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This article proposes a set-up for a 3-dimensional ultrasound system using visual probe localization on the conventional 2-dimensional ultrasound machines readily available in most hospitals. A calibrated digital camera is used for probe-tracking (localization) purposes, whereas ultrasound probe calibration is implemented using a purpose-built phan...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... first parameter studied was the image resolution. Images were captured for three differ- ent conventional camera resolutions, using combi- nations of images 2, 4, and 6 taken from the corresponding positions of the checkerboard plane in Figure 3. The camera was fixed at a distance of 30 cm from the planar pattern. ...
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... combinations of images were tested to observe the effects of the different orientation of the planar pattern on calibration. For combination of planes with different orienta- tion as shown in Figure 3, the result obtained is as given in Figure 7. ...
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... ly, combinations of just two images produced poor result. The smallest error for two images is given by images 2 and 3, which is at the orientation of 70-and 80-from the focal axis in Figure 3. The reason for this is that the angle between the two planes were rather small and both of the planes were at some angle (ie., not perpendicular) from the camera. ...
Citations
3D imaging has become commonplace in the medical field, with its routine use in the better established institutions for pre-natal observations, diagnosis of ailments, work-up prior to surgery, recovery monitoring and many other medical procedures. In an example such as ultrasound, the difference between 2D and 3D is dramatic as the 3D visualisation of the foetus is apparent even to the uninitiated, whereas the 2D visualisation is only discernable by experts. This chapter starts by introducing some of the common 3D equipment and the type of diagnosis for which they cater. The following section takes a retro look into examples of research work that have been undertaken in the past to produce 3D reconstructions from 2D. This is an important issue as most imaging devices still reproduce images of 3D volume as a series of 2D slice images. Description of a 3D setup for 2D ultrasound probe is provided as an example of a cost-effective means of using existing 2D equipment. The next level is to then undertake 3D processing for automatic diagnosis. This chapter discusses the research methodology required in the reconstruction of 3D volume and employing computer-aided diagnosis to identify various diseases. Details of the different stages of processing, along with the promising results achieved are presented. The chapter concludes with some considerations for future trends of 3D imaging in the medical field.
