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CMOS Pierce oscillator quartz crystal acting a high-Q inductor, Z Q = R Q + jωL Q .

CMOS Pierce oscillator quartz crystal acting a high-Q inductor, Z Q = R Q + jωL Q .

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Fig. 2: Applied stress on infinitesimal cube element of the solid under...
Fig. 3: a) Simplified electric circuit of the Elgin and LIP wristwatch....
Fig. 4: Electromechanical circuit of the Bulova ACCUTRON caliber 214...
Fig. 5: CMOS Pierce oscillator quartz crystal acting a high-Q inductor,...
Evolution of Timekeeping from Water Clock to Quartz Clock - the Curious Case of the Bulova ACCUTRON 214 the First Transistorized Wristwatch
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  • Jan 2023
The technological discoveries and developments since dawn of civilization that resulted in the modern wristwatch are linked to the evolution of Science itself. A history of over 6000 years filled with amazing technical prowess since the emergence of the first cities in Mesopotamia established by the \v{S}umer civilization. Usage of gears for timeke...
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... wristwatch uses quartz crystal for timekeeping. It can be used as part of a circuit such as the oscillator invented by George W. Pierce ), as shown in Figure 5. In this circuit the quartz crystal behaves as a high-Q inductor, Z Q = R Q + jωL Q and is part of the non-linear feedback loop of a CMOS amplifier. ...

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... In physics, time traditionally has been given a linear one-way direction-that of an arrow pointing from past to future [18]. Also, timelines presenting a linear story of human evolution have conventionally progressed from left to right [26] and this tendency is also seen in Figure 4. Alongside human evolution, the innovation in timekeeping artifacts encapsulates a history of scientific discoveries and exceptional craftsmanship [78]. But, time is dynamically captured via societal norms, practices, and various aspects of daily life. ...
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