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![Calculated phase diagrams of (a) Al-Sn, (b) Al-Zn and (c) Sn-Zn binary systems by Cheng et al. [30], Mey [33] and Lee [40], respectively.](profile/Lijun-Zhang-46/publication/334132979/figure/fig1/AS:775863603834887@1561991706957/Calculated-phase-diagrams-of-a-Al-Sn-b-Al-Zn-and-c-Sn-Zn-binary-systems-by-Cheng.png)
Calculated phase diagrams of (a) Al-Sn, (b) Al-Zn and (c) Sn-Zn binary systems by Cheng et al. [30], Mey [33] and Lee [40], respectively.
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In this paper, a thermodynamic re-assessment of the Al-Sn-Zn ternary system was performed by means of the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) approach. The thermodynamic descriptions of the binary Al-Sn, Al-Zn, and Sn-Zn systems from the literature were directly adopted, and the newly reported experimental phase equilibria, enthalpies of mixing,...
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... assessed the Sn-Zn binary system based on more experimental data. The calculated results by Lee [40] show good agreements with most of the experimental data. Thus, the thermodynamic descriptions by [40] were adopted in the present work. The calculated phase diagrams of the Al-Sn, Al-Zn and Sn-Zn binary systems from Refs. [30,33,40] are shown in Fig. ...
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... by [25]. Similarly, Figs. 11(a) and (b) show the calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K from the present assessment and the previous one by Fries et al. [20], respectively. Again, the calculated results from both the present work and the previous assessment [20] can well reproduce the experimental data [25]. Fig. 10. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 523.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Fig. 11. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic ...
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... the calculated results from both the present work and the previous assessment [20] can well reproduce the experimental data [25]. Fig. 10. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 523.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Fig. 11. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Figure 12 shows the calculated liquidus projection of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system over the entire composition range (a) and in the ...
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... isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Figure 12 shows the calculated liquidus projection of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system over the entire composition range (a) and in the Sn-rich corner (b) according to the presently obtained thermodynamic descriptions. As can be clearly seen in Fig. 12, there are three primary crystallization fields, i.e. (Al)fcc, (Sn)bct and (Zn)hcp. ...
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... thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Figure 12 shows the calculated liquidus projection of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system over the entire composition range (a) and in the Sn-rich corner (b) according to the presently obtained thermodynamic descriptions. As can be clearly seen in Fig. 12, there are three primary crystallization fields, i.e. (Al)fcc, (Sn)bct and (Zn)hcp. The E1 represents the eutectic reaction (L↔(Al)fcc+(Sn)bct+(Zn)hcp), while the U1 represents the peritectic reaction (L+(Al)fcc2↔(Al)fcc1+(Zn)hcp). Table 3 summarizes the invariant equilibria associated with the liquid phase in the ternary Al-Sn-Zn ...
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... assessed the Sn-Zn binary system based on more experimental data. The calculated results by Lee [40] show good agreements with most of the experimental data. Thus, the thermodynamic descriptions by [40] were adopted in the present work. The calculated phase diagrams of the Al-Sn, Al-Zn and Sn-Zn binary systems from Refs. [30,33,40] are shown in Fig. ...
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... by [25]. Similarly, Figs. 11(a) and (b) show the calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K from the present assessment and the previous one by Fries et al. [20], respectively. Again, the calculated results from both the present work and the previous assessment [20] can well reproduce the experimental data [25]. Fig. 10. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 523.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Fig. 11. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic ...
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... the calculated results from both the present work and the previous assessment [20] can well reproduce the experimental data [25]. Fig. 10. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 523.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Fig. 11. Calculated isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Figure 12 shows the calculated liquidus projection of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system over the entire composition range (a) and in the ...
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... isothermal sections of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system at 573.15 K due to: (a) the present thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Figure 12 shows the calculated liquidus projection of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system over the entire composition range (a) and in the Sn-rich corner (b) according to the presently obtained thermodynamic descriptions. As can be clearly seen in Fig. 12, there are three primary crystallization fields, i.e. (Al)fcc, (Sn)bct and (Zn)hcp. ...
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... thermodynamic descriptions and (b) the previous assessment [20], compared with the experimental data [25]. Figure 12 shows the calculated liquidus projection of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system over the entire composition range (a) and in the Sn-rich corner (b) according to the presently obtained thermodynamic descriptions. As can be clearly seen in Fig. 12, there are three primary crystallization fields, i.e. (Al)fcc, (Sn)bct and (Zn)hcp. The E1 represents the eutectic reaction (L↔(Al)fcc+(Sn)bct+(Zn)hcp), while the U1 represents the peritectic reaction (L+(Al)fcc2↔(Al)fcc1+(Zn)hcp). Table 3 summarizes the invariant equilibria associated with the liquid phase in the ternary Al-Sn-Zn ...
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Citations
... The thermodynamic descriptions for the Mg-Al-Zn-Sn quaternary system from our previous publications [39][40][41] were directly employed in the present work for providing accurate thermodynamic properties. In the following, the atomic mobilities in the hcp Mg-Al-Zn and hcp Mg-Al-Sn ternary systems were first updated by fixing the atomic mobilities in boundary binaries, from which the atomic mobility database in the hcp Mg-Al-Zn-Sn quaternary system was then established. ...
In this paper, a general and effective strategy was first developed to maintain the CALPHAD atomic mobility database of multicomponent systems, based on the pragmatic numerical method and freely accessible HitDIC software, and then applied to update the atomic mobility descriptions of the hcp Mg–Al–Zn, Mg–Al–Sn, and Mg–Al–Zn–Sn systems. A set of the self-consistent atomic mobility database of the hcp Mg–Al–Zn–Sn system was established following the new strategy presented. A comprehensive comparison between the model-predicted composition–distance profiles/inter-diffusivities in the hcp Mg–Al–Zn, Mg–Al–Sn, and Mg–Al–Zn–Sn systems from the presently updated atomic mobilities and those from the previous ones that used the traditional method indicated that significant improvement can be achieved utilizing the new strategy, especially in the cases with sufficient experimental composition–distance profiles and/or in higher-order systems. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the proposed strategy can serve as a standard for maintaining the CALPHAD atomic mobility database in different multicomponent systems.
... Sn-based alloys are mostly used in designing lead-free solders [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Among many Sn-based binary and ternary alloys, ternary Al-Sn-Zn alloy is considered as one of the important candidate for lead-free systems under investigation. ...
... Zhang et al. [10] investigated the effect of alloying Zn with the binary Al-Sn alloy on the hydrogen generation performance and found that Zn can enhance the hydrogen generation rate and yield by promoting pitting corrosion. Cheng and Zhang [6] also reassessed the thermodynamics of Al-Sn-Zn alloy by using the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) method by adopting thermodynamics of binary sub-systems from previous literature and enthalpy of mixing and activity of Al content in ternary system from experiment. Sidorov et al. [11] studied density (by gamma-absorption method), electrical resistivity (by contactless method in rotating magnetic field) and magnetic susceptibility (by Faraday's method) of some Al-Sn-Zn alloys containing up to 10% of aluminum and up to 65% of zinc and found that the increase of the Zn content mostly decreased density and susceptibility values but did not affect the resistivity of the sample of ternary alloy. ...
... Using Equations (5) and (6) in Equation (1) we obtain enthalpy of mixing as ...
The excess free energies of sub-binary Al–Sn, Sn–Zn and Zn–Al alloys and ternary Al–Sn–Zn alloy were computed using the optimised exponential parameters of R–K polynomial at 973, 1073, 1173 and 1273 K. The computed values of free energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing and activity of the ternary alloy were compared with the available experimental data. The surface concentrations of the monomers of the ternary Al–Sn–Zn alloy were computed using Butler model. The surface tension of the ternary liquid alloy was calculated in the framework of Chou, Kohler, Toop and Bulter models using optimised parameters for the excess surface tension. The viscosity of the sub-binary systems have been computed using Kaptay equation with the help of calculated results of enthalpy of mixing, and the viscosity of the ternary alloy were computed in the framework of Chou, Kohler and Toop model using optimised parameter for the excess viscosity.
... Table 1 summarizes the experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic data in the literature [10,11,13,25]. Table 2 lists the thermodynamic parameters obtained in the present work by using the PARROT module of the Thermo-Calc software [30], which is based on minimizing the sum of squares of the differences between the experimental values and the computed ones [31,32]. In the process of optimization, each piece of experimental information was given a certain weight, which can be changed in view of the experimental errors. ...
No thermodynamic description was performed for the Co-Mg binary system according to literature review. Consequently, this binary system has been investigated by means of CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach in the present work. The experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic data available in the literature were critically assessed. Based on the reliable literature data, a new set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Co-Mg system is obtained. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data from the literature, indicating the reasonability of the present thermodynamic optimization.
... Later, many groups [61][62][63][64][65][66] investigated the experimental enthalpies of mixing of the liquid phase, activities of Al in the liquid and phase equilibria information. In consideration of these new experimental data, Cheng and Zhang [67] thermodynamically re-assessed the Al-Zn-Sn system based on the thermodynamic descriptions of Al-Sn [50], Al-Zn [42], and Sn-Zn [51] binary systems. The thermodynamic descriptions from [67] are very consistent with most of the experimental data. ...
... In consideration of these new experimental data, Cheng and Zhang [67] thermodynamically re-assessed the Al-Zn-Sn system based on the thermodynamic descriptions of Al-Sn [50], Al-Zn [42], and Sn-Zn [51] binary systems. The thermodynamic descriptions from [67] are very consistent with most of the experimental data. The calculated vertical sections and isothermal sections from [67] are shown in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively. ...
... The thermodynamic descriptions from [67] are very consistent with most of the experimental data. The calculated vertical sections and isothermal sections from [67] are shown in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively. ...
A brief review on the thermodynamic descriptions of all
the sub-binary and ternary systems in the Mg–Al–Zn–Sn
system available in the literature was first performed, from
which the most reliable ones were chosen. After that,
thermodynamic description of the quaternary Mg–Al–Zn–
Sn system was established via the direct extrapolation of
the chosen thermodynamic descriptions of the sub-binary
and ternary systems in the framework of CALculation of
PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach. The reliability
of the established thermodynamic database was finally
validated through a comprehensive comparison of the
model-predicted solidified microstructure characteristics
and phase fractions in different quaternary alloys with the
experimental ones.
... Later, many groups [61][62][63][64][65][66] investigated the experimental enthalpies of mixing of the liquid phase, activities of Al in the liquid and phase equilibria information. In consideration of these new experimental data, Cheng and Zhang [67] thermodynamically re-assessed the Al-Zn-Sn system based on the thermodynamic descriptions of Al-Sn [50], Al-Zn [42], and Sn-Zn [51] binary systems. The thermodynamic descriptions from [67] are very consistent with most of the experimental data. ...
... In consideration of these new experimental data, Cheng and Zhang [67] thermodynamically re-assessed the Al-Zn-Sn system based on the thermodynamic descriptions of Al-Sn [50], Al-Zn [42], and Sn-Zn [51] binary systems. The thermodynamic descriptions from [67] are very consistent with most of the experimental data. The calculated vertical sections and isothermal sections from [67] are shown in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively. ...
... The thermodynamic descriptions from [67] are very consistent with most of the experimental data. The calculated vertical sections and isothermal sections from [67] are shown in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively. ...
Three-dimensional (3D) computer model of the Al-Sn-Zn isobaric phase diagram is presented. It is shown that the T-x-y diagram consists of 64 surfaces and 25 phase regions. Features of Al-Zn binary system phase diagram related to decomposition of aluminum solid solution and its influence on geometric structure of liquidus and solidus surfaces in the ternary system, formed by this binary system and tin, are considered. Critical analysis of the published data was carried out and errors in visualization of those fragments of the Al-Zn T-x diagram, in which phase regions are formed with the participation of new aluminum solid solutions, appeared after the decomposition of the initial solid solution, are discussed. To design this 3D model, literary data were used, and the assessment of its quality is based on isopleths and isothermal sections from the same primary sources.
