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In this paper the authors describe the activities executed during the Modulushca project, for defining a common set of data and information, to be used in handling modular units in a structured logistic network. The inspiring principles for defining the data model has been the Canonical Data Model (CDM), an Enterprise Applications Integrations (EAI...
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... Furthermore, device-to-device (D2D) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication technologies supported by 5G technology can be deployed to enhance the interaction between π-containers and between π-containers with other management and autonomous systems. For the purposes of security and privacy, a data model was proposed in [36] to restrict information access for different involved actors, including manufacturers, drivers, and shippers. ...
The Physical Internet (PI, or π) paradigm has been developed for a global logistics system that aims to move, handle, store, and transport logistics products in a sustainable and efficient way. To achieve this goal, the PI requires a higher level of interconnectivity and interoperability in terms of physical, informational, and operational aspects, which, by following the principle of the digital Internet (DI), is enabled by an interconnected network of intermodal hubs, collaborative protocols, and standardized, modular, and smart containers. Meanwhile, digital transformation (DT) has become mainstream in Industry 4.0 to innovate many industries, including logistics and supply chains, through the use of breakthrough digital technologies in the fields of information, communication, connectivity, analytics, and computing, such as the next generation of communication and networking (i.e., 5G), the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), big data analytics (BDA), and cloud computing (CC). In this context, the introduction of DT in the PI vision has many implications for the development and realization of an efficient and sustainable global logistics system. This study investigated the perspectives of PI under the impact of DT. The major challenges and associated open research regarding the adoption of DT in PI have been thoroughly investigated.
... ucts encapsulation transition and identified important prospects and obstacles for both business and academics in science and technology.Sallez et al., (2015) addressed the control of cross docking PI-hubs by focusing on the simulation of the problem of container routing. The study revealed that the proposed approach is effective for such problems.Tretola et al., (2015) mainly focused on a proposal to exchange data model to enable modular containers to be exploited interoperable.Ballot & Montreuil (2016) investigated a comparison analysis about equipment for transportation process of Physical Internet such as handling boxes. Analysis demonstrated that Physical Internet equipment provides a more efficie ...
Sustainability has achieved notable attention due to rising global warming. The supply chain was also affected by this, and sustainability in the supply chain processes gained the same importance. In this study, the concept of Physical Internet, which provides full integration in the supply chain with its completely technological structure, is analyzed in the context of the three pillars of sustainability which are environmental, economic, and social. The analysis is conducted by comparing the classic supply chain and Physical Internet in the context of sustainability. Two simulation models that consist of four-echelons are created for comparison by utilizing ARENA Simulation Software. The first simulation model is the classic supply chain and the other simulation model is the Physical Internet model. Performance metrics are carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that are produced along with transportation processes, total cost that consists of backorder cost, holding cost and transportation cost, lead time, and average inventory levels are considered as performance metrics and calculated to compare two models in the context of sustainability utilizing Minitab Software.
... Modular containers (i.e., transport containers, container handling, and packaging containers) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Achievement of full vehicle loading, shared by different providers [20][21][22] Design of open transport centers with fully functional, efficient, and effective handling of cargo [23][24][25][26] Creation of integrated, secure protocols in terms of confidential information and exchange mechanisms with restricted data access [20,27,28] Analysis of the legal framework and regulations on the topic [29] Models of cooperation with an equitable distribution of income [19,21,[30][31][32][33][34] Innovative business models built under the pillars of the PI [13,22,35] Source [12]. ...
This paper studies the relationship between Lean paradigms and the Physical Internet (PI). Lean thinking is a philosophy that allows one to obtain the right amount of the right items in the right place at the right time; it seeks to minimize waste and is flexible to change. In fact, applying Lean not only helps to reduce costs, but it also adds value and improves results across the supply chain. By using a value stream map, we can map the process from the supply chain to the customer, while trying not to add value activities. Such activities include excessive production, overstorage, waiting times poorly adjusted to needs, defects and rejects that require reprocessing, and, finally, unnecessary transport and movements. Storage, waiting times, and unnecessary transport and movements are at the core of the PI. A value stream map can also help to identify empty transport and unnecessary CO2 emissions. This study analyzes value stream mapping as a tool that can enable the objectives of the different Alliance for Logistics Innovation through Collaboration (ALICE) roadmaps for logistics innovation to be achieved, and can also allow PI principles to be reached on the established dates.
... However, depending on the roles of requesters more restricted data may be required and accessed to ensure the security and privacy of data. A MODULUSHCA common data model proposed in [160] is composed of four data types: business data, shipment data, network data, and public data, which can be accessed by corresponding actors with the granted rights to support exchanging information among the partners of the PI. ...
The Physical Internet (PI, or π) paradigm has been developed to be a global logistics system that aims to move, handle, store, and transport logistics products in a sustainable and efficient way. To achieve the goal, the PI requires a high level interconnectivity in physical, informational, and operational aspect enabled by an interconnected network of inter-modal hubs, collaborative protocols, and standardized, modular, and smart containers. In this context, PI is a key player poised to benefit from the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution since it potentially provides an end-to-end visibility of the PI objects, operations, and systems through ubiquitous information exchange. This paper is to investigate opportunities of application of IoT technology in the PI vision. In addition, an IoT ecosystem (π-IoT) encompassing key enabling IoT technologies, building blocks, and a service-oriented architecture (SoA) is proposed as a potential component for accelerating the implementation of PI. The major challenges regarding the deployment of IoT into the emerging logistics concept are also discussed intensively for further research.
... However, based on the roles of the requesters more restricted data maybe required and accessed to ensure the security and privacy of data. A Modulusca common data model proposed in [24] is composed of four data types: business data, shipment data, network data, and public data, which can be accessed by corresponding actors with the granted right to support exchanging information among the partners of the PI. ...
The Physical Internet (PI, or π) concept was developed to address the current un-sustainability problem of logistics systems. The key physical elements in the PI include π-containers, π-nodes, and π-movers. The π-containers designed to be world-standard, smart, green, and modular are moved, handled, and stored throughout an open global logistic infrastructure. Meanwhile, the π-nodes and π-movers including physical systems and vehicles are designed to exploit as best as possible the characteristics of π-containers to facilitate material handling processes. Thus, the logistics industry vision is a key player poised to benefit from the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution since millions of π-containers with contained shipments being moved, tracked, and stored by a variety of the π-nodes and π-movers each day. This chapter proposes first an information framework enabling IoT of the PI infrastructure and then a service-oriented architecture (SOA) for the IoT applied for providing the IoT logistics services for the PI. A case study utilizing the architecture is presented to illustrate an efficient management service of logistics operations in the PI.
... However, based on the roles of the requesters more restricted data may be required and accessed to ensure the security and privacy of data. A Modulusca common data model proposed in [24] is composed of four data types: business data, shipment data, network data, and public data, which can be accessed by corresponding actors with the granted right to support exchanging information among the partners of the PI. ...
The Physical Internet (PI, or π) concept was developed to address the current unsustainability problem of logistics systems. The key physical elements in the PI include π-containers, π-nodes, and π-movers. The π-containers designed to be world-standard, smart, green, and modular are moved, handled, and stored throughout an open global logistic infrastructure. Meanwhile, the π-nodes and π-movers including physical systems and vehicles are designed to exploit as best as possible the characteristics of π-containers to facilitate material handling processes. Thus, the logistics industry vision is a key player poised to benefit from the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution since millions of π-containers with contained shipments being moved, tracked, and stored by a variety of the π-nodes and π-movers each day. This paper proposes firstly an information framework enabling IoT of the PI infrastructure and then a service-oriented architecture (SOA) for the IoT applied for providing the IoT logistics services for the PI. A case study utilizing the architecture is presented to illustrate an efficient management service of logistics operations in the PI.
... Existing literature on this concept is still scarce as can be seen in the literature review that covers up to January 2016 [10]. This review focuses on academic databases and on examining conference publications dedicated to the topic, such as those from the International Physical Internet Conference (IPIC) [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Interest groups dedicated to the topic were also surveyed, such as the PI Initiative, Alliance for Logistics Innovation through Collaboration (ALICE), and documents and publications from their projects were analysed [21]. ...
ABSTRACT:
The term 'Physical Internet' (PI or π) was born in 2006. Despite being more than ten years old, this term is practically unknown and
used infrequently by engineers, economists, computer scientists and legislators. In recent years, its usage has increased and the
European Union has set a target to implement it by 2050. This article proposes an approach to this emerging new reality, as well as
reviewing the literature on this topic.
Some prestigious universities around the world, as well as technical research institutes, have recognised this potential and are
already developing research to develop the basic aspects surrounding the so-called logistics of the future. These include the Georgia
Institute of Technology in the United States, Kühne Logistics University in Germany, Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden
and the Technical University of Graz in Austria (current organiser of the 4th International Physical Internet Congress - 4th IPIC 2017).
The European Union (European Commission) has included PI in the 2020 Horizon programs, and has set the implementation of the PI
for 2050. The Europe Commission is funding projects from all areas to investigate this concept.
This article proposes an approach to the new reality that is approaching, as well as facilitating a review of the literature for this topic,
making it familiar among researchers and seeking to motivate other interest groups in developing and evolving the concept. Finally,
we aim to raise awareness of the need to evolve current logistical methods, which are a major contributor to global dependence on
fossil resources and CO2 emissions.
Keywords: Physical Internet, Logistics, Transportation, Logistics platforms
... Activities have been done during the Modulushca project, for defining a common set of data and information, to be used in handling modular units in a structured logistic network (Tretola, Verdino and Biggi 2015). The inspiring principles for defining the data model has been the Canonical Data Model, an Enterprise Applications Integrations pattern and the e-Freight management of data exchange (Tretola and Verdino 2014). ...
Increasing freight delivery in urban areas is a major contribution to traffic congestion, and congestion affects the timeliness and reliability of freight delivery. At same time citizens moving in urban area are also contributors to congestion and suffers traffic delays in their movements. Urban mobility and related social and environmental aspects are negatively influenced by those events. Moreover, authors believe that nowadays e-commerce with door to door delivery to customers' home, of goods bought on the internet, has increased urban area presence of express couriers vehicles. The consequence is that e-commerce call for multiple 3PLs, trying to satisfy strictly SLA and with reduced time windows, moving across the urban areas, with almost empty carriers, often double-parking and obstructing private cars and public transportation (Fatnassi et al., 2014). At same time, citizens continue to move with their own cars for shopping in the city where public transportation are not well suited for supporting such needs. In fact, nowadays e-commerce logistic deliveries are based on the integration of private and closed distribution networks. The resulting systems suffer inefficiency and unsustainability symptoms such as lack of distribution centres, plurality of 3PL carriers using a lot of vehicles, travelling under-using their capacities (Naccache et al., 2014). So, while B2C is receiving an increasing popularity by the citizens, at same time it is also a source of congestion and pollution increasing CO2 footprint. Improving the sustainability of city logistics requires the deployment of solutions that addresses the three big challenges: social, environmental and economic. Such challenges are considered in the base statement of the Physical Internet Initiative (Montreil, 2013). Physical Internet consider getting products in and out of cities is a nightmare, in fact most cities are not designed and equipped for easing freight transportation, handling and storage, making the feeding of businesses and users in cities a big problem. Therefore one of the main point the initiative try to address is solving and reorganizingf the supply chain network using modular containers (Montreil, 2013). The urban logistics is the last link in the supply chain and involves the major number of stakeholders: the carriers, the citizens, the public administration, public transport operators, retailers, etc. It is a small part in the total distance covered by the products along the supply chain, nonetheless it can represent up to 28% of the total transportation cost. At same time it may induce between 16% and 50% of the overall air pollution, caused by transport activities in a city area. Solutions to urban congestion and pollution is usually based on a try-and-see method, which results are evaluated only ex-post (Faure et al., 2014). Feedback and actions, consequences of the ex-post evaluation are often too slow regarding the processes they are intended to address. One option to address this problem has been based on integration of personal rapid transit and freight rapid transit in urban areas (Won et al., 2006). Summarizing, many ideas for optimizing the logistics in urban areas fall in two possibile categories. One is the development and omptimization of the existing transportation modes and service level. The other is to build innovative logistics initiative, aiming at collaboration between participants in logistics processes and interoperability between different logistic networks. The objective of this work, then, is to consider which methodologies and procedures may be applied, to urban logistics, in order to harmonize freight delivery and people mobility. The intention of the authors is to provide a clear view of the principles that should be adopted for aiming at optimizing efficiency and sustainability of the urban mobility.
... In this work the authors describe the activities executed during the Modulushca project, for defining a common set of data and information, to be used in handling modular units in a structured logistic network (Tretola, Verdino and Biggi 2015). The inspiring principles for defining the data model has been the Canonical Data Model, an Enterprise Applications Integrations pattern and the e-Freight management of data exchange (Tretola and Verdino 2014). ...
... First, the Interoperability needs a supporting ICT approach for information exchange, which defines data organization, access roles and covers security issues. To this aim they have proposed a data model for information sharing (Tretola, Verdino and Biggi 2015). Second, it is important to consider all the objects and various assets in the logistics processes (location, warehouse, trucks, trailers, driver, etc.) it is not only a question of goods to be shipped. ...
... The authors base idea is to have IT systems for handling movements, of modular units, from source-to-sink within a business process, using a structured network, with a collaborative approach across intermodal logistics domains (Tretola and Verdino 2014). The conceptual approach for the Modulushca System is based on the distributed systems approach, considering interoperability supported by the Modulushca Common Data Model (Tretola, Verdino and Biggi 2015), based on the Canonical Data Model (CDM) approach as presented by Hohpe (Hohpe and Woolf 2003), and enabled by the e-Freight reference architecture (http://www.efreightproject.eu/). The Interoperability needs a supporting ICT approach for information exchange, which defines data organization, access roles and covers security issues. ...
This paper is based on the activities executed, by the authors, during the Modulushca research project, for defining a common set of data and information, to be used in handling modular units in a structured logistic network. The main point of the paper is the use of Cloud Computing and Common Data Model as sounding approaches for enabling modular logistics, allowing information exchange and providing the support for achieving interoperability between participants' Information Technology (IT) Systems. The inspiring principles for defining the data model has been the Canonical Data Model (CDM), an Enterprise Applications Integrations (EAI) pattern and the e-Freight management of data exchange. The idea is to have a common and shared format which to translate to and from the messages to be exchanged between the participants. Moreover, the authors defined roles and access rights for the participants to the modular logistics scenario. Authors, during the Modulushca project presented also the ICT high level architecture for managing the processes related to modular logistics, using the defined Common Data Model. The work central idea is that modular logistics is a viable approach for enabling shared delivery in the last mile logistics, in order to handle urban logistics problem.
... During our activities, in the Modulushca project, authors defined a conceptual model, called Modulushca Common Data Model (Moduluscha, http://www.modulushca.eu) (Tretola et al. 2015), in order to enable the sharing of the data, for the management of the information related to the handling of modular units. The basic idea focus on IT protocols for handling unitised movements from source-to-sink, considering the handling of the Modulushca Boxes (M-Boxes), using a structured network, with a common carrier approach across multimodal logistics domains. ...
... First, the Interoperability needs a supporting ICT approach for information exchange, which defines data organization, access roles and covers security issues. To this aim we have proposed a data model for information sharing (Tretola et al. 2015). Second, it is important to consider all the objects and various assets in the logistics processes (location, warehouse, trucks, trailers, driver, etc.) it is not only a question of goods to be shipped. ...
... The authors base idea is to have IT systems for handling movements, of modular units, from source-to-sink within a business process, using a structured network, with a collaborative approach across intermodal logistics domains (Tretola and Verdino 2014). The conceptual approach for the Modulushca System is based on the distributed systems approach, considering interoperability supported by the Modulushca Common Data Model (Tretola et al. 2015), following the Canonical Data Model (CDM) approach as presented by Hohpe (Hohpe and Woolf 2003), and enabled by the e-Freight reference architecture (http://www.efreightproject.eu/). The Interoperability needs a supporting ICT approach for information exchange, which defines data organization, access roles and covers security issues. ...
In this paper the authors describe an high level architecture for the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) systems in order to support interconnection between logistic actors in a modular logistic scenario, as defined during the Modulushca project. The main point of the paper is that Cloud Computing and Canonical Data Model (CDM) are a sounding approach for enabling modular logistics, allowing information exchange and providing the support for achieving interoperability between participants' Information Technology (IT) Systems. An appropriate architecture, aimed at realizing the interoperability between the IT systems of the participants is described and commented. The objective is to achieve collaboration between Logistic Service Provider, in order to realize a distributed overall system, built on existing ICT systems, which exposes proactive and adaptive behaviours. Intended purpose of the architecture is to support an increasing integration and collaboration and the achievement of an intelligent network management system. During the Modulushca Project the authors defined a common data model for supporting data exchange in modular logistics, which has been presented in another paper at the 2nd IPIC, addressing data management, user roles, access rights and security.
