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Canopy height (cm) (a), total herbage mass (kg DM ha⁻¹) (b), green herbage mass (kg DM ha⁻¹) (c) and total herbage density (kg DM ha⁻¹ cm⁻¹) (d) of Urochloa decumbens Stapf RD Webster in monoculture and in silvopastoral systems, in the Agreste of Pernambuco. Different letters represent significant difference by the Tukey’s test (P ≤ 0.05). SEM = 0.02, 0.03, 0.03, and 8.00, respectively
Source publication
Silvopastoral systems (SPS) combine tree, herbaceous, and animal components, and may contribute to improve productivity and diversification of activities over time. This study evaluated the survival rate and dendrometry of seedlings of Eucalyptus spp. (eucalyptus) and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (sabiá) and their impact on herbage responses of U...
Citations
... The diameter of the base was measured at 0.25 m above ground level, and the diameter at breast height (DBH) at 1.30 m above ground level using a measuring tape (Herrera et al. 2021;Carvalho et al. 2022a). Forage mass was estimated on the same plants on which dendrometric measurements were carried out. ...
Legumes have the potential to provide diverse ecosystem services, therefore, it is important to understand the quantitative and qualitative aspects of their development in different cropping systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dendrometric, productive characteristics and nutritional value of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. in monocrop and a silvopastoral system with signal grass, in Brazil. The treatments were distributed under a randomized block design and consisted of M. caesalpiniifolia monocrop system and silvopasture (signal grass + M. caesalpiniifolia ). Evaluations were carried out every 56 days for two years. The data were analyzed using repeated measures over time using SAS on demand (2021) and the treatment means were compared using PDIFF with Tukey's test (P < 0.05). There was no effect of cropping systems (P > 0.05) on plant height (~ 5.2 m). The greatest values for diameter at breast height (16.32 cm), basal diameter (20.54 cm), and dry matter production per plant (36 g DM plant − 1 ) were observed in the silvopasture system (P < 0.05). Forage mass was higher (P < 0.05) in the monocrop system compared to silvopasture (69 and 22 kg DM ha − 1 , respectively) in the first year of evaluation. Total forage accumulation was greater in the monocrop system compared to silvopasture (383 vs. 116 kg DM ha − 1 year − 1 ) in the first year of evaluation. The nutritional value was not influenced (p < 0.05) by the cultivation systems in the first year of evaluation, however, higher content of CP (221 g kg − 1 ), ADF (449 g kg − 1 ), and IVDMD (383 g kg − 1 ) were observed in the rainy season, while the highest DM content (426 g kg − 1 ) occurred in the dry season. M. caesalpiniifolia showed good dendrometric characteristics in the silvopasture system. The silvopasture provides greater forage production per plant of M. caesalpiniifolia and better nutritional value of the forage than the legume monocrop.
Purpose
Intercropping of two leguminous species at three planting densities and rainfed coconut trees was evaluated for green manuring in sub-humid region. We hypothesize that Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (M. caesalpiniifolia), native to the semi-arid region, would show better performance when compared to the exotic Gliricidia sepium Jacq. (G. sepium) at low planting density.
Methods
A field experiment was conducted in Ceará, Brazil, in randomized blocks and 2 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme with four replicates. Treatments consisted of the two leguminous species at low, medium and high planting densities, in addition to a control. Two pruning cycles were carried out, followed by leguminous biomass deposition over the soil. Nutrients accumulated in pruning biomass and added to the soil, coconut trees nutritional status, fruit weight, and economic indicators were determined.
Results
In the second pruning cycle M. caesalpiniifolia was surpassed by G. sepium, which accumulated in its biomass 673.0, 77.0, 428.1, 68.3 and 37.2 kg ha⁻¹ of N, P, K and Ca, respectively at medium density. This resulted in higher soil contents of K and Ca (0.34 and 1.58 cmolc kg⁻¹, respectively) at medium and high densities. Regardless of planting density, both leguminous species, compared to the control, increased the leaf N content in coconut trees by 2.2 g kg⁻¹ and led to the highest Mg content (1.8 g kg⁻¹). The total nutrients accumulated in G. sepium at high density resulted in higher financial value (5,074.6 US$ ha⁻¹).
Conclusion
G. sepium at high planting density has better performance than M. caesalpiniifolia for intercropping system with rainfed coconut in sandy soil of sub-humid region.
Scientific studies on silvopastoral systems have led to permanent changes oriented toward better silvopasture practices, as well as to policy strategies to respond effectively to the global objectives of restoration and sustainable development. In this work, we performed a bibliometric analysis with the purpose of identifying changes associated with different silvopastoral systems. We applied Bibliometrix in R to analyze 5708 documents published between 1983 and 2022 by including the terms "silvopastoral" and "silvopasture", among others. The results showed a longitudinal and exponential increase in silvopasture studies over the last 20 years. We adjusted the growth to an S-Curve function with an R 2 of 96.06%. The interest of researchers regarding knowledge about sil-vopasture has evolved; initially, it focused on the characterization of silvopasture, whereas recently, it has focused on the search for strategies to improve the sustainable use of silvopasture, including ecosystem restoration and the implementation of better practices. The following countries stand out as those with the largest scientific production of studies on silvopasture: The United States, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina in the Americas; China and India in Asia; and Spain; and Ger-many, and the United Kingdom in Europe. In the case of Ecuador, cited leaders in silvopasture facilitated the construction of a group of experts who contribute to the development of public policies. The most cited publications appeared in journals published by the Springer group, Elsevier, and MDPI Journals, mostly in open-access systems. In the future, the disruptive contribution of open-access systems in the global dissemination of knowledge, breaking through the economic constraints of countries, universities, and researchers, should be evaluated.
