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Cycloartane saponins mg/g DW in native roots of A. thracicus and A. membranaceus, compared to in vitro cultures of A. thracicus.
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The aim of this study is a comparative metabolomic analysis between the endangered species Astragalus membranaceus and endemic species Astragalus thracicus concerning cycloartane saponins. In addition, in vitro shoots, callus, and suspension cultures of A. thracicus were successfully established to conserve the biodiversity of those endemic species...
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This study investigates the bioproduction of astragalosides I, II and IV from endemic Astracantha aitosensis ( arnacantha ) and Astragalus membranaceus species, and the biotechnological methods for increased efficiency. The extracts from established in vitro cultures, including A. aitosensis callus, shoots and roots and A. membranaceus hairy roots,...
Citations
... The following reference substances of cycloartane saponins were used: astragaloside I (95.0%) supplied by Cayman Chemical Company, astragaloside II (99.8%) obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and astragaloside IV (98.0%) purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Previously optimized LC-HRESI-MS analyses was used to determine the cycloartane saponins and the same calibration model was built for quantification purposes (Enchev et al. 2023). ...
This study investigates the bioproduction of astragalosides I, II and IV from endemic Astracantha aitosensis ( arnacantha ) and Astragalus membranaceus species, and the biotechnological methods for increased efficiency. The extracts from established in vitro cultures, including A. aitosensis callus, shoots and roots and A. membranaceus hairy roots, showed higher astragaloside concentrations than native roots. Specifically, in vitro A. aitosensis cultures produced astragaloside I and II at 0.06 and 0.10 mg/g DW, which were absent in native roots. The production of A. membranaceus s hairy roots exceeds 8 to 15 times astragaloside I and II (0.80 and 0.90 mg/g DW) production when compared to native roots (0.10 and 0.05 mg/g DW), and around 3 times high amount related to astragaloside IV. Addressing astragaloside production challenges, this research also reveals biotechnology approaches as an alternative for sustainable production of this rare cycloartane saponins, conserving the natural habitats. A pilot reproducible in vitro cellular platform has been created, and protocol for specific, unconventional induction of the biosynthesis of the desired target compounds, exploiting the enzymatic system of plant cells from the unexplored plant species A. aitosensis has been established. Our findings clearly show the possibility of using in vitro cultures of A. aitosensis and A. membranaceus for biotechnology production of cycloartane type saponins.
Along with the known kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (1), five new flavonoids, containing the rarely isolated aglycon tamarixetin, were isolated from a methanolic extract of the endemic Balkan species Astragalus thracicus Griseb. Three of the new compounds are substituted with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl residue (HMG), untypical for the genus Astragalus. The compounds were identified as tamarixetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), tamarixetin-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (3), tamarixetin 3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranoside (4), tamarixetin-3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (5), and tamarixetin-3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (6). Selected compounds from A. thracicus were tested to evaluate their anticollagenase activity. The greatest effect was observed for quercetin-3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranoside, possibly due to the presence of an ortho-dihydroxy arrangement of flavonoid ring B. The effect on collagenase and elastase was further evaluated also by in silico study, and the test compounds showed some level of in silico interaction.
