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Carassius praecipuus, new species, is described from a hill stream in the upper Nam Ngum watershed in Mekong drainage in central Laos. It is distinguished from all congeners by the short dorsal fin, a small number of branched dorsal-fin rays, lateral line scales and gill rakers. It reaches sexual maturity around 70 mm SL. This is the first species...
Citations
... Recently, the representative of the typical East Asian fish genus Carassius Nilsson, 1832 was described from the Upper Nam Ngum River in the Mekong Basin in central Laos, i.e., C. praecipuus Kottelat 2017(Kottelat 2017. As Kottelat (2017) claimed, the Nam Ngum River together with the Nam Ngiep and Nam Neun have headwaters on the Plain of Jars. ...
... Recently, the representative of the typical East Asian fish genus Carassius Nilsson, 1832 was described from the Upper Nam Ngum River in the Mekong Basin in central Laos, i.e., C. praecipuus Kottelat 2017(Kottelat 2017. As Kottelat (2017) claimed, the Nam Ngum River together with the Nam Ngiep and Nam Neun have headwaters on the Plain of Jars. ...
... Recently, the representative of the typical East Asian fish genus Carassius Nilsson, 1832 was described from the Upper Nam Ngum River in the Mekong Basin in central Laos, i.e., C. praecipuus Kottelat 2017(Kottelat 2017. As Kottelat (2017) claimed, the Nam Ngum River together with the Nam Ngiep and Nam Neun have headwaters on the Plain of Jars. One of these rivers, i.e. the Nam Neun, is adjacent to the Ma River Basin and flows through Vietnam into the South China Sea (the Gulf of Tonkin). ...
Freshwater mussels belonging to the genus Cristaria Schumacher, 1817 (Bivalvia: Unionidae) are widespread from Mongolia to Indochina while the range of one species, C. plicata (Leach, 1814), covers two biogeographic subregions, i.e., East Asian (Amur River to Vietnam) and Sundaland (Mekong River basin). We present here a taxonomic revision of the nominal taxon Anodonta bellua Morelet, 1866 which was described from the Mekong (Lake Tonle-Sap, Cambodia) but is currently considered a synonym of C. plicata. We obtained molecular data for newly collected Cristaria representatives from the Mekong's tributaries in Laos, which were found as a divergent species-level phylogenetic clade within the genus that is distant from C. plicata. Nevertheless, comparative morphological and morphometric studies did not reveal any significant differences between these two congeners. Our time-calibrated biogeographic modeling reveals that the split between Cristaria bellua (Mekong) and C. clessini (East Asia) probably occurred in the mid-Miocene (15.8 Ma) and may reflect an ancient stream capture between the Mekong Basin and East Asian rivers.
... However, one member of the East Asian Unioninae is known to occur in the Mekong Basin, that is, Cristaria cf. plicata (Leach, 1814) (Bolotov, Pfeiffer, et al., 2018;Zieritz et al., 2018 (Kottelat, 2017a(Kottelat, ,2017b. In summary, there were several faunal exchanges between the Mekong and East Asian rivers, most likely via ancient stream captures. ...
Diverse associations of freshwater sponges with molluscs were recently described from the Xingu River, Amazon Basin. However, such associations in other parts of the world are almost unknown. Here, we report on the discovery of epifaunal associations of a freshwater sponge (Corvospongilla, Spongillidae) with a byssus-attaching clam (Limnoperna, Mytilidae) and a freshwater mussel (Hyriopsis, Unionidae) in tropical Asia (Mun River, Thailand). We used this association as a model system to show how the application of an integrative taxonomic approach can change modern views on the taxonomic status and biogeographic affinities of tropical invertebrates in a rather small sample. The freshwater sponge from the Mun River morphologically corresponds to the nominal taxon Corvospongilla siamensis but it is identical to Corvospongilla ultima from the Kaladan River, western Myanmar, based on the sequences of five DNA markers and the PTP species delimitation modeling. Hence, the first species is considered here to be a junior synonym of C. ultima. Conversely, the Limnoperna clam from the Mun River is found to be distant phylogenetically from the invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei based on the sequences of three DNA markers. We therefore restore Limnoperna siamensis stat. rev. as a valid species. Our time-calibrated multi-locus phylogeny reveals that the split between L. siamensis and L. fortunei most likely occurred at the Miocene—Pliocene boundary. Finally, the freshwater mussel Hyriopsis khoratensis is an abundant species endemic to the Mun River. Our novel data highlight that associations of freshwater sponges with bivalves are present in Asia but were historically overlooked there and that the Mekong's sponge-mollusc association can be considered analogous to those discovered in South America.
... Carassius, Cyt b, haplotype network, Iran, species identification species (i.e., C. carassius, Carassius cuvieri, Carassius langsdorfii, Carassius gibelio, C. auratus and even some poorly described species like Carassius buergeri, Carassius grandoculis and Carassius argenteaphthalmus) (Ağdamar & Tarkan, 2019;Doğaç et al., 2016;Kalous et al., 2012;Kalous, Šlechtová, Bohlen, Petrtýl, & Švátora, 2007;Kawanabe & Mizuno, 1989;Komiyama et al., 2009;Kottelat, 2017;Nguyen & Ngo, 2001;Podlesnykh, Apalikova, & Brykov, 2012;Rylková et al., 2013Rylková et al., , 2014Suzuki, Nagano, Kobayashi, & Ueno, 2005;Tabata, Kakioka, Tominaga, Komiya, & Watanabe, 2016;Takada et al., 2010;Wouters, Janson, Lusková, & Olsén, 2012;. In some cases, there are diploid, triploid and in rare cases tetraploid populations within a single assemblage (Abramenko, Kravchenko, & Velikoivanenko, 1997;Apalikova, Eliseikina, Kovalev, & Brykov, 2008;Iguchi, Yamamoto, Matsubara, & Nishida, 2003;Jakovlić & Gui, 2011;Lusková, Halacka, Vetesnik, & Lusk, 2004). ...
Introduction of non-native fish species has been criticized as one of the major threats to freshwater ecosystems. During recent years, the cyprinid fish genus Carassius has been the subject of various studies in terms of introduction biology and ecology. The taxonomy and identification of described species in the genus Carassius is still ambiguous. In order to increase the knowledge of introduced species of the genus in Iran, molecular approaches were employed to identify species based on the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome b (Cyt b). In total, 417 specimens across Eurasia and some other parts of the world have been analyzed. Afterwards, investigation of the possible origin and pathways of introduction was done using analysis of haplotype networks based on the Cyt b gene. The results revealed that there are three introduced species i.e. Carassius auratus, Carassius gibelio and Carassius langsdorfii, in inland waters of Iran. Carassius langsdorfii was recorded from Iran and western Asia for the first time. Analysis of haplotype network showed various potential sources of introduction for each species in Iran and regions beyond their native distribution ranges.
The population structure and features of sexual maturity of gibel carp Carassius gibelio and crucian carp C. carassius are studied in a small (588 m2) natural pond. The abundance of the former species is 2.4 times larger than that of the latter species. The sex ratio (females : males) is 80 : 1 (n = 674) and 0.8 : 1 (n = 128), respectively. The gibel carp is represented by gynogenetic form. The populations of both species are characterized by similar age structure, reach sexual maturity at the age of 2–3 years, but the growth rate of the gibel carp is notably higher in comparison with that of the crucian carp; the latter species is represented by a small (on average, 55 mm FL) pedomorphic form. In the pond, individuals of both species inhabit mainly different ecological niches leading to a weak interspecific competition.
Freshwater fishes of the genus Carassius are widespread throughout Eurasia, but notoriously difficult for identification by morphological characters, leaving their systematics in a vague state and the validity of several species is unclear. Consequently, genetic data are used to identify the evolutionary units within this genus. Here, we present an analysis of the genus Carassius in Vietnam and south‐eastern China based on phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the nuclear S7 gene. We found two lineages in Vietnam with high supports in the nuclear as well as the mitochondrial dataset. One lineage corresponds to the species Carassius auratus, and one lineage represents an independent evolutionary unit. We test whether the lineage may correspond to the species that has once been described as Carassius argenteaphthalmus. The main character for identification, the color of the eye rim, did not distinguish two clades from each other. Considering the absence of genetic data, the imprecision of the original description, and the absence of all type specimens, the name of C. argenteaphthalmus is considered to be a nomen dubium. An analysis of the genus Carassius in Vietnam based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes recovered two separate genetic lineages. One corresponds to Carassius auratus, and the other represents an independent evolutionary unit. We tested whether it corresponds to the species described as Carassius argenteaphthalmus. The main determining character, the eye rim color, did not distinguish two clades. Considering the imprecision of the original description, the name of C. argenteaphthalmus is considered as nomen dubium.
Vamnanenia orcicarn pus, new species, is described from the Nam Ngum drainage on the Plain of Jars, central Laos. It is distinguished from its congeners by its colour pattern consisting of a midlateral row of six blotches, a middorsal row of six saddles and vermiculations between the rows of blotches and saddles and on the rest of the flank. Furthermore, it has a slender caudal peduncle (depth 1.5 times in its length, 2.5 times in body depth) and 12-14 branched pectoral-fin rays.
