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Calophoma rosae (CGMCC 3.18347). A-B. Colony on OA (front and reverse). C-D. Colony on MEA (front and reverse). E-F. Colony on PDA (front and reverse). G. Pycnidia forming on OA. H. Pycnidia. I. Section of pycnidium. J. Section of pycnidial wall. K. Conidiogenous cells. L. Conidia. Scale bars: G = 100 μm; H = 40 μm; I-L = 10 μm.
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The Didymellaceae is one of the most species-rich families in the fungal kingdom, and includes species that inhabit a wide range of ecosystems. The taxonomy of Didymellaceae has recently been revised on the basis of multi-locus DNA sequence data. In the present study, we investigated 108 Didymellaceae isolates newly obtained from 40 host plant spec...
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... Didymellaceae is one of the largest family in Pleosporales, which was established by de . It is widely distributed geographically, existing in different ecosystems, such as air, soil, water, house dust and coral and parasitising in other fungi and lichens (Sutton 1980;Chen et al. 2017;Wanasinghe et al. 2018a). Previous studies have reported that this family included three main genera: Ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma, as well as other allied phoma-like genera which grouped in the Didymellaceae . ...
... Description. see Chen et al. (2017). ...
... To explore the geographical distribution of Didymellaceae family strains associated with C. sinensis in China, we combined our data with these from Chen et al. (2017) and Ren et al. (2019) for the analysis (Table 2). Amongst the 240 isolates that we collected from ten provinces in China, most of the isolates were distributed in Yunnan Province. ...
Tea plant is one of the most important commercial crops worldwide. The Didymellaceae fungi can cause leaf blight disease of tea plant. In this study, 240 isolates were isolated from tea plant leaves of 10 provinces in China. Combined with multi-locus (ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TUB2) phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics, these isolates were identified as 25 species of six genera in Didymellaceae, including 19 known species Didymella coffeae-arabicae, D. pomorum, D. segeticola, D. sinensis, Epicoccum catenisporum, E. dendrobii, E. draconis, E. italicum, E. latusicollum, E. mackenziei, E. oryzae, E. poaceicola, E. rosae, E. sorghinum, E. tobaicum, Neoascochyta mortariensis, Paraboeremia litseae, Remotididymella anemophila and Stagonosporopsis caricae, of which 15 species were new record species and six novel species, named D. yunnanensis, E. anhuiense, E. jingdongense, E. puerense, N. yunnanensis and N. zhejiangensis. Amongst all isolates, D. segeticola was the most dominant species. Pathogenicity tests on tea plant leaves showed that E. anhuiense had the strongest virulence, while E. puerense had the weakest virulence. Besides, D. pomorum, D. yunnanensis, E. dendrobii, E. italicum, E. jingdongense, E. mackenziei, E. oryzae, E. rosae, E. tobaicum, N. mortariensis, N. yunnanensis, N. zhejiangensis and R. anemophila were non-pathogenic to the tea plant.
... and Phoma, Septoria Sacc. species were transferred to the genus Ascochyta, and on the contrary, other Ascochyta species were reclassified into Boeremia [4,6,7]. According to the actual taxonomy of the Didymellaceae family, the identification of its members, especially Ascochyta species, should be based on the consolidated species concept (CSC), which relies on the integration of phylogenetic, morphological, and biological characters. ...
... According to the actual taxonomy of the Didymellaceae family, the identification of its members, especially Ascochyta species, should be based on the consolidated species concept (CSC), which relies on the integration of phylogenetic, morphological, and biological characters. Phylogenetic data should be obtained by genealogical concordant phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using a multilocus phylogenetic analysis to identify fungal species [4,[6][7][8][9][10]. ...
Convolvulus arvensis is an herbaceous dicotyledonous plant in the Convolvulaceae family that is native to Europe and Asia. It is a perennial soboliferous plant and is one of the most harmful weeds. This weed is successful in many types of climates, including temperate, tropical, and Mediterranean climates, but it is most troublesome for agriculture throughout the temperate zone. In this study, several pathogenic isolates were collected from this host. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (28S) or ribosomal DNA, partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and β-tubulin (tub2) genes were amplified and sequenced for all the isolates studied. Further, both a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences and an analysis of morphological features were implemented. Based on the results obtained, all the studied isolates were found to be distinct from any described species in the genus Ascochyta and are, therefore, described here as a new species Ascochyta erotica sp. nov. The pathogenicity of A. erotica sp. nov. was also tested and confirmed on leaf segments of C. arvensis.
... nih.gov) by database Nucleotide collection (nr/nt). Hits for each query sequence exceeded the threshold for coverage and sequence similarity recommended by expert mycology researchers [28] . ...
Sorghum has numerous agronomic advantages, a great economic importance in food production and various industrial applications. Its consumption has increased in the last ten years and probably its importance may even increase in the future, considering its relationship with global warming since this plant is less demanding with water. However, its productivity is affected by various fungal diseases with the production of mycotoxins that cause great economic losses. Alternaria, Epicoccum and Pyricularia genera are the main fungal contaminants in sorghum grains, and recognized producers of tenuazonic acid, a mycotoxin previously found in assayed sorghum samples in the Mycology and Mycotoxicology laboratory belonging to the Center for Research and Development in Industrial Fermentations. Fungal isolates obtained from these sorghum grains from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Manfredi, Córdoba, Argentina) were characterized using a polyphasic approach based on morphological and genetic characteristics and in the ability to produce mycotoxins. Morphological analysis suggested the identity of Epicoccum sorghinum, which was later confirmed by molecular analysis. The ability of these isolates to produce tenuazonic acid was evaluated and it was determined that 65% of the studied isolates produced tenuazonic acid at variable levels. This is the first study that provides a molecular approach to E. sorghinum isolates in Argentina and clearly confirms the wide genetic and phenotypic variability previously reported for this species in other countries. The presence of these tenuazonic acid-producing isolates in sorghum grains represent an economic and health problem for Argentina that it is considered one of the main exporters worldwide.
... Their life modes include epiphytes, endophytes or parasites on living organisms, hyperparasites on fungi or insects, saprobes, pathogens and lichenised fungi (Zhang et al. 2012;Hyde et al. 2013;Tanaka et al. 2015;Jaklitsch et al. 2016a;Hongsanan et al. 2020). Of these, several genera, such as Alternaria, Bipolaris, Didymella, Leptospharia, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeria and Pyrenophora, have been reported as plant pathogens causing severe diseases on economic crops (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013;Woudenberg et al. 2013Woudenberg et al. , 2014Woudenberg et al. , 2015Ariyawansa et al. 2015a, b;Chen et al. 2015Chen et al. , 2017Tanaka et al. 2015;El-Demerdash 2018;Khiralla et al. 2019;Bhunjun et al. 2020;Hongsanan et al. 2020;Backes et al. 2021;Bartosiak et al. 2021;Li et al. 2023). ...
... A comprehensive study of the genera in Pleosporales was carried out by Zhang et al. (2012), based on morphological studies of the type specimens coupled with phylogenetic analyses. Consequently, the taxonomic treatment of numerous Pleosporales was updated by various authors, based on polyphasic taxonomic approaches, mainly using morphology-phylogeny-based taxonomy (Ariyawansa et al. 2014(Ariyawansa et al. , 2015aPhookamsak et al. 2014Phookamsak et al. , 2015Tanaka et al. 2015;Thambugala et al. 2015;Boonmee et al. 2016;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016;Jaklitsch et al. 2016aJaklitsch et al. , b, 2018Su et al. 2016;Chen et al. 2017;Hashimoto et al. 2017;Wanasinghe et al. 2017a, b). Even though novel taxa of Pleosporales have been dramatically increasing over the last ten years after the taxonomic circumscription provided by Zhang et al. (2012) and Hyde et al. (2013), there is still over a quarter of the total known species lacking molecular data and/or reliable phylogenetic markers for clarifying the placements in Pleosporales. ...
This article presents the results of an ongoing inventory of Ascomycota in Yunnan, China, carried out as part of the research project series “Exploring ascomycete diversity in Yunnan”. From over 100 samples collected from diverse host substrates, microfungi have been isolated, identified and are currently being documented. The primary objective of this research is to promote the discovery of novel taxa and explore the ascomycete diversity in the region, utilising a morphology-phylogeny approach. This article represents the second series of species descriptions for the project and introduces three undocumented species found in the families Bambusicolaceae, Dictyosporiaceae and Periconiaceae, belonging to the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). These novel taxa exhibit typical morphological characteristics of Bambusicola, Periconia and Trichobotrys, leading to their designation as Bambusicola hongheensis, Periconia kunmingensis and Trichobotrys sinensis. Comprehensive multigene phylogenetic analyses were conducted to validate the novelty of these species. The results revealed well-defined clades that are clearly distinct from other related species, providing robust support for their placement within their respective families. Notably, this study unveils the phylogenetic affinity of Trichobotrys within Dictyosporiaceae for the first time. Additionally, the synanamorphism for the genus Trichobotrys is also reported for the first time. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and updated phylogenies of the novel species are provided, and thus presenting a valuable resource for researchers and mycologists interested in the diversity of ascomycetes in Yunnan. By enhancing our understanding of the Ascomycota diversity in this region, this research contributes to the broader field of fungal taxonomy and their phylogenetic understanding.
... Didymellaceae is a fungal family rich in species inhabiting different ecosystems and has been reported to associate with a broad range of plant hosts, including Actinidia spp. Most species of Didymellaceae are plant pathogens causing leaf and stem lesions (Chen et al., 2017); Phoma and Didymella are reported as pathogenic on kiwifruit (Kwon et al., 2016;Zou et al., 2020). ...
Kiwifruit vine decline syndrome (KVDS) is characterized by severe root system impairment, which leads to irreversible wilting of the canopy. Plants usually collapse rapidly from the appearance of the first aboveground symptoms, without recovery even in the following seasons. The syndrome has been negatively impacting kiwifruit yield in different areas of Italy, the main producing European country, since its first outbreak in 2012. To date, a unique, common causal factor has yet to be found, and the syndrome is referred to as multifactorial. In this article, we investigated the whole biotic community (fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes) associated with the development of KVDS in three different belowground matrices/compartments (soil, rhizosphere, and root). Sampling was performed at both healthy and affected sites located in the main kiwifruit-producing area of Northwestern Italy. To address the multifactorial nature of the syndrome and to investigate the potential roles of abiotic factors in shaping these communities, a physicochemical analysis of soils was also performed. This study investigates the associations among taxonomic groups composing the microbiome and also between biotic and abiotic factors. Dysbiosis was considered as a driving event in shaping KVDS microbial communities. The results obtained from this study highlight the role of the oomycete genus Phytopythium, which resulted predominantly in the oomycete community composition of diseased matrices, though it was also present in healthy ones. Both bacterial and fungal communities resulted in a high richness of genera and were highly correlated to the sampling site and matrix, underlining the importance of multiple location sampling both geographically and spatially. The rhizosphere community associated with KVDS was driven by a dysbiotic process. In addition, analysis of the association network in the diseased rhizosphere revealed the presence of potential cross-kingdom competition for plant-derived carbon between saprobes, oomycetes, and bacteria.
... Morphological features such as conidial length, width, and size were measured (at least 30/40 per isolate) with a ZEN Pro 2012 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy). The structure of the mature pycnidial wall was observed using microtome sections of 6-10 µm in thickness, which were prepared with a Leica CM 1950 freezing microtome (Leica Biosystems, Nussloch, Germany) and mounted in lactic acid [20][21][22]. All pure cultures obtained in this study were deposited in the culture collection of the Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (JZB), China. ...
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important and oldest stone fruits grown in China. Even though P. persica is one of the most commonly grown stone fruits in China, little is known about the biodiversity of microfungi associated with peach branch diseases. In the present study, samples were collected from a wide range of peach growing areas in China, and fungal pathogens associated with peach branch diseases were isolated. In total, 85 isolates were obtained and further classified into nine genera and 10 species. Most of the isolates belonged to Botryosphaeriaceae (46), including Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Neofusicoccum, Phaeobotryon, and Lasiodiplodia species; Ascochyta, Didymella, and Nothophoma species representing Didymellaceae were also identified. Herein, we introduce Ascochyta prunus and Lasiodiplodia pruni as novel species. In addition, we report the first records of Nothophoma pruni, Neofusicoccum occulatum, and Phaeobotryon rhois on peach worldwide, and Didymella glomerata, Nothophoma quercina, and Phaeoacremonium scolyti are the first records from China. This research is the first comprehensive investigation to explore the microfungi associated with peach branch disease in China. Future studies are necessary to understand the pathogenicity and disease epidemiology of these identified species.
... (Butin, 1996;Kowalski, 2006) which challenges identification. The taxonomy of the species rich Didymellaceae has been demanding as the species identification relied on morphology and host association, but with the application of molecular phylogenetics substantial progress in species delimitation has been made (Chen et al., , 2017Hou et al., 2020a). ...
The Mura-Drava-Danube transboundary UNESCO Biosphere Reserve represents one of the best preserved wetlands in Europe. The Reserve's riparian forests play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is one of the keystone species of these forests. In recent years, pedunculate oak trees in the Reserve displayed symptoms of necrotic lesions on their leaves. The lesions varied in size, from small, circular to irregular reddish brown to grayish spots to larger necrotic areas that resembled leaf anthracnose and extended along the leaf nerves. In 2021, symptomatic leaves were collected in three countries of the Reserve, i.e. Austria, Slovenia, and Serbia to identify the causative agents of these diseases. Fungal cultures were obtained from symptoms and identified using morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rDNA, partial LSU rDNA, tef 1-α, BT2, CAL, ACT, and RPB2 genes. The fungi were identified as Tubakia dryina, Tubakia sp. (Tubakia dryinoides sensu lato), Didymella macrostoma, and Apiognomonia errabunda. Pathogenicity tests done by inoculating the leaves of one-year old pedunculate oak plants revealed that the isolated fungi caused symptoms as those seen in the forest. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of D. macrostoma as the cause of pedunculate oak leaf spot disease in Serbia and worldwide. It is also the first finding of Tubakia leaf spot disease of pedunculate oak caused by T. dryina in Austria and Serbia. Moreover, Tubakia sp. was proven to be another causative agent of Tubakia leaf spot disease. Additionally, oak anthracnose caused by A. errabunda was found for the first time on pedunculate oak leaves in Austria and Slovenia. During the past decade, pedunculate oak trees have been facing increasing threats from multiple abiotic and biotic factors which has resulted in decline and absence of natural regeneration of these trees. The results of this study add to the understanding of the contributing factors to the decline of pedunculate oak in riparian forests and are important for the development of management strategies to counteract this decline.
... RF models employed to discern tillage practices identi ed till-enriched taxa as the primary biomarkers for both prokaryotes and fungi. The fungal family Didymellaceae marking full tillage is a broad group populated with many species and occurs in diverse ecosystems, but most taxa are plant pathogens [73]. Nectriaceae, a fungal family marking reduced tillage, has around 900 species that use saprotrophic or plant pathogenic lifestyles [74], suggesting an important connection with decomposition and plant health under reduced tillage. ...
Background: Soil microbiomes are critical to soil health and sustainable agriculture. Microbiome structures differ across agricultural soils that experience different management practices, such as tillage, fertilizers, and cover crops. Environmental factors, including those related to soil management, and microbiome-interactions alter these microbial communities. However, the full extent of these influences and relationships is not comprehensively understood. Here, we applied machine learning-based methods to identify prokaryotic and fungal assembly and distribution across various soil depths from fields under different agricultural practices.
Results: Fertility source was the most pronounced agricultural factor for microbial assembly, especially for fungal communities, and this impact lessened as soil depth increased. Furthermore, fertility source shaped co-occurrence patterns within the microbial community, leading to fertility source-sensitive modules dominated by fungi down to 30 cm soil depth. Tillage predominantly affected microbial communities in soil depths of 0-20 cm, and not only enhanced microorganism dispersal but also amplified stochastic processes, especially in the prokaryotic community. However, tillage potentially jeopardized interactions within the microbiome. In contrast to the fertility source and tillage, cover crops had a less pronounced effect on microbial communities, with no clear depth-dependent patterns; however, they still affect microbial co-occurrence patterns to some extent. Additionally, microorganisms at varying depths, specifically 0-20 cm for tillage and cover crops and 0-60 cm for fertility sources, were indicative of different agricultural practices.
Conclusions: Our result showed that the impact of agricultural practices on microbial communities is multifaceted, including the assembly process, interactions, and recruitment of specific microorganisms. We also demonstrated that machine learning models can overcome certain limitations of traditional methods, offering enhanced insights into the mechanisms underlying microbial assembly and distribution in agriculture soils.
... Chen et al. [3] further clarified the generic delimitation in Didymellaceae using a morpho-molecular approach; Didymella was restricted to a monophyletic group and encompassed 37 species. Since then, 49 further species were added based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses [4,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], but D. acutilobae, D. erhaiensis, D. gongkaensis, D. hippuris, and D. myriophyllana were considered invalid species under the ICN Art. 40.8 or Art. ...
... Didymella clerodendriis closely related to D. bellidis, D. segeticola, and D. pittospori, and has, respectively, 26 bp, 22 Didymella clerodendri is also morphologically similar to D. segeticola, but the latter has smaller pycnidia (90-105 × 75-95 µm vs. 206-330 × 190-290 µm), smaller conidiogenous cells (5-6.5 × 4-5.5 µm vs. 6.2-9.9 × 3.9-6.9 µm), and larger conidia (4.5-7 × 2.5-4 µm vs. 4.3-5.7 × 2.0-3.0 µm) with 1-6 polar guttules [12,42]. ...
... There are many kinds of fungi in Jiangxi Province, and the fungal groups are complex. Relevant studies have shown that several mycological investigations are also constantly exploring and enriching the fungal diversity (e.g., [12,[43][44][45][46]). In this study, we isolated plant pathogens from diseased leaves of a wide range of plant hosts in Jiangxi Province, China. ...
Didymella contains numerous plant pathogenic and saprobic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Over the course of our mycological surveys of plant pathogens from terrestrial plants in Jiangxi Province, China, eight strains isolated from diseased leaves of four host genera represented three new species of Didymella, D. bischofiae sp. nov., D. clerodendri sp. nov., and D. pittospori sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TUB2 sequence data, using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI), revealed their taxonomic placement within Didymella. Both morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses supported D. bischofiae, D. clerodendri, and D. pittospori as three new taxa within Didymella. Illustrations and descriptions of these three taxa were provided, along with comparisons with closely related taxa in the genus.
... The reference sequences used for Didymella phylogeny were selected based on the Chen et al. 2017 [36] study. The reference sequences used for Fusarium phylogeny comprised one representative strain of each species complex in the F2 Fusarium clade (see Figure 1 in the Geiser et al., 2021 study [37]). ...
... A subgroup of eight isolates (three recovered from pea and five from wheat roots) closely matched the FOSC reference isolates MIAE08034, MIAE07954, PG57, and PG60, and two isolates (one recovered from pea and one from wheat roots) showed the closest genetic relationship with the F. oxysporum reference strains F233, PG108, and MIAI08036 ( Figure 3). These reference isolates had previously been associated with diseased pea roots in France [26] and the UK [36]. ...
Root rot pathogens restrict pea and wheat production globally. In the EU, pea and pea-based cereal mixtures are being promoted; however, root rot pathogen dynamics in such mixtures are poorly understood. Winter pea and wheat were grown either in pure stands or in mixtures in the field in western France, and the severity of root rot in pea, wheat, and their mixtures, as well as the key pathogens associated with these crops, were assessed. Disease severity was moderate in pea and low in wheat, with no effect of sowing pattern. Didymella pinodella, a previously unreported pathogen in the pea–root rot complex in France, emerged as the most dominant pathogen in pea. It also occurred in low frequencies in wheat. Subsequent greenhouse aggressiveness tests showed that ten of the commonly grown pea cultivars in France lack resistance to D. pinodella. Among the Fusarium spp. isolated, F. avenaceum was the most frequent, occurring at similar frequencies in pea and wheat. In conclusion, D. pinodella may be an important pea root rot pathogen in France and there is a lack of resistance in the tested pea cultivars. In addition, F. avenaceum is a shared pathogen of wheat and pea.
