutting action.
The objective of this study was to study the machined surface quality of Eucalyptus grandis wood submitted to heat treatment. The machining operations realized on the boards obtained from the processing of six trees were: planing, thicknessing, tear in horizontal drilling, drilling, drilling hinge and sanding. 208 boards of 125 x 25 x 500 mm were selected, with 104 untreated and 104 heat-treated boards at maximum temperature of 190ºC. The evaluation of the surface was performed according to ASTM D-1666/87 standard. The result showed that the Eucalyptus grandis wood presents a good behavior during the machining tests, obtaining notes 1 and 2 (excellent and good), except for drilling hinge test in the bolt hole and drilling with 12, 8, 6 mm, reaching notes between 2 and 4 (good, regular and bad). The heat treatment reduced the number of defects on the machined samples, except for torn grain in some machining operations.
The objective of this study was to study the machined surface quality of Eucalyptus grandis wood submitted to heat treatment. The machining operations realized on the boards obtained from the processing of six trees were: planing, thicknessing, tear in horizontal drilling, drilling, drilling hinge and sanding. 208 boards of 125 x 25 x 500 mm were selected, with 104 untreated and 104 heat-treated boards at maximum temperature of 190ºC. The evaluation of the surface was performed according to ASTM D-1666/87 standard. The result showed that the Eucalyptus grandis wood presents a good behavior during the machining tests, obtaining notes 1 and 2 (excellent and good), except for drilling hinge test in the bolt hole and drilling with 12, 8, 6 mm, reaching notes between 2 and 4 (good, regular and bad). The heat treatment reduced the number of defects on the machined samples, except for torn grain in some machining operations.
